Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided that allow a user to draw and edit a chemical structure using one or more gestures performed on an input interface. For example, the user may assign an atom label to a chemical structure representation by performing a press and tap gesture, change a chemical bond characteristic in the chemical structure representation by performing a tap gesture, and/or lengthen a molecular chain in the chemical structure representation by performing a drag gesture. The user may also rotate the chemical structure representation in the graphical display by performing one or more rotation gestures.

Abstract: An object is to provide, in place of a cube toy such as Yoshimoto Cube, a wide variety of playing patterns, playing patterns which cannot be predicted in terms of change in forms, a polyhedral toy which can be enjoyed in terms of change in form even when only one polyhedral toy is used, and a polyhedral toy having extensibility for achieving a wide variety of contents of play through combination of two or more polyhedral toys. Therefore, when a polyhedral piece (U1) forming the toy is formed with three quadrangular pyramids (G1 to G3) having, among six triangular faces (T1 to T6) of a cube (R), three faces (R1 to R3) as bottom faces, the polyhedral piece (U1) includes a triangle surface (10) formed of six triangular faces (T1 to T6) other than respective side faces of the quadrangular pyramids (G1 to G3) placed on one another. When polyhedral pieces (U1 to U8) each having the configuration described above form a toy (1) unfolded into a cuboid shape of two rows and four columns as illustrated in FIG.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic assembly for creating three-dimensional structures, said magnetic assembly comprising at least one ferromagnetic element (1), at least one magnetic element (2), magnetically couplable to said at least one ferromagnetic element (1), and at least one support panel (3) having a perimeter edge (10). Said magnetic assembly being characterised in that it further comprises at least one connection element (4), said at least one connection element (4) comprising a seat (6) for removably housing and retaining a ferromagnetic element (1) or a magnetic element, and at least one peripheral portion (9) suitable for being removably coupled to at least one portion of the perimeter edge (10) of said support panel (3), becoming locked thereto.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a modeling apparatus having a plurality of modeling devices, each having a generally tetrahedron shape having four faces with an interface element attached to each face. Each interface element cane b removably and rotatably coupled to an interface element of an adjacent modeling device. A combination of modeling devices are selectively couplable to form a variety of structures such as molecular, architectural, artistic, dynamic, and/or any other suitable model. The interface elements can include magnets with distinct or identical polarities, and with selective strengths to emulate the target structure or assembly attributes. They can also be iron or a neutral material such as aluminum. The vertices of the modeling apparatus include a curvilinear boundary tracing a spherical periphery of a sphere having a radius extending from a center point of the tetrahedral shape to a midpoint of an edge thereof.

Abstract: Educational atom models which are attached to a plurality of filaments, to which each end is attached a self-orienting magnet. The magnet is comprised of one magnet or a plurality of magnets, such that the assembly can orient to align, attract and bond to a magnet attached to the end of another filament. The atom models can mimic chemical bonds when a magnet assembly from one atom model orients, attracts and bonds to a magnet from a different atom model. The bonding between magnets more accurately mimics the formation of chemical bonds in terms of force, energy, bonding-electron origin, speed, spontaneity, and atoms' ability to form double and triple bonds. The models are educationally engaging resulting in better learning outcomes.

Abstract: This teaching tool can include: a base having an A base opening, a B base opening, and a Rh base opening; a set of antibody assemblies including; a blood cell model having an set of openings for receiving at least one of a set of antigen assemblies wherein when the A antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the A assembly, A agglutinate is represented, wherein the B antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the B assembly, B agglutinate is represented, and wherein the Rh antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the Rh assembly, Rh agglutinate is represented; and, a capillary representation defining a capillary cavity for comparison with A, B, or Rh agglutinated representations to determine if the A, B or Rh agglutinated can be received in the capillary representation.

Abstract: A base unit for use in forming a molecular model has a polyhedral body having a first set of faces defining a plurality of first attachment surfaces, and a second set of faces defining a plurality of second attachment surfaces. A first set of the plurality of second attachment surfaces has a North magnetic polarity, and a second set of the plurality of second attachment surfaces has a South magnetic polarity. The base unit is magnetically coupleable to another base unit in a first configuration in which rotation of the base unit relative to the another unit is inhibited, and in a second configuration in which rotation of the base unit relative to the another unit is not inhibited.

Abstract: Modular frames for instructional use that provide secure mounts for geometric solids are presented. Some contemplated modular frames can be assembled into three dimensional modular devices and are particularly suitable for instructional purposes. Modular devices comprising two or more frames could be coupled via a clip in two or more different configurations. Containers including conductive material and configured to provide a Faraday cage around their contents are also provided.

Abstract: A chirality teaching tool includes a central sphere representing a chiral carbon atom, and four projections representing substituents bound to the chiral carbon atom. The central sphere includes two hemispheres rotatable relative to each other. Each of the four projections forms an angle of about 100 to about 120 degrees with each other projection on the same hemisphere, and each projection is capable of forming an angle of about 100 to about 120 degrees with each of the two projections on the other hemisphere. A message indicating the type of chirality (e.g., “R” or “S”) is visible from outside the central sphere and displayed on or below the outer surface of the central sphere. The message changes when relative locations of two of the four projections are exchanged by the rotation of the two hemispheres 180 degrees relative to each other.

Abstract: A modeling system is provided which comprises a physical atomic modeling system structured for use in conjunction with a computer-implemented application which can execute a vision detection and analysis algorithm. When used to form molecular representations or models, the modeling system can be used to make molecular bonding visible, tangible, and more readily understandable to a student or other user. Various embodiments of the invention leverage the effectiveness of tangible, tactile systems to create a learning experience which increases understanding of atomic bonding at the valence electron interaction level.

Abstract: A molecular modeling kit provides a system for molecular modeling that represents exclusion between resonance structures in a molecule and permits their rotation, providing an informative tool for describing resonance in a classroom or other learning environment. The kit includes atom modeling components and bond connector components that are connected together to form models of molecules. The atom modeling components or the bond connector components include a mechanical exclusion feature that prevents simultaneous connection of two bond connector components to represent two pi-bonds formed with a single atom in a single plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic block toy, and more particularly, to a magnetic block toy which makes assembly of blocks firm because caps having serrated coupling parts are combined to both sides of a block body, and which has block bodies and caps of various colors, thereby arousing children's interest and promoting development of intelligence. The magnetic block toy according to the present invention includes: a block body having a pair of brackets each of which has a protrusion and a groove formed on the inner face to correspond to each other and are coupled with each other; caps which are respectively combined to both sides of the block body and each of which has a serrated coupling part formed on the outer surface; and a magnet which is disposed inside the cap to generate a magnetic force.

Abstract: A molecular modeling kit provides a system for molecular modeling that represents exclusion between resonance structures in a molecule and permits their rotation, providing an informative tool for describing resonance in a classroom or other learning environment. The kit includes atom modeling components and bond connector components that are connected together to form models of molecules. The atom modeling components or the bond connector components include a mechanical exclusion feature that prevents simultaneous connection of two bond connector components to represent two pi-bonds formed with a single atom in a single plane.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display and a computer processor. The computer processor is configured to present to a user a first drawing of a cyclohexane ring in a first chair conformation and a second drawing of a cyclohexane ring in a second chair conformation. The first drawing of a cyclohexane ring displays a first bond in either an axial or equatorial position. The second chair conformation is different than the first chair conformation. The computer processor is further configured to receive a first input from the user for a carbon position of the first bond and an angular orientation of the first bond. The computer processor is also configured to indicate to the user whether the first input was correct or incorrect.

Abstract: A molecular modeling device that allows for the transformation of atoms in a tetrahedral bonding arrangement around a spherical central atom to a trigonal planar bonding arrangement, without the need for disassembly and reassembly and with using the same bonds, is disclosed herein. The present invention also provides visual representations of the empty, unhybridized p-orbital on a central atom. The present invention allows users to observe a transformation between sp2 and sp3 hybridizations of an atom. The molecular modeling device may be used in education, pharmaceutical, industrial, and other applications for improved conceptualization of the geometries and angles between atomic bonds.

Abstract: The invention concerns a valence-electron-model in shape of a molecular-building-set and its use for early learning and teaching purposes at schools and universities. In the molecular-building-set each electron is preferentially enabled to form a chemical bond and is represented by a radical-neutral-connecting-element, each plus-charge is represented by plus-charge-connecting-elements and each minus-charge is represented by a minus-charge-connecting-element. Free electron-pairs are represented by two electron-representations in shape of an electron-pair-representation. Binding-forces between electron-pairs and basic-atomic-body-representations are represented by electron-pair-connecting-elements and basic-atomic-body-connecting-elements. Radical-neutral-connecting-elements are in a preferred embodiment shaped as radical-neutral-plugs with C3n-rotational-symmetry.

Abstract: The method assumes that a single solution or addition or subtraction of solutions of Schrodinger equation represented by polar or parabolic coordinates having its maximum value at the origin gives a wave function and an electric potential of a hydrogen atom. The method further: (1) regards the result of applying a gradient vector operation and thereafter a sign inversion to the wave function as an electric field; regards segments connected successively along the direction of the electric field as electric lines of force; and draws the electric lines of force so as to be approximately proportional in number to the percentage of the wave function with a difference between the maximum and minimum values of the wave function regarded as 100; and (2) displaying the wave function as an electric potential in a contour drawing.

Abstract: A high-luminance ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) nail lamp structure and an LED light source module thereof are provided. The LED nail lamp structure includes a housing and an LED light source module. The LED light source module is provided in the housing and has a plurality of UV LEDs, wherein each UV LED has an LED chip disposed in a concave lamp cup. The LED nail lamp structure features high luminance and good lighting effect.

Abstract: A computerized method and system for demonstrating and teaching electron configurations in atomic structure are disclosed. One method includes presenting to a user one or more user interfaces stored in memory of the computing system, the one or more user interfaces includes a plurality of electron configuration diagrams. The method also includes receiving user input into an orbital box diagram displayed in the one or more user interfaces, the user input defining a possible electron configuration. The method further includes in response to the user input, updating the one or more user interfaces to illustrate the electron configuration received from the user, and if instructed by the user, generates a report regarding the compliance of the user-entered electron configuration with one or more electron configuration rules.

Abstract: A hydrogen atom model has a drawing or three-dimensional model which expresses an electric field in a form of electric lines of force and a magnetic field in a form of magnetic lines of force, as an example. The electric field is obtained by a gradient vector operation applied to a wave function of a hydrogen atom and a sign inversion to the result of the vector operation. The magnetic field obtained by multiplication of the wave function by a ?-directed unit vector in polar coordinates (r, ?, ?) and application of a rotational vector operation to the result of the multiplication.

Abstract: This invention describes two embodiments of simple representations of molecular structures that are very useful for rapidly identifying unknown compounds from accurate mass fragmentation data generated on a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A computerized method and system for demonstrating and teaching electron configurations in atomic structure are disclosed. One method includes presenting to a user one or more user interfaces stored in memory of the computing system, the one or more user interfaces includes a plurality of electron configuration diagrams. The method also includes receiving user input into an orbital box diagram displayed in the one or more user interfaces, the user input defining a possible electron configuration. The method further includes in response to the user input, updating the one or more user interfaces to illustrate the electron configuration received from the user, and if instructed by the user, generates a report regarding the compliance of the user-entered electron configuration with one or more electron configuration rules.

Abstract: The open frame form of the polyhedron-shaped game structures are disclosed for playing a three-dimensional racing game. A variety of spacers and polyhedron shapes are introduced to configure the shape of the present invention. The preferred embodiment of the game structure is constructed with cubic frame and orbital routes. Each player has single set of game pieces and advances each game piece on the game structure according to the number shown on the die. The players are challenged to race and capture the opponent's game pieces according to their strategic plan. After orbiting the game structure, the first player who races back all of his or her game pieces to the predetermined finish point becomes the winner.

Abstract: Various geometric constructs are configured for use in modeling a system, for example a fissile system, using an analysis method, such as Monte Carlo, to model such systems based upon the interstitial regions formed by these geometric constructs. The various geometric constructs are configured to provide for modeling of, for example, complex arrays and lattices and allows for embedding of these constructs and virtual filling of arrays of these modeled units.

Abstract: Modeling systems are enhanced by combining physical and virtual modeling techniques to create a hybrid modeling system. Manipulation of physical models results in updated real-time physical characteristics being provided to a virtual model. User manipulation of virtual model characteristics can also be provided and implemented on the physical model using actuators and control devices. The invention also enables multiple users to simultaneously construct and manipulate different portions of a physical model, e.g., of an atom or a molecule, and to have the results of these manipulations provided to a computer system for computational analysis. The results of such analyses can be electronically returned to the physical model, e.g., wirelessly.

Abstract: A molecular modeling kit including a three-dimensional body providing a physical representation of at least one atom. The three-dimensional body can define a cavity and include a self-reorienting magnet at least partially disposed in the cavity. The magnet can be configured to realign relative to the cavity when in proximity with a second magnet such that magnetic poles of the self-reorienting magnet and the second magnet are aligned for attraction. The second magnet can be external to the three-dimensional body.

Abstract: A tube assembling device consisting of hub-carriers and hubs for erecting three-dimensional structures. The hub-carriers consist of two pairs of half-rings, bearing tongues offset by 90° along an antero-posterior axis and linked by four connecting lugs, they support radial hook-shaped expansions. The hub-carriers can link two tubes in a fixed or balanced position, can be fixed at the tube end, can be fixed along a tube and support hubs. The hubs support tongues are positioned folded or unfolded inside the tubes used for the construction of the radial expansions into rings and catching teeth internal to the rings. The assembly enables the hubs and hub-carriers to be linked by tubes or elastic links and constitute by folding or combining the hubs and hub-carriers nodes for modelling structures of numerous types from a reduced number or elements.

Abstract: A polyhedral array comprises a plurality of discrete polyhedrons and a connection network comprising connections that connect the polyhedrons. The discrete polyhedrons are spaced apart from each other at equilibrium in a predetermined generally regular pattern, and each polyhedron is comprised of edges, faces and vertices. The connection network at least partially constrains the discrete polyhedrons relative to each polyhedron's six degrees of freedom. In some embodiments, the connections extend along the bias of the array. In other embodiments, the connections extend along radial directions. All implementations can be constructed as regular arrays or in lattice networks.

Abstract: In an assembly of modules with magnetic anchorage for the construction of a grid structure, a joining element for connecting rigidly at least a first and a second elongated modules of the grid structure, characterised in that it comprises: a body of the joining element; at least a first and a second tubular projections of the body for axial attachment of the first and respectively second elongated modules; and a housing of the body for securing the body to a further module of the grid structure; the at least first and second tubular projections being in direct communication with the housing for contact of the further module to the at least first and second elongated modules.

Abstract: An NMR teaching method and apparatus incorporating pieces representative of chemical fragments. Each piece has the number of sides corresponding to the number of bonds present around the central atom. Bonds to hydrogen are curved while bonding sides are flat. The presence of concavities and convex tabs on the bonding sides indicates bonding of the respective piece to a mating piece that causes splitting of the NMR peak. The shape of concavities on each piece is indicative of the chemical fragment of the respective piece while the shape of the convex tab of the respective piece is indicative of the chemical fragment of the mating piece. First and second bonding indicators can be used to replace the convex tabs. When presented with a spectrum, a student user can select the necessary pieces using data from the spectrum. Once selected, the student user can then assemble the pieces to determine the identity of the unknown molecule in the NMR spectrum.

Abstract: An NMR teaching method and apparatus incorporating pieces representative of chemical fragments. Each piece has the number of sides corresponding to the number of bonds present around the central atom. Bonds to hydrogen are curved while bonding sides are flat. The presence of concavities and convex tabs on the bonding sides bonding of the respective piece to a mating piece that causes splitting of the NMR peak. The shape of concavities on each piece is indicative of the chemical fragment of the respective piece while the shape of the convex tab of the respective piece is indicative of the chemical fragment of the mating piece. When presented with a spectrum, a student user can select the necessary pieces using data from the spectrum. Once selected, the student user can then assemble the pieces to determine the identity of the unknown molecule in the NMR spectrum.

Abstract: A molecular model for chemistry that shows a molecular structure by expressing the distance between the atoms obtained by molecular structure analysis as the total length from two atoms and one bond as well as accurately visualizing the molecular structure without using numeric values of the van der Waals radius or covalent bond radius. The molecular model is provided with a spherical body representing the atom and a bonding rod representing an inter-atomic bond. The molecular model is to establish a general solution with versatility by (a) differentiating the radiuses of the spherical atoms in the valence state rather than an element unit, and applying different radial lengths even within the same element, and (b) applying the bonding rod differentiated by the bonding state between the atoms.

Abstract: Three-dimensional models of molecules, including proteins, and molecular model construction kits, including an alpha helix construction kit, a beta sheet construction kit, and a nucleic acid construction kit. The three-dimensional models of molecules include one or more elongated tubular strands representing alpha carbons and the bonds between the alpha carbons. The alpha helix and beta sheet construction kits include amino acid backbone units, hydrogen bond units, and side chain units. The nucleic acid construction kits include base units, hydrogen bond units, sugar units, and phosphate units.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for depicting one or more biological elements in a basic environment by means of a data processing system comprising the steps of obtaining one or more data sets relating to a biological element, determining at least one first feature element from said data sets, said feature element providing information on a relation between said biological element and said basic environment, obtaining data determining a graphical representation for depicting at least one of the biological elements corresponding to said one or more data sets determining a relation between the graphical representation of said basic environment and said graphical representation on the basis of said first feature element, providing means for effecting that in a graphical representation of said environment generated from said data said graphical representation of said biological element is depicted as located on said display of said basic environment element according to said relation determined o

Abstract: This invention is intended to be used as an Educational demonstration for college level instruction. The invention allows students to visualize the phenomenon of activation energy. Rearrange the unit to demonstrate the SN2 reaction and the potential energy of a covalent bond as a function of internuclear distance. The demonstration can be used as a visual aid to enhance the students understanding of the material presented during the instructors lecture time, or the demonstration can be used directly by the student as a laboratory exercise. The student will gain important graphing skills by using this invention to plot the activation energy curve. The device is made with the most powerful ring magnets commercially available. The size and shape of the ring magnets produces the unusual effects that characterize this invention. An acrylic rod, containing a metric scale for easy measurement, aligns the magnets.

Abstract: A computer implemented molecular modeler displays information concerning structural validity to the user. The display of information may be updated substantially continuously while the user modifies the molecular model. The display of information may comprise a color coded indicator and/or text associated with the atoms of the molecular model.

Abstract: It is described a system of independently moving elements with characteristics making them bind reversibly to each other according to certain rules such that they form self-replicating and mutating polymers subject to the general principles of natural selection, and use of the system to simulate the origin of life, for entertainment, decoration, scientific and educational purposes.

Abstract: A computer implemented molecular modeler displays information concerning structural validity to the user. The display of information may be updated substantially continuously while the user modifies the molecular model. The display of information may comprise a color coded indicator and/or text associated with the atoms of the molecular model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure of molecular model that can express the distance between the atoms obtained by molecular structure analysis as the total length from two spherical atoms and one bonding rod as well as accurately visualize the molecular structure without using numeric values of the van der Waals radius or covalent bond radius. The molecular model is to establish a general solution with versatility by (a) differentiating the radiuses of the spherical atoms in the valence state rather than an element unit, and applying different radial lengths even within the same element, and (b) applying the bonding rod differentiated by the bonding state between the atoms.

Abstract: A computer implemented molecular modeler displays information concerning structural validity to the user. The display of information may be updated substantially continuously while the user modifies the molecular model. The display of information may comprise a color coded indicator and/or text associated with the atoms of the molecular model.

Abstract: The invention provides a waterproof connector in which a seal is maintained around a bolt without having to increase the number of components. A bolt 39 is passed through a through hole 36 of a bolt attachment member 35, this bolt 39 being passed from a countersunk hole 46 of a grommet 40 attached so as to cover a posterior face of a female housing 30. A nut 26 of a male housing 20 is fastened to this bolt 39, this fastening the two housings 20 and 30 together. A circular sealing member 50 is formed in a manner whereby it adjoins a central hole 47 of a base face 46A of the countersunk hole 46, a shaft 39A of the bolt 39 passing through this sealing member 50 in a manner whereby it fits tightly therewith. The sealing member 50 fits into a housing hole 53 of the bolt attachment member 35.

Abstract: The nuclear receptor for the steroid hormone 1&agr;,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, its ligand binding domain, three-dimensional model thereof and a method for selection of suitable vitamin D3 binding to the 1&agr;,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. A three-dimensional model for residues 142-427 of the ligand binding domain of the human nuclear receptor for 1&agr;,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 used to identify the interaction of the conformationally flexible natural hormone 1&agr;,25(OH)2D3 and a number of related analogs with the receptor ligand binding domain. A method for identification and generation of new potential analog drug forms of dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Abstract: A chemical model set of 15 elements of the first three periods and one generic transitional metal that can easily build and disassemble molecular structures. The models have markings on them to signify their chemical symbol, electronic orbital state and electro-negativity. The models have ceramic magnets in a plastic assembly that is attached to the models. This assembly can move rotationally and laterally about the sides of the model in slots that are individually designated to the models and facilitate the building of molecular structures. The ceramic magnet assemblies are able to mate at either face of their polarized edge with magnets of facing models, and are marked with an arrow in the direction of their polarity. The rotational ability of the magnet assembly allows the relative oxidative or reductive state of the model in a molecular structure to be surmised by the symbolic placing or removing of electron density on the model in the direction that the paired arrows in the bond are facing.

Abstract: An interactive astronomical model includes a geocentric module, a heliocentric module, and a housing. The geocentric module has a central body configured to represent earth. The heliocentric module has a central axis configured to represent the sun. A housing is used to couple both the geocentric module and the heliocentric module. The invention also includes a method for generating an interactive astronomical model comprising the steps of providing a geocentric module having a central body configured to represent earth, providing a heliocentric module having a central axis configured to represent a sun; and coupling the geocentric module with the heliocentric module with a shared housing.

Abstract: A solid free form model of a complex structure, such as a molecular structure, and a method of making such a model. The model includes a first elongated strand extending along a first path corresponding to the locations of selected elements to represented, a second elongated strand extending along a second path spaced from the first path and a connecting leg extending between the first and second strands along a path corresponding to the vector along which a force, such as a hydrogen bond, acts on the modeled elements.

Abstract: A topographic model useful to design and synthesize memory-enhancing substances is disclosed. Administration of substances designed by this method to enhance memory in mammals, including humans, is disclosed. Such substances include peptides having the amino acid sequence Val Phe Phe.

Abstract: A manipulatable beaded string toy device comprising of a plurality of interconnectable elements, each element including a number of beads disposed on a cord. When the plurality of interconnectable elements are interconnected, a junction formed comprises at least four beads, two from each cord, each of the at least four beads is in contact with at least three other beads of the junction.

Abstract: An atomic model in a single piece of injection-molded plastic is provided herein which represents the two electrons in co-valent electron bonding between atoms, and simultaneously represents the allosteric spin capability around an axis perpendicular to the centers of two conjoint co-valent electron faces on two atoms. This model includes a small cylindrical stud arising from a flat face cut into one (or up to four) curved surfaces or segment(s) of a physical three-dimensional spherical body which represents the electron available for donation by an atom. It also includes on each face a hole which is cut intaglio or dropped vertically into the face of the atom next to the raised stud. This hole is arced in a 90-degree arc about the contiguous electron-representing stud which arises above it like a nose above a smiling mouth. This arced slot represents the available space in the outer shell of the receiving atom into which a donated electron-stud from another atom may be inserted.

Abstract: The effective Born radii of atoms in a molecule are determined using a new molecular modeling technique. In this approach, the electrical polarization component of solvation energy of an atom i is approximated as the electrical polarization energy given by the classical Born equation (Eq. 2), assuming that the Born radius .alpha. is equal to the van der Waals radius of the atom, minus the effects of all surrounding atoms, j, which displace solvent from around atom i. This displacement effect increases with the volume of the atom j and decreases as the fourth power of the separation between atom i and atom j. E.sub.pol for atom i can therefore be calculated using the following equation:E.sub.pol,i =-166(1-1/.epsilon.)q.sub.i [1/(P.sub.0 +R.sub.i)-.SIGMA.PV.sub.j /r.sub.ij.sup.4 ]wherein R.sub.i is the van der Waals radius of atom i, V.sub.j is the volume of an atom j, and P.sub.0 and P are empirically determined, solvent-dependant constants or functions of r.sub.ij, This value of E.sub.

Abstract: An assembly for obtaining a plurality of cluster structures in either a sequential manner or collectively having a base component portion (10) having an enlarged body (12) to which is attached, by way of flexible straps (21), a plurality of assembly component portions (20) each having an enlarged body (24) and the flexible straps (21) such that, when appropriate tension is applied to the straps (21), the bodies (24) of the assembly component portions (20) are firmly abutted to the body (12) of the base component portion (10) causing rotations of the assembly component bodies (24) in relation to each other and to the base body (12) to automatically produce a plurality of cluster structures. The base component portion (10) may have the enlarged body (12) mounted on and around an enlarged hollow-core support member (11) with the member acting as a channel for the flexible straps (21).