Abstract: An aqueous electrolytic solution of a molybdate ion and an oxidizing agent is effective to detect phosphorus segregates in a metallic material, particularly cast steel through electrolysis. Segregated phosphorus can be detected by (a) applying a test sheet against a surface area of the metallic material to be examined for segregation, (b) introducing an aqueous electrolytic solution comprising 0.1 to 20% by weight of a molybdate ion and an oxidizing agent between the metallic material surface area and the sheet, (c) contacting a cathode plate with the sheet, (d) effecting electrolysis with the metallic material made anode, (e) removing the sheet from the metallic material surface, and (f) treating the sheet with a reducing agent.

Abstract: In a redox reaction process, the oxidized state of organic compounds is increased through the steps of directing oxides of nitrogen together with a reducing agent selected from oxygenated compounds and aromatic compounds through a catalyst bed in the form of supported gold heated to a temperature sufficient to reduce the oxides of nitrogen present to nitric oxide, after which the higher oxidized forms of organic compounds are recovered. The organic compounds to be oxidized can be separated by chromatography before introduction with one of the oxides of nitrogen into the catalyst bed, and detection of the reducing agent by chemiluminescent measurement of NO.sub.2.sup.* enables determination of the higher oxidized species produced.

Abstract: A gas concentration measuring method comprises irradiating a sample gas with ultraviolet light in the presence of oxygen, thereby converting a specific gas for detection contained in the sample gas into fine oxide particles by photochemical reaction, irradiating the sample gas having the fine oxide particles contained therein with light, and detecting scattered light emitted from the fine oxide particles contained in the sample gas.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of 0.1-80% silver nitrate is effective to detect phosphrous segregates in a metallic material, particularly cast steel. Segregated phosphorus can be detected by etching a surface of steel to be tested, attaching test paper onto the steel surface, applying an aqueous solution of 0.1 to 80% by weight of silver nitrate to the paper, maintaining the paper in contact with the steel surface for a sufficient time, removing the paper from the steel surface, and subjecting the paper to fixing treatment. The solution may further comprise an amount of lower alkyl alcohol that is compatible with the silver nitrate in solution.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing 0.00005 to 0.2 mol/l of copper ion and 0.0001 to 1.0 mol/l of nitrate ion is effective to detect phosphorus segregates in a metallic material, particularly cast steel. Segregated phosphorus can be detected by etching a surface of steel to be tested, attaching test paper onto the steel surface, applying the aqueous solution to the paper, maintaining the paper in contact with the steel surface until stains appear, and removing the paper from the steel surface. A red print is obtained when the solution is pH 6 or higher. A blue print is obtained by following the above steps, and further treating the paper with a color reagent containing molybdate ion, and then with a reducing agent.

Abstract: An improved process for quantitatively determining nitrogen content or other elemental content in a wide variety of materials. The process avoids the use of conventional catalysts, is simpler and faster than previous techniques, and results in a very high degree of accuracy. The process involves the use of a hydrogen peroxide which is added to the digest continuously, while the digest is boiling, while refluxing with a fractionating column. The digestion process also enables quantitative determination of various elements other than nitrogen.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of silver nitrate is effective to detect phosphorus segregates in a metallic material, particularly cast steel. Segregated phosphorus can be detected by etching a surface of steel to be tested, attaching test paper onto the steel surface, applying an aqueous solution of 0.1 to 80% by weight of silver nitrate to the paper, maintaining the paper in contact with the steel surface for a sufficient time, removing the paper from the steel surface, and subjecting the paper to fixing treatment.

Abstract: Phosphorus segregates formed in cast steel upon solidifying are detected by a novel method comprising applying a metal etching reagent, for example, lithium chloride in ethanol, to a surface area of the steel to be examined, and attaching a sheet of test paper bearing an aqueous solution of silver nitrate to said surface, thereby detecting phosphorus segregates as stains on the sheet.

Abstract: A method for analyzing specific chemical substances in a gaseous environment which utilizes a thermionic source formed of multiple layers of ceramic material composition, an electrical current instrumentality for heating the thermionic source to operating temperatures in the range of 100.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C., an instrumentality for exposing the surface of the thermionic source to contact with the specific chemical substances for the purpose of forming gas phase ionization of the substances by a process of electrical charge emission from the surface, a collector electrode disposed adjacent to the thermionic source, an instrumentality for biasing the thermionic source at an electrical potential which causes the gas phase ions to move toward the collector, and an instrumentality for measuring the ion current arriving at the collector.

Abstract: An improved photometric method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in fluids is disclosed.The method makes use of two reagents, an acid reagent and an ammonium molybdate reagent. Utilizing these reagents, the method comprises the following steps:(a) forming a first mixture consisting of a sample fluid and acid reagent;(b) measuring the light absorbance of said first mixture;(c) forming a second mixture consisting of said first mixture and ammonium molybdate reagent;(d) measuring the light absorbance of said second mixture;(e) calculating the difference in light absorbance (.DELTA.A sample) between the light absorbances measured for said first and second mixtures; and,(f) determining the concentration of inorganic phosphate in said sample fluid by comparing the difference in light absorbance (.DELTA.A sample) for said sample fluid to the difference in light absorbance (.DELTA.A standard) for a standard fluid having a known concentration of inorganic phosphate, .DELTA.

Abstract: A method for determining the coating weight and composition of a zinc phosphate coating on a ferrous metal surface comprises stripping the coating from a known area using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine, thereafter measuring the iron and phosphate contents by colorimetric analysis of the stripping solution and then determining the coating weight and composition based on such measurements.

Abstract: A process for the removal of and analysis of phosphine and arsine impurities in silane gas. Silane gas which normally contains the impurities of AsH.sub.3 and PH.sub.3 is contacted with a solution of NaAlH.sub.4 in dimethoxyethane, other ether or amine to remove the impurities therefrom. The dimethoxyethane or other ether solution may then be hydrolyzed with water or alcohol to evolve hydrogen gas from the NaAlH.sub.4 and to re-evolve phosphine and arsine which may then be quantitatively determined by gas chromatography, atomic absorption, or other means.

Abstract: According to the present invention volatile hydrides such as diborane, arsine, phosphine and the like are made to react with mercuric oxide at room temperature to produced mercury atom, the concentration of which is thereafter measured and the concentration of volatile hydrides is determined in accordance with the corresponding measured mercury atom concentration. As the measuring apparatus according to the present invention is made to measure mercury atom, it can easily detect even extremely small quantity of substances such as volatile hydrides and respond quickly, thus enabling the apparatus to be suitably used as a monitor in semiconductor industry.

Abstract: A tape coated with an adsorbent and impregnated with a processing solution which includes silver nitrate, an acid, an alcohol and a glycol is a sensitive detecting means for hydride gases and is stable upon exposure to light.

Abstract: A method for detecting fluorescent materials in liquid chromatography. Fluorescent materials are excited by chemical reaction with chemical reagents to yield light (chemiluminescence) and detected at high sensitivity. The detection apparatus is composed of a mixer for mixing a solution containing separated fluorescent materials and solutions of chemical reagents to afford chemiluminescence, a flow cell and a light receptive detection means for detecting the light thus produced.

Abstract: The amount of organic, phosphorous containing grain refiners in phosphate conversion coating baths is determined by precipitating the grain refiners and determining the difference in the chemical oxygen demand of the bath before and after the precipitation.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer for analysis of a gaseous sample wherein only nitrogen and phosphorus containing molecules of the sample are ionized. The spectrometer is of the type having an ion source for ionizing the sample gas and a shutter for gating ions into a drift region, wherein an electric field gradient exists. The ion source includes a bead which comprises a thermally stable material, such as a ceramic or glass, having an alkali metal compound on its surface. The bead is immersed in a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and air, and is heated to a temperature of 200.degree.-1000.degree. C. The bead selectively ionizes phosphorus and nitrogen containing molecules of the sample upon contact with the bead.