Abstract: A wood treatment method and apparatus employing a bundle support structure to support a bundle of wood during transportation and treatment of the bundle. The bundle support structure rests on a movable cart during transportation of the bundle, but is detached from the movable cart during treatment of the bundle.

Abstract: A cooling device for an electronic component, includes: a metal pipe; a metal foil provided on an external surface of the metal pipe; and a thermally-cured resin layer that bonds the external surface of the metal pipe and the metal foil together.

Abstract: A method for processing solar cells comprising: providing a vertical furnace to receive an array of mutually spaced circular semiconductor wafers for integrated circuit processing; composing a process chamber loading configuration for solar cell substrates, wherein a size of the solar cell substrates that extends along a first surface to be processed is smaller than a corresponding size of the circular semiconductor wafers, such that multiple arrays of mutually spaced solar cell substrates can be accommodated in the process chamber, loading the solar cell substrates into the process chamber; subjecting the solar cell substrates to a process in the process chamber.

Abstract: A gas sensor element is heated at a temperature of 500° C. or higher for 15 minutes or more in a treatment atmosphere containing one or more gases selected from the gas group consisting of nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and hydrocarbons (HC) and giving an air ratio of 0.80 to 1.10. In a gas sensor element to which such a treatment has been applied, a stable output is obtained without causing overshoot to an actual NOx concentration (input) even when a rapid exhaust gas change takes place.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer including an ion identifying unit, a detector in flow communication with the identifying unit, a gas inlet configured to provide gas carrying a sample of interest, a membrane substantially covering the first opening of the detector inlet, the membrane configured to capture the sample of interest on an exterior surface of the membrane, a heating device coupled to the membrane, the heating device configured to increase a temperature of the membrane to a temperature threshold level once the sample of interest is captured enabling molecules in the captured sample of interest to pass through the membrane and into the detector inlet, and a radiant heat source configured to apply radiant heat to the membrane to increase the temperature of the membrane to the temperature threshold level.

Abstract: A partition assembly comprising a partition matrix made up of intersecting first and second slotted partitions, each of the partitions having at least one slot and a rounded edge. The slots of the partitions are engaged with each other at a plurality of intersections. The partitions are made by rounding an edge of a multi-layered blank using a rotatable tool and then cutting the partition material to a desired size. Slots may then be formed in the edge sealed material.

Abstract: In the case of a method for the heat treatment of erected, preferably large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments, in particular of a diaphragm wall, of a steam generator, in particular of a power plant, in the installed state, it is sought to provide a solution which permits the use of steel types which are more problematic with regard to power plant operation with elevated steam parameters, in particular the steels T23 and T24, in the erection of steam generators. This is achieved in that the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment are subjected, in the installed state in the steam generator, and in particular over a large area, to a stress-relief annealing process.

Abstract: Alterations utilizing nanoparticles. Certain embodiments of the invention are methods of delivering a substance to a target using a delivery-aid which includes nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles may be nanocarbon particles. Other embodiments are methods of delivering nanoparticles to a target involving placing a mask between a source of ballistic delivery of nanoparticles and the target. Other embodiments include irradiating a target to cause localized heating of the region of the target in which the nanodiamonds or OLC particles are present. Other embodiments utilize nanoparticles to make cells competent for genetic transformation. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: A method for heat-treating a silicon wafer is provided in which in-plane uniformity in BMD density along a diameter of a bulk of the wafer grown by the CZ process can be improved. Further, a method for heat-treating a silicon wafer is provided in which in-plane uniformity in BMD size can also be improved and COP of a surface layer of the wafer can be reduced. The method includes a step of a first heat treatment in which the CZ silicon wafer is heated to a temperature from 1325 to 1400° C. in an oxidizing gas atmosphere, held at the temperature, and then cooled at a cooling rate of from 50 to 250° C./second, and a step of a second heat treatment in which the wafer is heated to a temperature from 900 to 1200° C. in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere, held at the temperature, and then cooled.

Abstract: A thermal treatment apparatus includes a processing container, a substrate holding unit for holding a plurality of substrates at predetermined intervals in a direction inside the processing container, a heating unit for heating the processing container, a supply unit for supplying gas, a plurality of supply ports provided respectively at different locations in the direction, and a cooling unit for cooling the processing container by supplying the gas into the processing container by the supply unit via each of the supply ports, wherein the supply unit is provided in such a way that the supply unit independently controls flow rates of the gases supplied via each of the supply ports.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for processing a substrate in a processing chamber which includes a first chamber and a second chamber. A first surface of the substrate is exposed to the first chamber and a second surface of the substrate is exposed to the second chamber. One method includes an operation for applying a first fluid to the first surface of the substrate, where the first fluid is at a first temperature. Further, the method includes another operation for applying a second fluid to the second surface of the substrate, where the second fluid is at a second temperature. During processing of the substrate, the second temperature is higher than the first temperature, and the second fluid heats the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high quality positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries at low cost and at excellent production efficiency. The method for producing a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries includes a step of firing a powder of lithium-containing carbonate that is a precursor for positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries in a rotary kiln. In the step, a temperature at a powder feed part inside of the rotary kiln is kept at 500° C. or more.

Abstract: A method is described for preheating annealing material (4, 5) in a hood-type annealing system, comprising annealing bases (1, 2) which accommodate the annealing material (4, 5) under a protective cover (7) in a protective gas atmosphere, with the annealing material (4) to be subjected to a heat treatment in a protective cover (7) being preheated with the help of a gaseous heat carrier which flows in a cycle around the protective covers (7) on the outside and absorbs heat from annealing material (5) which is already heat-treated in a protective cover (7) and emits it to the annealing material (4) to be preheated in the other protective cover (7).

Abstract: A device and method for dissipating heat from a source of heat is described. A plurality of layers of thermally conductive materials receives a flow of heat from a source of heat. A first layer of the plurality of layers receives the flow of heat from the source of heat and redirects and transfers the flow of heat to a second of the plurality of layers. Each layer has a separate preselected thermal impedance to control a desired temperature change across the plurality of layers and to maintain a desired operating temperature of the source heat.

Abstract: Provided is a method for synthesizing group II-VI compound semiconductor polycrystals in which synthesis can be accomplished without the use of a quart ampoule as the polycrystal synthesis vessel, and as a result it is possible to use a larger vessel without reducing yield, and costs can thereby be reduced. Two or more starting elements are introduced to a semi-airtight pBN inner vessel (6a), the inner vessel is introduced to a semi-airtight heat-resistant outer vessel (6b) and placed in a high-pressure furnace (1) having a heating means (7), the air inside the high-pressure furnace is evacuated and the furnace is filled with an inert gas under a predetermined pressure, the outer vessel and inner vessel are heated and the temperature is raised using the heating means, the starting elements inside the inner vessel are melted and reacted, and the temperature is then gradually lowered to promote growth of polycrystals.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a method for contact-free heating a thermoformable film prior to deforming the thermoformable film. Heating is carried out by at least one heater having at least one porous surface which faces the film and through which air flows. An air film is formed between the porous surface and the thermoformable film due to the flow of air through the porous surface. The invention also relates to a heating unit for contact-free heating a thermoformable film as well as to a packaging machine that includes such a heating unit.

Abstract: A batch of a substance, e.g., a biomass, is processed in a batch-wise operated retort under the application of heat. The substance releases a combustible process fluid during the processing. The process fluid is combusted for generating heat. The heat is supplied to the retort and/or stored in temporary heat storage in dependence on the progress of the processing for postponed heat supply to the retort.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing silicon by at least heating any one of raw materials for silicon production selected from a silica raw material and a carbon material; a silica raw material and silicon carbide; and silicon raw material, in a heating furnace, wherein the method comprises operating at least one of the raw materials for silicon production and a heated product in the heating furnace using a jig, and the jig comprises a non-metallic material portion having a bending strength of 100 MPa or more and a melting point higher than a melting point of silicon, and at least a portion thereof coming into contact with the raw materials for silicon production or the heated product, having a temperature of 1,000° C. or higher, is constituted of the non-metallic material portion.

Abstract: A crystallization apparatus includes a receiving unit supporting an object to be processed, a first heating unit adjacent the receiving unit, the first heating unit configured to heat the object to be processed to a first temperature during a first period, and a second heating unit adjacent the first heating unit, the second heating unit configured to heat the object to be processed to a second temperature, higher than the first temperature, during a second period that is shorter than the first period.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including: a first heating part and a second heating part between which a substrate having a coating film is disposed at a substrate position in the film thickness direction; and a distance control part which controls at least one of a first distance between the substrate position and the first heating part and a second distance between the substrate position and the second heating part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an air feeding device for producing anodes in an annular kiln (10), comprising at least one kiln unit (“fire”) (11) having a heating zone (13), a firing zone (14), and a cooling zone (15), each having a plurality of kiln chambers (12) which are interconnected by heating channels (17), are formed as heat exchangers and are used to receive anodes, in said method primary air being introduced into the cooling zone by means of a primary air feeding device (21) for the passage of air through the kiln unit and, once it has passed through the firing zone, being discharged from the heating zone as flue gas by means of an exhaust device (22), wherein secondary air is fed into the heating zone in the direction of the primary air flow, upstream of the exhaust device, by means of a secondary air feeding device (24).

Abstract: In a method for heat treating a metal tube or pipe for a nuclear power plant, the tube or pipe being accommodated in a batch-type vacuum heat treatment furnace, when the tube or pipe is laid down on and is subjected to heat treatment on a plurality of metal cross beams arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tube or pipe, it is possible to suppress scratches to be formed on the outer surface of the tube or pipe and attributable to heat treatment, and to reduce the discoloration on the outer surface of the tube or pipe by holding the tube or pipe and the metal cross beams in indirect contact with each other by virtue of a heat resistant fabric having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.2 mm interposed in between.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a process for producing a fired body with a high linear shrinkage ratio during firing (firing shrinkage ratio) without a damage of the shape of the shaped body, such as the honeycomb structure. The present invention is a process for producing a ceramics fired body comprising a step of firing a shaped body, wherein a linear shrinkage ratio in dimension of the fired body to the shaped body (the linear shrinkage ratio (%)=(dimension of the shaped body?dimension of the fired body)/(dimension of the shaped body)×100) is not lower than 1% and the shaped body is fired while being disposed on a mat made of a ceramics having a high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for storing thermal energy, such as solar energy, as a fuel, by heating a reactive oxide substrate to a first temperature, such that the reactive oxide substrate is reduced, wherein the reactive oxide substrate includes a cerium oxide. The method also includes contacting the reduced reactive oxide substrate at a second temperature with a gas mixture including carbon dioxide, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature, thereby preparing the fuel. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the reactive oxide substrates by heating a mixture including a doped cerium oxide and a pore-forming agent, such that pores are formed in the doped cerium oxide, thereby forming the reactive oxide substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive connecting material 30 used to form conductive portions on a plurality of terminals 11 of an electronic member having a substrate 10 and the plurality of terminals 11 provided on the substrate 10, comprising a metal layer 110 and a resin layer 120 having a resin component and a filler, in which the metal layer is aggregated on each of terminals to form the conductive portions on the plurality of terminals by bringing the conductive connecting material into contact with the plurality of terminals and heating the conductive connecting material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to produce graphene and nanoparticle catalysts supported on graphene without the use of reducing agents, and with the concomitant production of heat, are provided. The methods and apparatuses employ radiant energy to reduce (deoxygenate) graphite oxide (GO) to graphene, or to reduce a mixture of GO plus one or more metals to to produce nanoparticle catalysts supported on graphene. Methods and systems to generate and utilize heat that is produced by irradiating GO, graphene and their metal and semiconductor nanocomposites with visible, infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. using sunlight, lasers, etc. are also provided.

Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus including: a processing container for processing wafers held in a boat; heaters for heating the processing container; and a control section for controlling the heaters. Heater temperature sensors are provided between the heaters and the processing container, in-container temperature sensors are provided in the processing container, and movable temperature sensors are provided in the boat. The temperature sensors are connected to a temperature estimation section. The temperature estimation section selects two of the three types of temperature sensors, e.g. the movable temperature sensors and the in-container temperature sensors, and determines the temperature of a wafer according to the following formula: T=T1×(1??)+T2×?, ?>1, where T1 and T2 represent detection temperatures of the selected temperature sensors, and ? represents a mixing ratio.

Abstract: A substrate support instrument includes a first support instrument portion and a second support instrument portion detachably combined with each other. Each of the first support instrument portion and second support instrument portion includes: a ceiling plate and a bottom plate facing each other upward and downward; a support pillar disposed in plurality along a peripheral edge portion of each of the ceiling plate and bottom plate, and configured to connect the ceiling plate and the bottom plate; and a support part disposed at a position corresponding to each of the support pillars, and configured to support a bottom of each substrate. In the support part, a height position is set such that a substrate supported in the first support instrument portion and a substrate supported in the second support instrument portion are alternately arranged, when the first support instrument portion is combined with the second support instrument portion.

Abstract: A wind turbine has a nacelle wherein a component is equipped with a first temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the component, a second temperature sensor for detecting an outside temperature inside or outside the nacelle, a heater associated with a component to heat the latter, and a heater controller. The detected temperature of the component and the detected outside temperature are provided as input signals to the heater controller which activates the heater for heating when the detected temperature of the component is below a predetermined switch-on value for the heater. The switch-on value for the heater is, in at least one predetermined temperature interval, depending on the detected outside temperature. The switch-on value for a first outside temperature is greater than the switch-on value for a second outside temperature in the temperature interval when the second outside temperature is greater than the first outside temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a temperature control method for a substrate heat treatment apparatus that achieves high throughput while securing stability in rapid heating where a large-diameter silicon carbide (SiC) substrate having impurity ions implanted thereinto is subjected to an activation annealing treatment. A temperature control method for a substrate heat treatment apparatus (1) that includes a heating element includes: increasing the treatment temperature; continuing the temperature increase by reducing the value of power in a stepwise manner after the treatment temperature reaches a preset temperature (T1) before reaching the annealing temperature, the power being applied to heat the heating element; and maintaining the treatment temperature at a fixed value until an annealing treatment is completed after the treatment temperature reaches the annealing temperature (TA).

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing apparatus, including a reaction tube to process a substrate therein, wherein the reaction tube includes an outer tube, an inner tube disposed inside the outer tube, and a support section to support the inner tube, the inner tube and the support section are made of quartz or silicon carbide, and a shock-absorbing member is provided between the support section and the inner tube.

Abstract: A device for cooling the solid matter from a coal gasification. The device includes a container with a feed part, a cooling part and a venting part. Lines arranged transverse to the flow direction are located inside of the cooling part that are grouped in two kinds, the one carrying liquid and the other carrying gas. The liquid carrying lines are closed in the interior of the cooling part and are provided for the heat exchange. The gas carrying lines that are gas permeable into the interior of the cooling part in such a way that solid matter comprising primarily cooled slag, ash and flue dust is cooled and the remaining gas present in and between the solid matter particles is exchanged. A method for cooling down the solid matter and for removing the remaining gas from the particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for treating sewage sludge are described herein. A carbonaceous fuel is mixed with sewage sludge, the mixture is then gasified, and the obtained gas is combusted. The method and system may utilize wet sewage sludge.

Abstract: A method for controlling the peak temperature of a fluid gasification zone used for the gasification of carbonaceous materials to a syngas. Pulsed oxygen is used to control the peak temperature of the gasification zone and to avoid hot spots in the gasifier.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a negative electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery is provided. The active material includes a titanium oxide compound having a crystal structure of a monoclinic titanium dioxide and having a crystallite, the crystallite having a crystallite size of 5 to 25 nm when it is calculated by using the half width of the peak of a (110) plane obtained by a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method using a Cu-K? ray.

Abstract: The device for melting and purifying of a silicon feedstock comprises a crucible arranged inside a sealed chamber. A thermal gradient can be applied to the crucible by an arranged heat exchanger and a heating device. The device likewise comprises a device for reducing the pressure inside the chamber to a value lower than 10?2 mbar and a device for stirring the silicon in the crucible. The silicon feedstock successively undergoes degassing and pre-heating to atmospheric temperature, and then melting and low pressure, high temperature purification. Once the low-pressure purification step has been completed, directed crystallization is carried out.

Abstract: The current invention relates to a process for stabilizing a hypophosphite salt, comprising the step of heating the hypophosphite salt at a temperature of between 150 and 370° C. during a sufficient period of time to prevent the formation of a dangerous quantity of phosphine in their application as FR in polymers and a flame retardant polymer composition comprising a polymer and 0.1 to 30 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of the hypophosphite salt thermally stabilized by the above process.

Abstract: A method of heating a charge material by controlling heat flux in a tilt rotary furnace is disclosed. Combustion by the burner forms a heat release profile including a high heat flux region. The positioning of the high heat flux region is controllable by providing a controlled amount of secondary or staged oxidant. The burner is configured and controlled to position a region of high heat flux at a position corresponding to an area requiring greater heating, such as the area of maximum charge depth in the furnace to provide substantially uniform melting and heat distribution.

Abstract: A porous metal body containing continuous pores and having a low oxygen content is provided by decomposing a porous resin body that contains continuous pores and has a layer of a metal thereon by heating the porous resin body at a temperature equal to or less than the melting point of the metal while the porous resin body is immersed in a first molten salt and a negative potential is applied to the metal layer; and a method for producing the porous metal body is provided.

Abstract: Silicon wafers having an oxygen concentration of 5·1017 to 7.5·1017 cm?3 have the following BMD densities after the following thermal processes, carried out alternatively: a BMD density of at most 1·108 cm?3 after a treatment for three hours at 780° C. and subsequently for 16 hours at 1000° C., and a BMD density of at least 1·109 cm?3 after heating of the silicon wafer at a heating rate of 1 K/min from a start temperature of 500° C. to a target temperature of 1000° C. and subsequent holding at 1000° C. for 16 hours. The wafers are prepared by a method of irradiation of a heated wafer with flashlamp which delivers energy which is from 50 to 100% of the energy density necessary for melting the wafer surface.

Abstract: A method is described for preheating annealing goods in a hood-type annealing installation, comprising two annealing bases (1, 2) which accommodate the annealing goods (3, 4) under a protective cover (7, 8), with the annealing goods (3) to be subjected to a heat treatment under a protective cover (8) being preheated with the help of a gaseous heat carrier which is guided in a cycle between two protective covers (7, 8) and absorbs heat from annealing goods (4) which are heat-treated in a protective cover (7) and emits it to the annealing goods (3) to be preheated in the other protective cover (8). In order to avoid contaminations of the heat-treated annealing goods (4) it is proposed that the heat carrier flow guided in a cycle flows around the two protective covers (7, 8) on the outside, whereas a protective gas is circulated within the protective covers (7, 8).

Abstract: An anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) cathode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is formed by placing a layer of perovskite powder between two platens, and sintering the layer while applying pressure to the platens, thereby forming the anisotropic CTE cathode. The perovskite can be lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM).

Abstract: A catalytic tank heater includes a catalytic heating element supported on an LPG tank by a support structure that holds the element in a position facing the tank. Vapor from the tank is provided as fuel to the heating element, and is regulated to increase heat output as tank pressure drops. The heating element is internally separated into a pilot heater and a main heater, with respective separate fuel inlets. The pilot heater remains in continual operation, but the main heater is operated only while tank pressure is below a threshold. Operation of the pilot heater keeps a portion of the catalyst hot, so that, when tank pressure drops below the threshold, and fuel is supplied to the main heater, catalytic combustion quickly expands from the area surrounding the pilot heater to the remainder of the catalyst.

Abstract: The thermal bath media of the present invention may be used in a laboratory thermal bath both to conduct heat and to maintain a laboratory vessel in a static orientation. The shapes of the thermally-conductive media impart mechanical interaction with the vessel and support the vessel in a static orientation within the media.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method is provided for preventing condensation on a workpiece in an end station of an ion implantation system. A workpiece is cooled in a first environment, and is transferred to a load lock chamber that is in selective fluid communication with the end station and a second environment, respectively. A workpiece temperature monitoring device is configured to measure a temperature of the workpiece in the load lock chamber. An external monitoring device measures a temperature and relative humidity in the second environment, and a controller is configured to determine a temperature of the workpiece at which condensation will not form on the workpiece when the workpiece is transferred from the load lock chamber to the second environment.

Abstract: This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of high moisture waste materials to dry or low moisture products for recycle or reuse. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel and wherein the processing unit forms the dried material from the dryer vessel into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final product. Optionally, the systems and methods further provide for processing ventilation air from manufacturing facilities to reduce emissions therefrom.

Abstract: Highly uniform silica nanoparticles can be formed into stable dispersions with a desirable small secondary particle size. The silican particles can be surface modified to form the dispersions. The silica nanoparticles can be doped to change the particle properties and/or to provide dopant for subsequent transfer to other materials. The dispersions can be printed as an ink for appropriate applications. The dispersions can be used to selectively dope semiconductor materials such as for the formation of photovoltaic cells or for the formation of printed electronic circuits.

Abstract: A method of making a coated article (e.g., window unit), and corresponding coated article are provided. A layer of or including diamond-like carbon (DLC) is formed on a glass substrate. Then, a protective layer is formed on the substrate over the DLC inclusive layer. During heat treatment (HT), the protective layer prevents the DLC inclusive layer from significantly burning off. Thereafter, the resulting coated glass substrate may be used as desired, it having been HT and including the protective DLC inclusive layer.

Abstract: Method for conditioning of cellular materials, in particular organic materials, wherein the conditioned material is exposed to the thermodynamic medium. Further into the stream of the thermodynamic medium flowing in the channel (1, 6, 8, 9, 10), using the adjustable diaphragms (4, 5, 7) there are introduced turbulences increasing relative speed between conditioned material and thermodynamic medium. Invention further relates to the apparatus for conditioning of cellular materials, in particular organic materials, comprising inlet gate and supplying channel, conditioning channel and outlet, supplied from the source of the thermodynamic medium. Further the conditioning channel (6, 8, 9) has a spiral shape.

Abstract: Method for treating wooden staves (5) designed to be subsequently contacted with an alcoholic medium such as wine, so as to provide same with aromas and flavours. The method includes the following steps: lining, at least partly, the inner side of a metal support (2) with the wooden staves (5); performing a thermal treatment of the wooden staves (5) using a cresset (7) arranged at the center of the support (2).