Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for degrading hydrophobic ester pesticides and toxins. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of insect esterases, and mutants thereof, in the bioremediation of hydrophobic ester pesticides and toxins residues, such as pyrethroid residues, contaminating the environment and horticultural commodities.

Abstract: A reaction medium for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is provided, comprising an oil-in-water emulsion including water, an emulsifier, an oil phase and at least one interfacially active enzyme, where the emulsion is produced by the phase inversion temperature process and has a droplet size of 50 to 400 nm. A method for the enzyme-catalyzed esterification, transesterification or hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters and/or triglycerides is also provided where the oil-in-water emulsion is used as the reaction medium.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the preparation of purified allergens and allergoids, both derived from whole bee venom, for the desensitisation (immunotherapy) of subjects affected by a specific allergy. In particular, the present invention concerns a preparation for immunotherapy based on purified bee venom, characterised in that said bee venom is essentially mellitin-free. In addition, the preparation of a monomeric allergoid obtainable through the carbamylation or thiocarbamylation reaction of said mellitin-free bee venom, is described. Said allergoid, being characterised by reduced IgE-binding activity, may be a safer and more effective candidate for specific immunotherapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for engineering proteins to optimize their performance under certain environmental conditions of interest. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for engineering enzymes to optimize their catalytic activity under particular environmental conditions. In some preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for altering the net surface charge and/or surface charge distribution of enzymes {e.g., metalloproteases or serine proteases) to obtain enzyme variants that demonstrate improved performance in detergent formulations as compared to the starting or parent enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a newly identified polynucleotide sequence comprising a gene that encodes a novel phospholipase isolated from Aspergillus niger. The invention features the full length nucleotide sequence of the novel gene, the cDNA sequence comprising the full length coding sequence of the novel phospholipase as well as the amino acid sequence of the full-length functional protein and functional equivalents thereof. The invention also relates to methods of using these enzymes in industrial processes and methods of diagnosing fungal infections. Also included in the invention are cells transformed with a polynucleotide according to the invention and cells wherein a phospholipase according to the invention is genetically modified to enhance or reduce its activity and/or level of expression.

Abstract: The invention concerns multiparticulate galenic formulations for oral administration and designed for colon targeted delivery of active principles selected from the group comprising enzymes capable of inactivating macrolides and the like, enzymes capable of inactivating quinolones and ?-lactamases.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters. More specifically, carboxylic acid esters are reacted with an inorganic peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolysis activity. The present perhydrolase catalysts are classified as members of the carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE-7) based on the conserved structural features. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peracids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: A novel form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is provided, N-AChE, which bears a transmembrane domain. Exons encoding this novel form, the peptide comprising, the transmembrane domain, as well as antibodies recognizing the same are also provided. N-AChE expression in the hippocampus is correlated with Alzheimer's disease. Secreted forms of AChE are also provided, and methods of producing AChE protein are, also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having alpha-glucuronidase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters. More specifically, carboxylic acid esters are reacted with an inorganic peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolysis activity. The present perhydrolase catalysts are classified as members of the carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE-7) based on the conserved structural features. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peracids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: Enzymes accumulated in plant cell walls serve diverse physiological functions including metabolism, polysaccharide structure modification, and molecular communication in interactions with other organisms. Pectin methylesterases are economically important enzymes for their impact on quality and processing properties of fruit and vegetable food products. We have now purified TT-PME to homogeneity from sweet orange finisher pulp and determined the complete corresponding nucleic acid sequence. Purified TT-PME was observed by SDS-PAGE as two doublet bands with molecular masses of approximately 46,000 Da and 56,000 Da. Direct Edman sequencing from these proteins showed a common N-terminal peptide. De novo sequencing of eight TT-PME tryptic peptides determined by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry provided additional internal sequences. TT-PME did not correspond to any previously reported Citrus spp. PME sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for engineering proteins to optimize their performance under certain environmental conditions of interest. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for engineering enzymes to optimize their catalytic activity under particular environmental conditions. In some preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for engineering enzymes to optimize their catalytic activity and/or stability under adverse environmental conditions. In some preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for engineering enzymes to optimize their storage stability, particularly under adverse environmental conditions. In some preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods for altering the net surface charge and/or surface charge distribution of enzymes (e.g., metalloproteases) to obtain enzyme variants that demonstrate improved performance and/or stability in detergent formulations as compared to the starting or parent enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyesterases having cutinase and/or suberinase activity obtainable from Coprinus and Trichoderma. The invention further relates to a method for producing the polyesterases, and to polynucleotides, vectors and host cells used therein. The enzymes are useful in hydrolysing cutin, suberin and other polyesters for example in treating agricultural or food raw materials, or wood raw materials, pulp and paper products and waste, and in modifying polyester fibers, or in laundry and dish applications.

Abstract: The disclosure provides aldehyde-tagged protein carriers that can be covalently and site-specifically bound to drug to provide a drug-containing scaffold. The invention also encompasses methods of production of such drug-containing scaffolds and intermediates, as well as methods of use.

Abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) polypeptide variants of the presently-disclosed subject matter have enhanced catalytic efficiency for (?)-cocaine, as compared to wild-type BChE. Pharmaceutical compositions of the presently-disclosed subject matter include a BChE polypeptide variant having an enhanced catalytic efficiency for (?)-cocaine. A method of the presently-disclosed subject matter for treating a cocaine-induced condition includes administering to an individual an effective amount of a BChE polypeptide variant, as disclosed herein, to lower blood cocaine concentration.

Abstract: A novel computational method and generation of mutant butyrylcholinesterase for cocaine hydrolysis is provided. The method includes molecular modeling a possible BChE mutant and conducting molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations thereby providing a screening method of possible BChE mutants by predicting which mutant will lead to a more stable transition state for a rate determining step. Site-directed mutagenesis, protein expression, and protein activity is conducted for mutants determined computationally as being good candidates for possible BChE mutants, i.e., ones predicted to have higher catalytic efficiency as compared with wild-type BChE. In addition, mutants A199S/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/A328W/Y332G, A199S/S287G/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G, and A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/E441D all have enhanced catalytic efficiency for (?)-cocaine compared with wild-type BChE.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a conjugate of two molecules using a hydrazide thiol linker. In a particular working embodiment, an Fc-specific antibody-enzyme conjugate is made using the method and demonstrated to provide exceptional staining sensitivity and specificity in immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization assays.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters. More specifically, carboxylic acid esters are reacted with an inorganic peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolysis activity. The present perhydrolase catalysts are classified as members of the carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE-7) based on the conserved structural features. Further, disinfectant formulations comprising the peracids produced by the processes described herein are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel subtilase variants exhibiting improvements relative to the parent subtilase in one or more properties including: wash performance, thermal stability, storage stability or catalytic activity. The variants of the invention are suitable for use in e.g., cleaning or detergent compositions, such as laundry detergent compositions and dish wash compositions, including automatic dish wash compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a DNA sequence that encodes a polypeptide with lysophospholipase activity and was isolated from Aspergillus and sequences derived therefrom, polypeptides with lysophospholipase activity encoded by these sequences as well as the use of these polypeptides for improving the filterability of syrups consisting of wheat starch and for related applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having feruloyl esterase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: A method of removing an enzyme from a liquid enzyme reaction mixture used in a hydrolysis reaction or a base exchange reaction of a phospholipid is provided. The method includes the step of treating the liquid enzyme reaction mixture with a solvent mixture of water and an organic solvent, wherein the solvent mixture includes an inorganic metal salt, to remove the enzyme. Enzymes included in the reaction product can be easily removed without a treatment such as heating, and thus it becomes possible to easily produce various phospholipids that have a reduced risk of inducing an allergy, that retain a high quality and that have excellent storage stability.

Abstract: New enzymes having esterase activity and their use for processes for kinetic resolution of butinolesters.

Abstract: The invention relates to functional polypeptides secreted from Botryospaeria rhodina CBS 274.96.

Abstract: The present invention discloses DNA sequences encoding plant and novel lipid acyl hydrolase proteins having coleopteran specific insect inhibitory activity, as well as variants and permuteins having enhanced levels of activity directed to controlling coleopteran insect infestation and enhanced levels of expression in planta. Additionally, catalytic dyad active site conformation is disclosed for both dicot and monocot plant derived non-specific lipid acyl hydrolases having coleopteran insect inhibitory properties.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing siloxanes modified with organic esters, by hydrosilylating siloxanes with terminally unsaturated esters, which comprises preparing the terminally unsaturated esters used using at least one enzyme as catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding an enzyme having carboxylesterase [E.C. 3.1.1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a newly identified hydrolase from thermophilic microorganisms having thermostable properties, and more specifically, to a novel thermostable hydrolase showing high activity at high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding an enzyme having carboxyl esterase [E.C. 3.1.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form a complex having greatly increased mean residence time (MRT) in the system of an animal following injection thereinto. Also disclosed are compositions of such complexes, methods of preparing these complexes and method for using these complexes and compositions in the treatment and/or prevention of toxic effects of poisons, such as neurotoxins, to which said animals, such as humans, have been, or may become, exposed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a MOS transistor having a low resistance ohmic contact characteristic and a manufacturing method thereof capable of improving a drive current of the MOS transistor. A gate oxide layer, a gate electrode, and a spacer are formed on a silicon substrate, and a silicon carbide layer is deposited thereon. A photolithography process is performed, and the silicon carbide layer is etched except for predetermined portions corresponding to source-drain regions and the gate electrode. Then, a metal layer is formed on the resulting structure after performing a source-drain ion implantation process. The metal layer is heated to form a salicide layer on the gate electrode and the source-drain diffusion regions. Then, the unreacted metal layer is removed, thereby forming the MOS transistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to arthropod esterase proteins; to arthropod esterase nucleic acid molecules, including those that encode such esterase proteins; to antibodies raised against such esterase proteins; and to other compounds that inhibit arthropod esterase activity. The present invention also includes methods to obtain such proteins, nucleic acid molecules, antibodies, and inhibitory compounds. Also included in the present invention are therapeutic compositions comprising such proteins, nucleic acid molecules, antibodies and/or inhibitory compounds as well as the use of such therapeutic compositions to protect animals from hematophagous arthropod infestation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel proteins from Pseudomonas glumae, having esterase activity, in particular butynol I esterase activity, to nucleic acid sequences coding therefor, to expression cassettes, vectors and recombinant microorganisms; to methods for preparing said proteins and to the use thereof for enzymic, in particular enantioselective enzymic, ester hydrolysis or transesterification of organic esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and enzymes for degrading hydrophobic ester pesticides and toxins. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of insect esterases, and mutants thereof, in the bioremediation of hydrophobic ester pesticides and toxins residues, such as pyrethroid residues, contaminating the environment and horticultural commodities.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel perhydrolases, derived from the protease Carlsberg by amino acid exchange in positions 11, 15, 21, 38, 50, 54, 58, 77, 83, 89, 93, 96, 107, 117, 120, 134, 135, 136, 140, 147, 150, 154, 155, 160, 161, 171, 179, 180, 181, 194, 205, 208, 213, 216, 217, 238, 239, 251, 253, 257, and/or 261. The invention further relates to methods for production of said novel perhydrolases, products comprising said novel perhydrolases, particularly bodycare, haircare, shampoo, hair-dyeing, hair-bleaching, oral-care, dental-dare, dental-prosthesis-care, cosmetic, therapeutic (textile) washing, cleaning, rinsing, handwash, washing-up and dish-washing products, and corresponding applications of said novel perhydrolases.

Abstract: Forms of colonic delivery suited to be used orally and designed for colonic delivery of active ingredients selected from the group comprising enzymes capable of inactivating macrolide antibiotics and related compounds, enzymes capable of inactivating quinolones, and ?-lactamases.

Abstract: A novel computational method and generation of mutant butyrylcholinesterase for cocaine hydrolysis is provided. The method includes molecular modeling a possible BChE mutant and conducting molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations thereby providing a screening method of possible BChE mutants by predicting which mutant will lead to a more stable transition state for a rate determining step. Site-directed mutagenesis, protein expression, and protein activity is conducted for mutants determined computationally as being good candidates for possible BChE mutants, i.e., ones predicted to have higher catalytic efficiency as compared with wild-type BChE. In addition, mutants A199S/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/A328W/Y332G, A199S/S287G/A328W/Y332G, A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G, and A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/E441D all have enhanced catalytic efficiency for (?)-cocaine compared with wild-type BChE.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel acetylcholinesterase gene (ace-1) responsible for resistance to organophosphorus and/or carbamates in mosquitoes, which is non-homologous to the D. melanogaster acetylcholinesterase gene (ace-2), products of the ace-1 gene (cDNA, protein AchE1) and the applications thereof, particularly for the screening of novel insecticides and the genetic detection of resistance to organophosphorus and/or carbamates in mosquito populations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel protein interacting with phytochromes and use thereof, and more particularly, to a polypeptide having either an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% with said amino acid sequence, and use thereof. The polypeptide interacts with phytochromes A and B, and the TPR domain present at the N-terminal region of the polypeptide is involved in the interaction. Also, a PP2A catalytic domain (PP2Ac) having phosphatase activity is present at the C-terminal region of the polypeptide. The polypeptide can be used as a phosphatase, and is useful in the production of plants sensitive to light signal transduction. Furthermore, the TPR domain present in the polypeptide is useful in the production of dwarf plants.

Abstract: To provide a novel phospholipase A2 (PLA2) associated with psoriasis, a nucleic acid encoding the same, a method for characterizing, identifying or screening an inhibitor for the PLA2 or a medicament; and a novel method for diagnosis or examination of psoriasis or the like. A polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, a conservative substitution variant thereof, a naturally occurring allelic variant thereof, or the like. A nucleic acid encoding the above-mentioned polypeptide, a complement thereof or the like. A method for characterizing, identifying or screening an inhibitor for the PLA2 or a medicament, using the above-mentioned polypeptide. An examination method for psoriasis, characterized by assaying an expression level of a gene consisting of the above-mentioned nucleic acid or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for attenuating gene expression in a cell, especially in a mammalian cell, using gene-targeted double stranded RNA (dsRNA), such as a hairpin RNA. The dsRNA contains a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under physiologic conditions of the cell to the nucleotide sequence of at least a portion of the gene to be inhibited (the “target” gene).

Abstract: A method for obtaining a mixture of heterogenous short double-stranded RNA molecules suitable for use in gene silencing (hsiRNA) by subjecting large double-stranded RNA to enzymatic cleavage under specified conditions. The resulting mixture consistently includes enhanced representation of fragments having a size of 21-22 nucleotides absent any fractionation step. The fragments contain sequences that collectively span the entire length of the large double-stranded RNA from which they are derived. Double-stranded RNA with sequences that individually represent segments of a target mRNA may be analyzed using the methods described herein to identify the most active subset of hsiRNA fragments or individual siRNA fragments for achieving gene silencing for any gene or transcribed sequences. A method is additionally provided for preparing and cloning DNA encoding selected siRNA, hsiRNA mixtures or hairpin sequences to provide a continuous supply of a gene silencing reagent derived from any long double-stranded RNA.

Abstract: A method for the production of partially esterified (meth)acrylic acid esters of polyalcohols and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel cleavage agents and polymerases for the cleavage and modification of nucleic acid. The cleavage agents and polymerases find use, for example, for the detection and characterization of nucleic acid sequences and variations in nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the 5? nuclease activity of a variety of enzymes is used to cleave a target-dependent cleavage structure, thereby indicating the presence of specific nucleic acid sequences or specific variations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid and (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester using an inexpensive industrially available enzyme capable of assuring superior optical purity and yield. At this time, the hydrolytic enzyme is selected from the group consisting of Savinase, Alcalase, Novozym 243, Everlase, Esperase, Protease 7 and Acylase, whereby (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid and methyl ester thereof having an optical purity of at least 99% e.e. can be obtained through a simplified preparation process, thus generating economic benefits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to enzyme preparations consisting essentially of an enzyme which has cellulytic activity and comprises a first amino acid sequence having the following sequence (SEQ ID NO: 79) Thr Arg Xaa Xaa Asp Cys Cys Xaa Xaa Xaa Cys Xaa 1???2???3???4???5???6???7???8???9???10??11??12 Trp Xaa 13??14 and a second amino acid sequence having the following sequence Trp Cys Cys Xaa Cys (SEQ ID NO: 80) 1???2???3???4???5 wherein, at position 3 of the first sequence, the amino acid is Trp, Tyr or Phe; at position 4 of the first sequence, the amino acid is Trp, Tyr or Phe; at position 8 of the first sequence, the amino acid is Arg, Lys or His; at positions 9, 10, 12 and 14, respectively, of the first sequence, and at position 4 of the second sequence, the amino acid is any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acid residues with the provisos that, in the first amino acid sequence, (i) when the amino residue at position 12 is Ser, then the amino acid

Abstract: We describe here an in vitro method of increasing complementarity in a heteroduplex polynucleotide sequence. The method uses annealing of opposite strands to form a polynucleotide duplex with mismatches. The heteroduplex polynucleotide is combined with an effective amount of enzymes having strand cleavage activity, 3? to 5? exonuclease activity, and polymerase activity, and allowing sufficient time for the percentage of complementarity to be increased within the heteroduplex. Not all heteroduplex polynucleotides will necessarily have all mismatches resolved to complementarity. The resulting polynucleotide is optionally ligated. Several variant polynucleotides result. At sites where either of the opposite strands has templated recoding in the other strand, the resulting percent complementarity of the heteroduplex polynucleotide sequence is increased. Also described are mismatch endonucleases suitable for use in the process.

Abstract: Compositions and reaction kits are provided for controlling an enzymatic process. The compositions and kits include a substantially water-insoluble, water-permeable polymer and a poorly water-soluble salt of an essential ionic enzymatic reactant. The disclosed compositions and methods are particularly useful for improving the specificity and performance of PCR.

Abstract: Modified proteins are disclosed that maintain enzymatic and insecticidal activity while displaying reduced or eliminated allergenicity. Epitopes which bind to anti-patatin antibodies were identified, and removed via site directed mutagenesis. Tyrosines were observed to generally contribute to the allergenic properties of patatin proteins. Removal of glycosylation sites was observed to reduce or eliminate antibody binding. Permuteins are also disclosed which have a rearranged amino acid sequence while retaining enzymatic activity. Deallergenized proteins and permuteins can be used as insecticidal materials, as nutritional supplements, and as immunotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to an in vitro method for introducing a targeted genome modification into an oocyte or an egg and a method for performing a random insertion in the genome of a host cell.