Abstract: A process for improving sensitivity of a film base, coated with a dispersion of a normally crystalline polyacetylenic compound in a non-solvating liquid which is dried on the film surface, to particular photon energy band, specifically, long wavelength UV; the polyacetylenic compound preferably having at least two conjugated acetylenic linkages and containing from 12 to 60 carbon atoms. The sensitization of the film to long wavelength UV is achieved via the addition of photoinitiator(s) capable of absorbing UV energy and converting it to free radicals.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems for detecting gamma radiation is disclosed and described. A compound for detecting gamma radiation can comprise a conjugated imidazole having the following structure: [Formula I] where at least one of R1, R2, and R3 are conjugated organic groups. Additionally, the conjugated imidazole can be capable of reacting with a radical or ion formed by the reaction of gamma radiation with a radical generating component such as a halogen solvent to decrease a molar extinction coefficient of the conjugated imidazole in the visible light region or to quench fluorescence of the conjugated imidazole. As a sensor (100), a radiation detection indicator (108) can indicate the change in molar extinction coefficient or fluorescence of the conjugated imidazole material (120) upon exposure to gamma radiation.

Abstract: To measure three-dimensional dose distributions with a dosimeter, such as a gel dosimeter. In an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a gel dosimeter having water, as solvent or disperse medium, clay particles that swell with water, and recording material precursor, which are dissolved or dispersed with each other. The recording material precursor has an atom or ion, wherein the atom or ion changes its valence number by reacting with both of a radical and a molecular radical derivative. The radical is to be generated from the water ionized by irradiation of radiation rays, and the molecular radical derivative is a molecule to be formed by bonding the radicals with each other. By the time radiation rays are irradiated, the gel dosimeter has been free from a substance identical to the molecular radical derivative and has lost fluidity.

Abstract: Co-topo-polymeric indicator compositions and methods for making and using the same are provided. Indicator compositions of the invention include a polymer and undergo a color change, which may be reversible or irreversible, in response to an applied stimulus, e.g., temperature. Aspects of methods of producing the compositions include setting a fluid co-topo-polymeric precursor composition into a solid product and then subjecting the solid product (either immediately or after a delay period) to polymerizing conditions to produce the desired indicator composition. Also provided are indicator devices that include the indicator compositions of the invention. The compositions of the invention find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems for detecting gamma radiation is disclosed and described. A compound for detecting gamma radiation can comprise a conjugated imidazole having the following structure: [Formula I] where at least one of R1, R2, and R3 are conjugated organic groups. Additionally, the conjugated imidazole can be capable of reacting with a radical or ion formed by the reaction of gamma radiation with a radical generating component such as a halogen solvent to decrease a molar extinction coefficient of the conjugated imidazole in the visible light region or to quench fluorescence of the conjugated imidazole. As a sensor (100), a radiation detection indicator (108) can indicate the change in molar extinction coefficient or fluorescence of the conjugated imidazole material (120) upon exposure to gamma radiation.

Abstract: To measure three-dimensional dose distributions with a dosimeter, such as a gel dosimeter. In an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a gel dosimeter having water, as solvent or disperse medium, clay particles that swell with water, and recording material precursor, which are dissolved or dispersed with each other. The recording material precursor has an atom or ion, wherein the atom or ion changes its valence number by reacting with both of a radical and a molecular radical derivative. The radical is to be generated from the water ionized by irradiation of radiation rays, and the molecular radical derivative is a molecule to be formed by bonding the radicals with each other. By the time radiation rays are irradiated, the gel dosimeter has been free from a substance identical to the molecular radical derivative and has lost fluidity.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a microfluidic handling device is presented. One embodiment of the system includes a microfluidic synthesis cassette. Further, the system includes a synthesizer unit to receive the microfluidic synthesis cassette and execute one or more synthesis runs on the received microfluidic synthesis cassette to generate one or more radioactive doses. Also, the system includes an electronic dose tracker coupled to the microfluidic synthesis cassette to indicate a level of dose activity processed in the microfluidic synthesis cassette.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the detection of radiation-induced damage on a biomaterial using a magnetic sensor, and a magnetic sensor biochip for biodosimetry. Designed to utilize a magnetic sensor in detecting damage to biomaterials in vitro, the method and magnetic sensor biochip can accurately determine the degree of damage irrespective of the self-recovery of the organism. Thanks to their high sensitivity, the method and biochip can detect the biomaterial damage by exposure to even a low dose of radiation.

Abstract: Gel for radiation dosimeter including a gel part (A) and a gel part (B) that become cloudy when exposed to a fixed dose or more, wherein said gel part (A) exposed to more than a specified dose above the fixed dose maintains a cloudy state regardless of the decrease in external temperature; and said gel part (B) exposed to less than the specified dose above the fixed dose changes gradually from a cloudy state into a transparent state according to the decrease in external temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for determination of ionizing radiation. In some embodiments, the devices comprise nanocomposite materials containing nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes) dispersed in radiation sensitive polymers. In some cases, the device may include a conductive pathway that may be affected upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Embodiments described herein may provide inexpensive, large area, low power, and highly sensitive radiation detection materials/devices.

Abstract: A system for warning of corrosion, chemical, or radiological substances. The system comprises painting a surface with a paint or coating that includes an indicator material and monitoring the surface for indications of the corrosion, chemical, or radiological substances.

Abstract: A paint that warns of radiological or chemical substances comprising a paint operatively connected to the surface, an indicator material carried by the paint that provides an indication of the radiological or chemical substances, and a thermo-activation material carried by the paint. In one embodiment, a method of warning of radiological or chemical substances comprising the steps of painting a surface with an indicator material, and monitoring the surface for indications of the radiological or chemical substances. In another embodiment, a paint is operatively connected to a vehicle and an indicator material is carried by the paint that provides an indication of the radiological or chemical substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for determination of ionizing radiation. In some embodiments, the devices comprise nanocomposite materials containing nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes) dispersed in radiation sensitive polymers. In some cases, the device may include a conductive pathway that may be affected upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Embodiments described herein may provide inexpensive, large area, low power, and highly sensitive radiation detection materials/devices.

Abstract: First, operation data including at least acceleration data and angular velocity data is obtained from an input device including at least an acceleration sensor and a gyrosensor. Next, based on the acceleration data and the angular velocity data, a moving velocity of the input device itself and/or a relative positional relationship between the input device and a center of a rotation motion applied on the input device itself is estimated. Then, predetermined game processing is executed based on the estimated moving velocity and/or relative positional relationship.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for determination of ionizing radiation. In some embodiments, the devices comprise nanocomposite materials containing nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes) dispersed in radiation sensitive polymers. In some cases, the device may include a conductive pathway that may be affected upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Embodiments described herein may provide inexpensive, large area, low power, and highly sensitive radiation detection materials/devices.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for verifying the achievement of a desired sterility assurance level (SAL) for components manipulated within a low-energy electron beam sterilization chamber. The components are preferably pre-sterilized and connected together in an assembly fashion which creates and maintains the sterility of the connection by subjecting the components to low-energy (less than 300 KeV) electron beam radiation. The verification is completed by measuring the sterilization dose delivered to a sensor, also known as a dosimeter, positioned within the sterilization process to simulate the components.

Abstract: A method for obtaining at least one calibration filter for a Mass Spectrometry (MS) instrument system. Measured isotope peak cluster data in a mass spectral range is obtained for a given calibration standard. Relative isotope abundances and actual mass locations of isotopes corresponding thereto are calculated for the given calibration standard. Mass spectral target peak shape functions centered within respective mass spectral ranges are specified. Convolution operations are performed between the calculated relative isotope abundances and the mass spectral target peak shape functions to form calculated isotope peak cluster data. A deconvolution operation is performed between the measured isotope peak cluster data and the calculated isotope peak cluster data after the convolution operations to obtain the at least one calibration filter. Provisions are made for normalizing peak widths, combining internal and external calibration, and using selected measured peaks as standards.

Abstract: Described herein are methods directed to the use of the nanodot taggants in detection and/or simulation scenarios. The nanodot taggants are based on quantum dots and may be engineered so as to have particular emission and or absorbance spectral characteristics. The nanodots are extremely small, i.e., on the order of nanometers in size, and thus do not, in some cases, behave as particles, but rather are able to be carried along and through structures like a gas.

Abstract: A classifier to predict cellular radiation sensitivity based on gene expression profiles in thirty-five cell lines from the NCI panel of 60 cancer cell lines (NCI-60), using a novel approach to predictive gene analysis. Three novel genes are provided, retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (RbAp48), G-protein signaling regulator 19 (RGS19) and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (R5PIA) whose expression values were correlated with radiation sensitivity.

Abstract: New intracorporeal photodynamic medicaments and certain medical uses and methods for use of such photodynamic medicaments for treatment of disease in human or animal tissue are described, wherein a primary active component of such medicaments is a halogenated xanthene or halogenated xanthene derivative. In preferred embodiments, such medicaments are used for treatment of a variety of conditions affecting the skin and related organs, the mouth and digestive tract and related organs, the urinary and reproductive tracts and related organs, the respiratory tract and related organs, the circulatory system and related organs, the head and neck, the endocrine and lymphoreticular systems and related organs, various other tissues, such as connective tissues and various tissue surfaces exposed during surgery, as well as various tissues exhibiting microbial or parasitic infection.

Abstract: A system for indirectly detecting a radiation source by directly detecting radiolytic products. The radiation source emits radiation and the radiation produces the radiolytic products. A fluid is positioned to receive the radiation from the radiation source. When the fluid is irradiated, radiolytic products are produced. By directly detecting the radiolytic products, the radiation source is detected.

Abstract: The presently claimed and disclosed inventions relate, in general, to methods of radiation dosimetry and imaging using scintillation luminescence. More particularly, materials having a scintillation luminescence response to radiation that varies with total radiation dose received can be used for dosimetry monitoring, including, but not limited to nanoparticles for in vivo, real-time dosimetry. Energy-transfer nanocomposite materials as well as methods of making and using such materials in various applications including, but not limited to, in vivo radiation dosimetry and imaging, are disclosed. More particularly, the presently claimed and disclosed inventions relate to nanoparticle scintillation luminescence particles encapsulated in hosts of the general formula BaFX and BaFX:Eu2+ where X=Cl, Br and I.

Abstract: A method for obtaining at least one calibration filter for a Mass Spectrometry (MS) instrument system. Measured isotope peak cluster data in a mass spectral range is obtained for a given calibration standard. Relative isotope abundances and actual mass locations of isotopes corresponding thereto are calculated for the given calibration standard. Mass spectral target peak shape functions centered within respective mass spectral ranges are specified. Convolution operations are performed between the calculated relative isotope abundances and the mass spectral target peak shape functions to form calculated isotope peak cluster data. A deconvolution operation is performed between the measured isotope peak cluster data and the calculated isotope peak cluster data after the convolution operations to obtain the at least one calibration filter. Provisions are made for normalizing peak widths, combining internal and external calibration, and using selected measured peaks as standards.

Abstract: New intracorporeal photodynamic medicaments and certain medical uses and methods for use of such photodynamic medicaments for treatment of disease in human or animal tissue are described, wherein a primary active component of such medicaments is a halogenated xanthene or halogenated xanthene derivative. In preferred embodiments, such medicaments are used for treatment of a variety of conditions affecting the skin and related organs, the mouth and digestive tract and related organs, the urinary and reproductive tracts and related organs, the respiratory tract and related organs, the circulatory system and related organs, the head and neck, the endocrine and lymphoreticular systems and related organs, various other tissues, such as connective tissues and various tissue surfaces exposed during surgery, as well as various tissues exhibiting microbial or parasitic infection.

Abstract: High energy phototherapeutic agents or radiosensitizer agents comprised of a halogenated xanthene, or other related agents that exhibit a preference for concentration in biologically sensitive structures in diseased tissue, and methods of treating and imaging using such radiosensitizer agents in such diseased tissue are described herein.

Abstract: A method of imaging apoptosis in vivo, using radiolabeled annexin, is described.

Abstract: Oxygen isotropes are labeled from oxygen containing solids by heating the solids in a graphite crucible by induction to produce Co and/or Co2.

Abstract: Methods are provided for readily and efficiently determining resonant frequencies that can be used therapeutically or beneficially, for debilitation of specific types of genomic materials, including DNA and/or RNA, genes, and gene sections. The methods can be used in a variety of circumstances related to various human and animal diseases and conditions. Methods allow determination of therapeutic resonant frequencies for use in various media having different refractivities. Therapeutic or beneficial resonance frequencies thus determined are adapted for use with currently available frequency-emitting devices by shifting resonant frequencies to electromagnetic ranges capable of generation by such devices.

Abstract: An element for ascertaining radiation dosage comprising: a flexible polymeric support, a first coated layer, said coated layer comprising a electrically conducting material and a binder and a second coated layer, said coated layer comprising a binder and alanine wherein the alanine, upon exposure to ionizing radiation, produces radicals that remain stable for long periods of time.

Abstract: The method for screening binding between a target binder and potential pharmaceutical chemicals involves sending a solution (preferably an aqueous solution) of the target binder through a conduit to a size exclusion filter, the target binder being too large to pass through the size exclusion filter, and then sending a solution of one or more potential pharmaceutical chemicals (preferably an aqueous solution) through the same conduit to the size exclusion filter after target binder has collected on the filter. The potential pharmaceutical chemicals are small enough to pass through the filter. Afterwards, x-rays are sent from an x-ray source to the size exclusion filter, and if the potential pharmaceutical chemicals form a complex with the target binder, the complex produces an x-ray fluorescence signal having an intensity that indicates that a complex has formed.

Abstract: A method of simply and quickly determining ?-ray releasing nuclides having long half-life without carrying out a chemical separation is provided. By inputting a data of pulses incident to an ?-ray detector in a computer, obtaining time distribution of the incident pulses by using a very short time measuring timer and plotting, and fitting the linear originated in a random event corresponding to the background and the non-linear originated in the correlated events of parent nuclides-progenies by using the least squares method, the whole generating probability P (t) from the parent nuclide to the progeny thereof is obtained. By subtracting the random events portion from the P(t), the correlated events portion is extracted. The radioactivity per unit can be obtained by dividing the extracted correlated events portion by the measured time, the amount of the supplied sample and the counting efficiency.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment is a method and system for performing an automated independent technical review. The method includes receiving an assay result of a radioactive waste container, determining whether the assay result is within a predetermined parameter, determining whether a review is required if the assay result is not within the predetermined parameter and rejecting the assay result if the review is not required and the assay result is not within the predetermined parameter.

Abstract: To detect an irradiated radiation efficiently, so that the dose can be measured with high sensitivity. A photochromic material comprising an illuminant(s) which emits a light when irradiated with a radiation and a diarylethene photochromic compound(s) having a specific structure, and a color dose meter employing it.

Abstract: There is provided a method for obtaining at least one calibration filter for a Mass Spectrometry (MS) instrument system. Measured isotope peak cluster data in a mass spectral range is obtained for a given calibration standard. Relative isotope abundances and actual mass locations of isotopes corresponding thereto are calculated for the given calibration standard. Mass spectral target peak shape functions centered within respective mass spectral ranges are specified. Convolution operations are performed between the calculated relative isotope abundances and the mass spectral target peak shape functions to form calculated isotope peak cluster data. A deconvolution operation is performed between the measured isotope peak cluster data and the calculated isotope peak cluster data after the convolution operations to obtain the at least one calibration filter.

Abstract: The method for screening binding between a target binder and potential pharmaceutical chemicals involves sending a solution (preferably an aqueous solution) of the target binder through a conduit to a size exclusion filter, the target binder being too large to pass through the size exclusion filter, and then sending a solution of one or more potential pharmaceutical chemicals (preferably an aqueous solution) through the same conduit to the size exclusion filter after target binder has collected on the filter. The potential pharmaceutical chemicals are small enough to pass through the filter. Afterwards, x-rays are sent from an x-ray source to the size exclusion filter, and if the potential pharmaceutical chemicals form a complex with the target binder, the complex produces an x-ray fluorescence signal having an intensity that indicates that a complex has formed.

Abstract: An element for ascertaining radiation dosage comprising: a support on which is disposed a coated layer, said coated layer comprising a binder and alanine; wherein the alanine, upon exposure to ionizing radiation, produces radicals that remain stable for long periods.

Abstract: A film media which is sensitive to low-energy x-rays which is suitable for use for measuring exposures within the range from about 200 to 1500 rads which is the range likely to cause patient skin injury. Moreover, the film product of the present invention can be made in large sheets. Accordingly, it is suitable for use during surgical procedures and particularly for full body exposure and in those cases when the location of the point of maximum exposure is not necessarily known. The Inventive film media is composed of a first support layer of a polymeric film which is permeable to low energy x-rays and a second layer thereon of a composition comprising a microcrystalline dispersion of a substantially crystalline image receptive polyacetylenic compound, and a compound that selectively absorbs incident low energy photon radiation.

Abstract: A very sensitive dosimeter that detects ionizing radiation is described. The dosimeter includes a breakable sealed container. A solution of a reducing agent is inside the container. The dosimeter has an air-tight dosimeter body with a transparent portion and an opaque portion. The transparent portion includes a transparent chamber that holds the breakable container with the reducing agent. The opaque portion includes an opaque chamber that holds an emulsion of silver salt (AgX) selected from silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, and combinations of them. A passageway in the dosimeter provides fluid communication between the transparent chamber and the opaque chamber. The dosimeter may also include a chemical pH indicator in the breakable container that provides a detectable color change to the solution for a pH of about 3-10.

Abstract: A radiation dosimeter is described which utilizes the conversion of iodide by impinging ultraviolet or other equal or greater energy radiation in the presence of a thiosulfate moderating agent and the subsequent complexing of the iodine producing by a suitable starch to produce a color variation which is indicative of the amount of such radiation received.

Abstract: The present composition for use in radiation exposure dose-history indicators comprises a radioactive ray-absorber and/or a radioactive ray-excited fluorescence-emitting agent, a color-developing and electron-donating organic compound and an active species-generating organic compound, which can initiate the color development of the electron-donating organic compound through the application of radioactive rays. The indicator sheet for indicating the radiation exposure dose-history comprises a matrix sheet; and a color-developing layer, which contains a color-developing and electron-donating organic compound, an active species-generating organic compound, which can initiate the color development of the electron-donating organic compound through the application of radioactive rays, and a radioactive ray-absorber and/or a radioactive ray-excited fluorescence-emitting agent and which is applied to at least part of the surface of the matrix sheet.

Abstract: A self-contained signal generating device and methods for using and making the same are provided. The device and methods may detect the presence of a number of different substances, such as proteins, and utilizes a target material binding dye, which may precipitate a target material as well as stain it, and/or undergo a detectable change, e.g., an absorption or emission frequency shift, on binding of the substance to be detected.

Abstract: A reusable dosimeter for sun radiation comprising a matrix with at least one active chemical compound distributed therein, capable of reversibly changing its original color to a new color due to a chemical reaction induced by exposure to UV radiation, said matrix made of a material having transparency sufficient for visual detection the change of the original compound's color to the new color, said active chemical compound being capable of changing its color after exposure to UV radiation with an efficacy corresponding to at least 1 MED, and reverting back to its original color after being kept in the dark for about 6 hours.

Abstract: A method of imaging apoptosis in vivo, using radiolabeled annexin, is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for detecting a mammal's prior exposure to radiation or radiomimetic agents. Labeled antibodies are employed to determine the quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal. The quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal is correlated to the mammal's prior exposure.

Abstract: A disposable ultraviolet dosimeter for rapid visual estimation of cumulative exposure to UV-A and UV-B radiation.

Abstract: Persistent biological indicators of exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly nucleic acid indicators, can be employed in determining whether a subject has been exposed to ionizing radiation. Such biological indicators can be identified via the technique of differential display.

Abstract: Melanotic melanoma tumor or cells, melanin, or melanin metabolites are detected, identified, and localized when bound to texaphyrins or texaphyrin metal complexes. The present invention provides texaphyrins and texaphyrin metal complexes as reagents for in vivo or in vitro detection for melanin or melanin metabolites predictive of the presence of melanotic melanoma.

Abstract: A method for the assessment of bone fragility and osteoporosis fracture risk characterized by:measuring in vitro the concentration of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in a biological fluid sample such as serum, plasma or urine;comparing the concentration of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the test sample with the concentration in a control sample containing levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin representative of the upper limit of the normal range, concentrations above this upper limit being indicative of increased risk of bone fracture.

Abstract: To permit detection of trace unstable reaction products to clarify the reaction process of oxygenation, this invenion provides a method of introducing positron nuclide .sup.15 O as an oxygen additive into the reaction system.

Abstract: A method and materials are described for the monitoring of ionizing radiation in a location or on a person. The method comprises providing a fluorescent organic sensor material in the location where monitoring is required, the fluorescent organic sensor material having a molecular structure comprising at least one pair of fluorophore units, the units being held together by a spacer unit such that they are capable of interacting to produce a distinct fluorescence spectrum different from those of the individual fluorophore units; exposing the sensor material to the radiation; and determining any change in the fluorescence spectrum of the sensor material after exposure.