Abstract: A method, reagents, and kit for determining the levels of D-1 receptor antagonistic activity of neuroleptic drugs. The method correlates competition between analyte and tritiated R-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol for binding to D-1 receptors in mammalian brain tissue.

Abstract: An immunochemical assay, and compositions used therein, to determine the presence and/or amount of human chromogranin A, which is useful in diagnosis of disease associated with alterations in sympathoadrenal activity.

Abstract: A method of measuring the concentration of a free ligand in a biological fluid containing the free ligand and ligand bound to endogenous binding agent, by the steps of(a) mixing a sample of the fluid with an analogue of the ligand, a specific binder with which the free ligand and the ligand analogue bind, and an exogenous binding agent which binds the ligand analogue but not the ligand, either the ligand analogue or the specific binder being labelled,(b) incubating the resulting mixture,(c) determining either the amount of the labelled analogue bound or the amount of labelled specific binder bound, or not bound, to the ligand analogue, and(d) correlating the determined amount to the amount of free ligand present in the sample.The method is useful to measure concentration of free thyroid hormones and other hormones in body fluids, employing antibodies specific to the ligand analogue as the exogenous binding agents.

Abstract: A method of identifying the presence or absence of an infected state in the living body by obtaining a biological fluid sample from a living body, adding to the sample a material known to bind with immune complex, adding to samples of the resulting material labelled reagents known to react specifically with antigen portions of different immune complexes, separating excess of the reagents and detecting the presence or absence of the label in the residual mixtures thereby to identify the nature of any reacted antigen portion of immune complex therein.

Abstract: PEG-modified protein molecules characterized by reduced immunogenicity are prepared by covalent modification of the protein with PEG employing an active ester intermediate. Antibodies so modified exhibit decreased binding capacity for Fc cell surface receptors, are non-toxic and retain full antigen binding activity, and are consequently useful in a variety of immunologically-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies are provided capable of distinguishing DNA-RNA hybrid complexes from single stranded DNA and RNA and double stranded DNA and RNA. The antibodies find particular use in determining the presence of a specific nucleic acid sequence on a solid surface. Single stranded polynucleotide is fixed to a solid (gel) surface and then hybridized with the complementary probe. The hybrid complex specific monoclonal antibody is then added to bind to any hybrid complexes which have formed. By appropriate label, the hybrid complex may be visualized in a variety of ways.

Abstract: Conjugates of target-seeking biologically active molecules and metallothionein in which all or part of the metal in the metallothionein is suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the detection of proximal convoluted tubule causing diseases or kidney harmful drug monitoring by detecting the presence of shed normal proximal tubule associated antigens in a body fluid such as urine. The preferred embodiment employs an ELISA sandwich format wherein one monoclonal antibody specific for a first epitopic site on said antigen is immobilized on a solid phase and a second antibody, specific for a second epitopic site on said antigen is directly or indirectly labeled.

Abstract: An immunoassay is disclosed which measures the concentration of cyclosporin analytes in sample fluids. Also disclosed is radioiodinated cyclosporin having a specific activity greater than 50 ulCi/ug and fluorescent labeled cyclosporin, both of which is cross-reactive with cyclosporin analytes.

Abstract: A reagent for use in solid phase immunoassay diagnostics comprises a matrix of non-active hybridoma cells embedded with its self-produced, covalently bound, actively presented monoclonal antibodies.The solid phase reagent according to the invention is prepared by incubating in vitro a culture medium containing active hybridoma cells capable of producing monoclonal antibodies, allowing the formation of antibodies to proceed, separating and washing said cells, resuspending the cells in a buffer solution, adding to the resulting suspension an inactivator substance capable of converting active hybridoma cells into the non-active state.

Abstract: A process for producing an antibody having a high specificity to a first antigen and a low cross-reactivity with at least one second antigen, said first antigen comprising a desired antigenic determinant and said second antigen comprising at least one antigenic determinant which is structurally related to said desired antigenic determinant of said first antigen, which process comprises treating a mammal with a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine coupled with said second antigen whereby to induce a substantially effective immunological tolerance to said second antigen and then immunizing said mammal with said first antigen. This process results in a higher productivity of a mammal cell capable of producing said desired antibody by culturing said mammal cell, for example, by forming a hybridoma with a suitable tumor cell and implanting the hybridoma into another mammal. The antibody or antiserum of this invention may with advantage be used for immunoassay such as radioimmunoassay.

Abstract: Hybridoma for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on the peptide fragment of the B.beta. chain of human fibrinogen or fibrin I containing amino acid residues 1-42. The hybridoma is formed by fusing an animal myeloma cell, e.g., a mouse myeloma cell, with a splenocyte from an animal, e.g., a mouse, immunized with an NH.sub.2 -terminal of human fibrinogen or fibrin I. Hybridoma for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on the peptide fragment of the B.beta. chain of human fibrin II containing amino acid residues 15-42. The hybridoma is formed by fusing an animal, e.g., mouse myeloma cell with a splenocyte from an animal, e.g., mouse, immunized with a NH.sub.2 -terminal of human fibrin II. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the monoclonal antibodies are also disclosed.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies reactive to immediate early and/or early HCMV. The detection of antigens (especially HCMV antigens) by concentrating them on a support and reacting them with monoclonal antibody. The support may be a nitrocellulose membrane (immunodot). Alternatively the support may be a bead carrying a different monoclonal antibody, the two antibodies reacting with different epitopic sites on the antigenic protein. The use of HCMV monoclonal antibody in distinguishing between HCMV-specific IgM and IgG.

Abstract: Polypeptides, polynucleotide sequences, DNA constructs and compositions are provided for the preparation and use of polypeptides associated with naturally occurring polypeptides found in brains. The small molecular weight polypeptides are growth inhibitors for neoplastic cells without inhibiting normal cells. The polypeptides comprise specific regions which are highly conserved, separated by less conserved regions. The polypeptides find use in inhibiting neoplastic growth and detecting receptors for the polypeptides. Antibodies are provided in conjunction with the polypeptides, which may be used together or separately for detecting the presence of the neoplastic cell retarding polypeptides.

Abstract: A method for rapidly determining the presence of functional cellular steroid receptors by assaying a tissue sample for nuclear steroid binding is disclosed which comprises treating the tissue with collagenase, incubating the isolated cells with a labelled steroid capable of complexing said receptors and measuring the bound radioactivity and the DNA of the isolated cellular nuclei.

Abstract: A derivative of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine having the following general formula: ##STR1## in which m is an integer from 2 to 4, n is an integer from 1 to 4, and R is a monovalent, unsubstituted, fully unsaturated five- or six-membered monocyclic heterocyclic group containing either one or two nitrogen atoms as the only hetero atoms.

Abstract: Retroviruses associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), including Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV), are isolated from the sera of patients afflicted with Lymphadenopathy Syndrome (LAS) or AIDS. LAV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Viral extract, structural proteins and other fractions of the retrovirus immunologically recognize the sera of such patients. Immunological reaction is used to detect antibodies that specifically bind to antigenic sites of the retrovirus in samples of body fluids from patients with AIDS or risk of AIDS. A kit for in vitro assay of LAS or AIDS is provided.

Abstract: An immunoassay for diagnosing and monitoring human breast cancer. The assay employs a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a human mammary tumor virus derived from the T47D clone-10 breast cancer cell line (HMTV). The monoclonal antibody is produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under ATCC Accession No. HB 8630.When the immunoassay is performed on a tissue sample from a subject, the sample is contacted with monoclonal antibody ATCC Accession No. HB 8630 so as to form an antibody-antigen complex between the monoclonal antibody and any HMTV antigens which may be present in the sample. This antibody-antigen complex is then detected employing a second detectable antibody specific to the first monoclonal antibody. The presence or absence of the complex indicates the presence or absence of breast cancer in the subject.

Abstract: Certain substituted adenosines have been found to selectively occupy A.sub.1 adenosine receptors found in animal brain tissues.

Abstract: Early pregnancy can be determined by detection of a protein in milk, which protein is associated with the placental membrane. The protein is characterized by having an approximate molecular weight of 47,000 to 53,000 and an isoelectric point of from about 4.0-4.4.

Abstract: A method for determining the presence of an antigen in a liquid sample. The method includes incubating the sample with an antibody which specifically binds an epitope on the antigen in the presence of a given quantity of an anti-idiotype antibody which specifically binds an epitope on the hypervariable region of the antibody. Also, a method of producing a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody by fusing lymphocytes from an animal in which a tumor capable of secreting idiotype antibodies has been grown, with myeloma cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the immunoassay of a substance, such as an antigen, a hapten or an antibody.This process comprises the following stages:(1) contacting a sample containing the substance to be assayed with a labelled immunoactive reagent specific to said substance, the immunoactive reagent quantity being such that the substance to be assayed is in excess compared with that labelled immunoactive reagent;(2) contacting at least part of the thus obtained reaction medium with a solid phase, to which is fixed an immunoactive reagent specific to the substance to be assayed;(3) separating the reaction medium from the solid phase; and(4) determining the labelled immunoactive reagent content of the solid phase.This process is more particularly applicable to the assaying of lipoprotein and in this case use is made of an antibody labelled by an enzyme, such as the Raifort peroxidase. It is also possible to assay .alpha.-foetoprotein by using monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract: An immunoreagent useful to diagnose Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is provided. The immunoreagent comprises tracer tagged antibodies which are selectively reactive with lymphoid cells of AIDS infected tissue. The antibodies are obtained from marmoset monkeys which are either afflicted with or have recovered from Marmoset wasting syndrome. The immunoreagent is employed in a method to diagnose AIDS in a suspected carrier. The method involves admixing the immunoreagent such as marmoset serum or purified immunoglobulins together with lymphoid tissue samples taken from the suspected carrier. After incubating the admixture under appropriate conditions favorable for the formation of an immune complex, the samples are assayed for a positive immune reaction.

Abstract: A procedure for detecting malignancy includes culturing human colon tumor cells in a capillary system. A rabbit is immunized with byproducts of the culture. An antibody produced in the rabbit is labeled with .sup.125 I using lactoperoxidase according to a known method. Blood samples are drawn from a being to be tested. The drawn blood is processed to produce serum. The immune complexes are removed from the serum with purified protein A from the Staphlococcus Aureus Cowan strain. The removed immunocomplexes are dissociated with 0.2M glycene/HCl pH 2.8. The labeled antibody is combined with the antigen component of the immunocomplex to produce a new labeled immunocomplex. The newly formed immunocomplex is precipitated with PEG 6000. The newly formed labeled immunocomplexes are counted in a gamma auto counter.

Abstract: A method for detecting a minute quantity of an inorganic or organic target molecule by combining it with a composition of a detecting agent for the target molecule which carries, by direct or indirect means, a visualization polymer. The visualization polymer is composed of multiple units of a visualization monomer which are covalently linked together directly or indirectly covalently linked together by coupling agents which bond to chemical groups of the monomer. The monomer may be an enzyme, a tagged polypeptide, a tagged polyol, a tagged polyolefin or a tagged carbohydrate. The detecting agent may be an antibody, an enzyme, a lectin, strand of a DNA receptor protein, avidin, streptavidin and the like. The visualization polymer produces a high degree of amplification for the detection of the target molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of testing for the presence of cancer. An antibody is produced which contains antibodies specific to a modified nucleoside component. The antibody is admixed with a body fluid drawn from a subject mammal. An immunoassay is performed on the admixture to quantify an amount of cancer associated nucleoside present in the fluid and reactive with the antibody.

Abstract: A process of preparing a hybridoma secreting oncofetal-specific monoclonal antibodies, which comprises: (a) immunizing an animal with immunizing amounts of a non-proliferating syngeneic mid-gestation fetal cell preparation; (b) isolating immunized animal lymphocytes; and (c) fusing the lymphocytes under appropriate fusion conditions with an immortalizing cell line to thereby obtain the hybridoma.

Abstract: A substituted aldosterone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is --S(CH.sub.2).sub.m COR.sup.3 or --OCO(CH.sub.2).sub.n COR.sup.3, provided that when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, R.sup.2 is --S(CH.sub.2).sub.m COR.sup.3 or --OCO(CH.sub.2).sub.n COR.sup.3 and when R.sup.2 is hydrogen, R.sup.1 is --S(CH.sub.2).sub.m COR.sup.3 ; m being an integer from 1 to 3, n being an integer from 1 to 5 and R.sup.3 being hydroxyl, lower alkoxy or a residue of tyramine, tyrosine lower alkyl ester, histamine, histidine, 7-aminoheptanoyltyrosine lower alkyl ester or .beta.-D-galactosidase as optionally iodinated, or its (18-20)-acetal 20,21-ketonide, which is useful as the reagent in determination of aldosterones by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptide compounds, of which the chemical structure is related to that of the polypeptide hormone having a thymic activity, isolated from the blood serum of pig, and the application of these novel compounds for therapeutic purposes. This invention also relates to intermediates useful in preparing the active compounds of the invention.

Abstract: Compounds useful in a simultaneous multiple assay for analytes such as steroids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates or drugs. The compound or compounds are prepared by labelling an individual analyte with a radioisotope through a chelating agent to form a coordinated compound. The assay uses one or more chelated labelled analytes with one or more labelled analytes wherein each radioisotope is different.

Abstract: A new technique is disclosed for assaying for the presence of invasive cancer. While based on leukocyte adherence inhibition, it is improved by using relatively long lived radio-labeled leukocytes, fractionation of the leukocytes to separately treat T-cells and monocytes and by providing for human plasma or serum in the incubation medium.

Abstract: Human cancer is diagnosed/monitored by measuring the levels of certain modified nucleosides, such as N-[(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine, in the urine of a subject by a quantitative immunoassay that preferably employs a monoclonal anti-modified nucleoside antibody and comparing that level to the level of the modified nucleoside that occurs in the urine of normal subjects to determine whether the former is substantially elevated over the latter or by comparing that level to the level of the modified nucleoside present in urine specimens taken from the subject at different times.

Abstract: A procedure for the immobilization of proteins on polystyrene surfaces which includes a pre-treatment of the polystyrene surface with a bis-diazonium compound of the general formula I where ##STR1## R1 stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a nitro group and whereR2 stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group and where X stands for an anion and the subsequent adsorption of the protein on the surface pretreated.Proteins immobilized by its procedure may be used in immunoassays.

Abstract: A radioimmunoassay method for the determination of brain antigens or protein such as S-100 responsible for neurological disorders is disclosed. The method involves preparing a standard blood plasma or serum formulation containing substantially none of the protein being assayed and approximately the average degree of non-specific competitive binding found in the unknown blood sample and mixing known quantities of the protein being assayed with the standard blood formulation to provide a reference standard. The unknown blood sample is then mixed with a radioactively labeled sample of the protein being assayed and an antibody capable of immunoreactivity with the protein, the mixture is incubated, the antibody bound protein is separated from the unbound protein and the relative amounts of antibody bound and unbound protein are determined.

Abstract: There are provided bifunctional chelating agents, which are analogues of EDTA, conjugates of same with a variety of haptens and conjugates of such conjugates with haptens with certain metals, forming metal complexes. The metal complexes have a variety of uses, among these various assays for the determination of haptens and macromolecules. There is also provided a process for the production of the above. There are provided radioimmunoassays based on the above conjugates with metal cations.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out analyses comprising at least one incubation step and at least one separation step for separating a liquid phase from a phase, which is insoluble in said liquid phase. The apparatus comprises a plurality of reaction vessels (2), making it possible to simultaneously carry out similar working sequences with reaction mixtures in the separate reaction vessels, each of which has a porous bottom (3) connected to a separate chamber (8), the reaction vessels being able to retain the reaction mixture during the incubation steps. According to the invention, there is provided a pressure regulating system, which creates a higher relative pressure in the chambers (8) than in the reaction vessels (2). This pressure difference prevents leakage from the reaction vessels to the chambers.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies specific for thyroxine (T.sub.4) are produced by two new and separate hybridoma cell lines. Combinations of the monoclonal antibodies from the two cell lines are used in an immunoassay for T.sub.4 of high accuracy over the range of T.sub.4 concentrations encountered in serum samples.

Abstract: An emulsion (in which an aqueous medium contains small liquid droplets coated with a protein that will interact specifically with a select protein) is mixed with a liquid sample, time is allowed for interaction to occur and the mixture is then exposed to a tagged antibody specific to the select protein. After an appropriate hold time the emulsion is broken and the protein that previously covered the disperse droplets becomes concentrated at the surface. The surface is checked for the presence of the tagged antibodies to establish the presence of absence of the select protein.

Abstract: Radioimmunossays for the quantitation of serum thymic factor (FTS), a thymic peptide hormone, are disclosed. Each assay employs an antibody specific for FTS, the monoclonal antibody or the antibody from the antiserum of a host animal; synthetic FTS or FTS analogue as the hormone standard; and a radiolabeled FTS analogue as the tracer. Also disclosed is a method of treating serum or other biological fluid prior to assay of FTS to remove interfering substances.

Abstract: Process for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a sample of serum or plasma. The process comprises contacting a slightly acidic buffered sample of the serum or plasma with hydrophilic silica at room temperature, separating the silica from the sample and carrying out a radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen on said sample.

Abstract: A process and apparatus has been developed for radioassay of ligand in solution which eliminates the separation step required in conventional techniques. A chamber is provided containing a quenching solution, a plurality of ligand molecules and a plurality of receptor molecules. One of pluralities forms a free species labelled with a beta particle emitter while the other is immobilized on a solid support, e.g., the chamber wall or a microbead, within the chamber. Ligand introduced with the sample competes with ligand molecules already in the chamber for receptor sites on the receptor molecules and the free species is allowed to diffuse about the chamber. A beta particle detector in communication with the chamber at a fixed position detects only those beta particles emitted from within the quenching distance of the quenching solution. The quenching properties of the solution are used in place of the conventional separation step.

Abstract: A convenient immunoassay for detecting the presence of oligomeric forms of peptides and proteins is described. The assay employs the sandwich technique with a monoclonal antibody selective for a single epitope on the peptide or protein bound to a solid phase and the same monoclonal antibody labeled with a detectable label in the solution phase.

Abstract: An assay and kit for the detection and quantitative determination of interferon. The assay is based on the exposure of certain cells to a solution containing the interferon which is to be determined, infecting the cells with a certain virus, incubating for a predetermined period of time, lysing the infected cultures and determining the virus protein. The measurement of the virus proteins can be effected by ELISA or radioimmunoassay.

Abstract: An improved immunoassay method, reagent means, test kit, and test device for determining an iodothyronine, e.g., thyroxine (T-4), in a biological fluid, usually serum or plasma, wherein 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (HMS), or a salt thereof, is employed as a blocking agent for the binding of iodothyronines to thyroxine binding protein (TBP). The present invention is particularly advantageous as applied to homogeneous competitive binding iodothyronine immunoassays employing labels which are participants in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Such labels include enzyme substrates, coenzymes, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme prosthetic groups, and enzymes.

Abstract: Small liquid droplets, coated with protein, the protein coating containing molecules of protein that will interact specifically with a select protein, are contacted with a liquid sample to determine the presence or absence of the select protein therein depending upon whether the droplets agglutinate.

Abstract: A process for `unmasking` delta antigen in the blood of an animal, known or caused to be infected with the antigen. The process involves treating serum from the animal with a surfactant and optionally with an antibody--antigen dissociating agent. The blood derived delta antigen is used as a diagnostic agent in the detection and determination of different classes of antibodies to hepatitis D. virus (delta agent) by enzyme-immunoassay and radio-immunoassay.

Abstract: An improved radioimmunoassay test method and device based upon competitive binding test methods wherein immunoreactions are halted at a time when the rate of change of the quantity of bound radiolabeled analyte of interest is inversely proportional to the concentration of analyte of interest in an unknown sera. Based thereon, a test device is created having a single calibration curve 36 which is accurate throughout the shelf life of the device.

Abstract: HBcAb in a biological fluid is adsorbed on a surface which is then coated with BSA. The coated surface is then incubated first in the sample and then in the presence of radiolabelled HBcAb.

Abstract: There is presented a novel immunological element suitable for an immunological assay of an antigen according to the so called two antibody method, which element having two separate sheets, one being a sheet for reaction in which the reaction for formation of antigen-antibody bounds is carried out and the antigen-antibody bounds formed are immobilized, the other being a F receptor sheet in which unreacted free labelled antigen is transferred at a controlled rate to be received for analysis. This element enables separation between the bounds and the free labelled antigen by a simple operation without cumbersome separation procedures and is also excellent in storability.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the concentration of pregnanediol glucuronide (PG) in a woman's urine which is characterized by utilization of the reagent 20.alpha.-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-.alpha. reagent) in a form in which it reacts with antibodies binding to PG. The method is adaptable to a visual color indication test which can be performed by the woman herself as well as by laboratory analysis. The method can be used to define the period in which conception can occur, to define a post-ovulation safe period in which conception is prevented, and as an early pregnancy indicator.