Abstract: The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: A process that directly converts carbohydrates, particularly biomass derived carbohydrates and more specifically biomass (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass), to furfural-/HMF-ketone adducts for liquid hydrocarbon production under mild conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: Methods, a lubricant composition, and a fuel composition for lubricating a two-stroke internal combustion engine include a lubricant composition that contains (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (B) an additive composition, and (C) a normally liquid solvent having a kinematic viscosity of less than 5 cSt at 100° C. The lubricant composition improves the cleanliness of a power valve of a two-stroke engine.

Abstract: A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) at least one non-metal-containing additive, comprising a nitrogen-containing dispersant having a total base number of at least about 90 are useful for lubricating an internal combustion engine. The lubricants have less than 1.0% sulfated ash and a total base number of at least about 8.5, and at least 30% of the total base number of the composition is provided by non-metal-containing additives. The lubricants exhibit a high TBN without deterioration of elastomeric seals.

Abstract: An imidazoline compound comprising the reaction product of (i) a dicarbonyl, (ii) a primary amine moiety of a polyamine, and (iii) a hydrocarbyl carbonyl is disclosed. Lubricant and fuel additive compositions comprising the imidazoline compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of improving the compatibility of a fuel additive composition comprising blending together the following components:

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrocarbon polymer having attached thereto pendant groups Aa and Bb wherein each A is independently selected from members of the group consisting of: groups of the formula and each B is independently selected from members of the group of formula: wherein each X is independently O, S, or NRb, and each Z is independently a group of the formula Ra is an ethylene group, a propylene group, which groups optionally have hydrocarbyl or hydroxyhydrocarbyl substituents, or wherein J is H, SH, NH2, or OH, and tautomers thereof; a is 0 or a number ranging from 1 to about 50, and b is a number ranging from 1 to about 30; wherein each of the groups is defined in greater detail herein.

Abstract: A description is given of products obtainable by reacting components a), b), c) and, if desired, d), where component a) is a compound of the formula I or a mixture of compounds of the formula I, component b) is a compound of the formula II or a mixture of compounds of the formula II, component c) is a component of the formula IIIa and/or of the formula IIIb or a mixture of compounds of the formula IIIa and/or IIIb, and component d) is a compound of the formula IV or a mixture of compounds of the formula IV, in which the general symbols are as defined therein, where the compound of the formula I is, for example, pentaerythritol, thiodiethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol or glycerol, the compound of the formula II is, for example, methyl 3-(3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionate or methyl 3-(3′-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)-pro

Abstract: A fuel composition for two-cycle engines comprising a major amount of fuel boiling in the gasoline range and a minor amount of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an additive formulation comprising (1) a molybdenum/sulfur complex of a basic nitrogen compound, (2) a carboxylic acid amide, and (3) a succinimide.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted C4 to C10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid, anhydrides or esters, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, preferably made by reacting polymer of C2 to C10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 1500 to 5,000, preferably with a C4 to C10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 1.05 to 1.25 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting materials are useful per se as oil additives, or may be further reacted with amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, boric acid, etc. to form dispersants.

Abstract: The lubricity (anti-wear properties) of fuels, for example hydrocarbon fuels, oxygenated fuels or mixtures thereof, particularly diesel or aviation fuels having reduced sulphur and/or aromatic content for compliance with regulator requirements, is improved by addition of at least a product which can be obtained by reacting components a), b) and c), where component a) is a compound of the formula I or a mixture of compounds of the formula I, component b) is a compound of the formula II or a mixture of compounds of the formula II and component c) is a compound of the formula III or a mixture of compounds of the formula III, in which the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, the compound of the formula I being, for example, pentaerythritol, thiodiethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-propanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethanolamine or glycerol, the compound of the formula II being, for example, sunflower oil or coconut fat, and the compound of the formula III being, for ex

Abstract: A carboxylic composition comprising hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acylating agents prepared by reacting a polyolefin and a terpolymer, simultaneously or individually in any order, with at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5 (IV) wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof, derivatives of the foregoing carboxylic compositions, with one or more of (1) an amine characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN<group; (2) an alcohol; (3) a reactive metal or a reactive metal compound; and (4) a mixture of two or more of (1) through (3); the components of (4) being reacted with the mixture of carboxylic acylating agents simultaneously or sequentially, in any order, and additive concentrates and lubricating oil and fuel compositions containing these compositions.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of a polyalkenyl derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The polyalkenyl derivative is produced by reacting an unsaturated acidic reagent with a polyalkene in the presence of a strong acid. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin.

Abstract: Low sulfur content fuel compositions containing additive compounds are described which exhibit improved lubricity. The additive compounds include a carboxylic acid substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, derivatives of the carboxylic acid substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an ester which is the reaction product of a carboxylic acid which does not contain any hydroxy-substitution in the acid backbone and an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Substituted carboxylic acylating agents formed by reacting an olefin with a carboxylic reactant are further reacted with .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic compositions to form substituted carboxylic acylating agents. The substituted carboxylic acylating agents are further reacted with various compounds to form especially dispersants for use in oil compositions.

Abstract: A process of improving the combustion of fuel and/or improving the oxidation of carbonaceous products derived from the combustion or pyrolysis of fuel is described. The process comprises adding to the fuel before the combustion thereof a composition comprising a mixture of organo-metallic complexes, characterised in that the organo-metallic complexes only consist of Group I and Group II organo-metallic complexes and wherein the composition comprises at least one Group I organo-metallic complex and at least one Group II organo-metallic complex.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1800 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has a Mn of from 2000 to 4800, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having an average of from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 1.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.0 moles of polyamine per equivalent of alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative plus unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Polyalkylene amine coupled heterocyclic compounds are effective multifunctional additives, providing cleanliness to fuels and lubricants as well as anti-wear, friction-modifying, thermal and oxidative stabilizing properties. The beneficial effects of the product of the instant invention apparently result from an internal synergism between the polyalkylene amine groups and the heterocyclic groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective mount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.

Abstract: Additive formulation for engine fuels incorporating at least one constituent (A) and at least one constituent (B), constituent(A) consisting of at least one composition incorporating products resulting from the reaction of at least one dicarboxylic compound(D), whose carboxylic functions are separated by at the most eight carbon atoms, with at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol or glycol mono-ether (E) of general formula (I):R.sup.1 --O--(R.sup.2 --O).sub.n --H,in which R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 60; and constituent (B) consisting of at least one detergent-dispersant product. This formulation preferably also comprises a constituent (C) chosen from within the group formed by mineral or synthetic lubricating oils and polyglycols soluble in the fuel.

Abstract: The novel polymers of the present invention are prepared by reacting a heterocyclic nitrogen compound containing at least one --N(H)-- group in the ring, an aldehyde and amino-substituted polymer (e.g., an ethylene alpha-olefin interpolymer substituted by primary amino or secondary amino groups) to form an oil soluble Mannich base derivative useful as antioxidant additive in oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils and fuels. Preferred heterocyclic nitrogen compound are azoles such as benzotriazoles and alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles. Preferred amino-substituted interpolymers comprise amino-substituted ethylene propylene norbornene terpolymers. The polymers of this invention are oil soluble and are useful as dispersants, viscosity index improver dispersants, and as antiwear and antioxidant additives in oleaginous compositions.

Abstract: The novel polymers of the present invention are prepared by reacting a heterocyclic nitrogen compound containing at least one --N(H)-- group in the ring, an aldehyde N-containing polymer adduct (e.g., an ashless nitrogen-containing dispersant or polyolefin-substituted amine) to form an oil soluble Mannich base derivative useful as dispersant, antiwear and antioxidant additive in oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils and fuels. Preferred heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are azoles such as benzotriazoles and alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles. The polyolefin-substituted amine can comprises the reaction product of a polyamine and halogenated long chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition resulting, in a first stage, from the reaction of at least one alkenyl or polyalkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride on at least one 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoline substituted in the 2-position by a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical, with 1 to 25 atoms of carbon in an imidazoline to succinic derivative molar ratio of 0.1:1 to 0.9:1 with the removal of at least 0.15 mole of water per mole of imidazoline, and then, in a second stage, from the reaction of the product obtained in the first stage on at least one polyamine in an amount representing at least 0.1 mole per mole of the succinic derivative utilized in the first stage.Also disclosed are methods for the utilization of these compositions as multifunction additives in engine fuels having as a base hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons and at least one oxygen compound selected from the group constituted by alcohols and ethers.

Abstract: Formulations of additives for engine fuels comprising at least one constituent (A) and one constituent (B) resulting from the reaction of at least one alkenyl or polyalkenyl-succinic derivative with at least one polyamine to form constituent (A) and with at least one 1-(2-hydroethyl) imidazoline substituted in the 2-position by a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 1 to 25 atoms of carbon to form constituent (B). The preferred formulations also contain a constituent (C) consisting of at least one polyglycol soluble in said fuel, with an average molecular mass ranging from 480 to 2,100. The (A)/(B) and (A)+(B)/(C) molar ratios preferably are respectively 0.2/1 to 5/1 and 0.05/1 and 20/1.

Abstract: An additive for fuel compositions. The additive comprises the reaction product of an alkenyl succinimide selected from the group consisting of mono-succinimides, bis-succinimides, and mixtures thereof, with iminodiacetic acid or an ethylenediamine carboxy acid. The reaction product finds particular utility as a fuel detergent.