Abstract: This invention provides a fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a fuel oil and a minor amount of an additive comprising at least one fuel oil-soluble alkyl or alkoxy aromatic compound wherein at last one group independently selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms is attached to an aromatic nucleus and at least one carboxyl group and optionally one or two hydroxyl groups are attached to the aromatic nucleus; a process for the preparation of such a fuel oil composition; and the use of such a fuel oil composition as fuel in a compression-ignition engine for controlling wear rate in the fuel injection system thereof.

Abstract: Specific substituted aromatic ester compounds are useful as lubricity additives for middle distillate fuel oils.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrogenated block diene polymer and saturated hydrocarbon mixture as a cold flow improver in an oil.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and a fuel consumption reducing amount of a fuel additive composition comprising: (a) at least one amine compound selected from the group consisting of: (1) a fuel-soluble aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom where the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000, and (2) a poly(oxyalkylene)amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene)amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range; and (b) an ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the carboxylic acid has from one to about four carboxylic acid groups and from about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms and the polyhydric alcohol has from about 2 to about 50 carbon atoms and from about 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of a FI.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of an FI and 0.002 to 0.1 wt % of lubricity improver.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition containing ethanol, n-propanol or mixtures thereof together with a non-hydroxy fatty acid and organic ester is described. A miscible fuel blend composition containing the fuel additive composition and diesel oil, gas oil or a mixture thereof, as well as a process for preparing the fuel blend composition is also described.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and a fuel additive composition comprising (a) about 15 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of an aromatic ester of a polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, (b) about 30 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of a poly(oxyalkylene) amine, and (c) about 30 to 2,000 parts per million by weight of an aromatic di- or tri-carboxylic acid ester; wherein the total amount of components (a) and (b) is at least about 70 parts per million by weight, and further wherein the weight ratio of component (c) to the total amount of components (a) and (b) is at least about 0.25 to 1. The fuel compositions of this invention are useful for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) an aromatic ester compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and(b) an aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 400 to about 1,000.The fuel additive compositions of this invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a lubricity enhancing additive in combination with a polyoxyalkylene compound.

Abstract: This invention provides a fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a fuel oil and a minor amount of an additive comprising at least one fuel oil-soluble alkyl or alkoxy aromatic compound wherein at least one group independently selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms is attached to an aromatic nucleus and at least one carboxyl group and optionally one or two hydroxyl groups are attached to the aromatic nucleus; a process for the preparation of such a fuel oil composition; and the use of such a fuel oil composition as fuel in a compression-ignition engine for controlling wear rate in the fuel injection system thereof.

Abstract: A polyol ester distillate fuel additive exhibits improved lubricity and friction and wear performance. The ester has between about 1% and about 35% unconverted hydroxyl groups and is characterized as having a hydroxyl number from about 5 to about 180.

Abstract: Fuel oil compositions containing specific mixtures of esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids show improved lubricity properties.

Abstract: Carboxylic esters of the formula IR.sup.1 --CO--O--R.sup.2 I,whereR.sup.1 is an aliphatic, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having alkyl side chains and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 5000 andR.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula II ##STR1## where R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hyrogen, branched or straight-chain alkyl, an aromatic radical or an araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, independently of one another, are each branched or straight-chain alkyl or an aromatic or araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,X is O, S, NR.sup.9 or PR.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical,n and m, independently of one another, are each from 2 to 20, andx is from 0 to 30,are used as fuel additives or lubricant additives, and fuel compositions or lubricant compositions contain these additives.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a lubricity enhancing additive in combination with an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer.

Abstract: This invention provides alkoxy acetic acid derivatives of general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R is the residue of an amine, an aminoalcohol or a polyol linked to the or each --CHR'--CO-- moiety via an amide or ester linkage;R' is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group;R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 300 carbon atoms;one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the other of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being independently selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;m is from 3 to 200;n is from 0 to 20, provided that m/n is at least 1; andp is from 1 to 5; a process for their preparation; and their incorporation in additive concentrates and fuel compositions for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl poly(oxyalkylene) ethers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --OCHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to about 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms, alkaryl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms; or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl polyalkyl esters having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; and R.sub.3 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000.The substituted biphenyl polyalkyl esters of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive composition comprising a mixture of a dispersant and a carrier, preferably a liquid carrier fluid. The dispersant comprises at least one member of the group consisting of polyalkylene succinimides and polyalkylene amines, the polyalkylene succinimides being the reaction product of polyalkylene succinic anhydride and a polyamine, the polyalkylene amine being the reaction product of a polyalkylene moiety and amine selected from the group consisting of monoamine and polyamine. The carrier comprises at least one oxygenate selected from the group consisting of polyalkoxylated ether, polyalkoxylated phenol, polyalkoxylated ester and polyalkoxylated amine. The additive composition reduces injector deposits in internal combustion-compression ignition engines.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising: (a) an aromatic ester compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1;R.sub.1, is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and(b) a poly(oxyalkylene) amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene) amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel fuel range.The fuel additive compositions of this invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic esters having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a polyalkyl group having a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.The polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic esters of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A poly(oxyalkylene) ester of a substituted polyphenylether having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is amino, aminomethyl, cyano, nitro, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.1 -CHR.sub.2 - unit; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl having about 1 to about 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms; x is an integer from about 1 to about 10, y is an integer from 0 to about 10; and z is an integer from about 1 to about 100.

Abstract: There are herein disclosed an additive for a lubricant or a fuel which comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of substituted hydroxyaromatic ester derivatives represented by the general formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are each an organic group having 6 or more carbon atoms, a, b, d, e, k and m are from 1 to 3, c, f, g, i and j are from 0 to 3, and h is from 0 to 4, but (f+g) is from 1 to 3, and (h+i) is from 1 to 6, an additive composition for a lubricant or a fuel, and a lubricating oil composition or a fuel composition containing the above-mentioned additive.The above-mentioned additive for the lubricant or the fuel is desirable as an ashless detergent excellent in high-temperature stability in place of a metal detergent, and the lubricating oil composition or the fuel composition containing this additive can suitably be used as the lubricant or the fuel for an internal combustion engine which can comply with future exhaust gas controls.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## and fuel soluble salts thereof; wherein R.sup.1 is nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and x is 0 or 1; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, or --NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and R is a polyalkyl or polyalkyloxycarbonyl group. The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A polyether esteramide reaction product effective as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and octane requirement increase, as well as controlling combustion chamber deposits, in gasoline engines is disclosed together with fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. The polyether esteramide reaction product contains two carbonyl groups. Preferably, the polyether esteramide contains an oxalyl group. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for dispersing deposits in lubricating oil products.

Abstract: Aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ethers having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.The poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ethers of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is amino, lower alkylamino or dialkylamino, or a polyamine radical; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; x is an integer from 0 to 10; n is an integer from 0 to 100; and when n is 0 to 10, R.sub.5 is polyalkyl having an average molecular weight of 450 to 5,000; and when n is 5 to 100, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 100; and when n is 0 to 10, R.sub.5 is polyalkyl having an average molecular weight of 450 to 5,000; and when n is 5 to 100, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl; R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; A.sub.2 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; and x and y are independently integers from 0 to 10; with the proviso that when n and x are both 0, then A.sub.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising (a) gasoline, (b) a deposit inhibitor or a detergent containing a basic nitrogen atom, (c) a carrier oil, and (d) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an ester of a fatty acid and an alkylene oxide addition compound to bisphenol, a compound obtained by the ester exchange reaction of an alcohol and a triglyceride-type fat or oil, an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, a metal salt of an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, an ester of an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid and an alcohol, and an ester of boric acid. The composition has superior heat resistance and is excellent in removing deposits in the fuel intake systems and in keeping the systems clean.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ether having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10; and(b) an aliphatic amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and containing a hydrocarbyl group which has sufficient molecular weight and carbon chain length to render the aliphatic amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ester having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## where A.sub.1 is a thioether, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, a nitrile, a carboxylic acid or ester, or a carboxamide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic esters having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x and y are each independently an integer from 0 to 10.The poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic esters of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition that is useful as a penetration and fixture freeing agent. Specifically, the composition aids in the freeing of metal fixtures, such as hardware. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is a combination of a lower alkyl aromatic carboxylic acid ester, a lower alkyl alcohol, and a light petroleum distillate vehicle or carrier. In a highly preferred embodiment, the composition is methyl salicylate, isopropanol, and kerosene.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ether having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10; and(b) a poly(oxyalkylene) amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene) amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel fuel range.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ester having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuels, especially diesel fuel compositions, contain alpha-ketocarboxylate additives such as methyl pyruvate to reduce particulate emissions therefrom when combusted in an internal combustion engine. The additives are preferably non-aromatic and metals-free.

Abstract: Ester derivatives useful as fuels and lubricating oil additives are prepared by the Michael addition of an alkyl acrylate to an amine to produce an intermediate ester, followed by an ester interchange with the intermediate ester to produce the final ester derivatives, some of which are novel compounds.

Abstract: Motor fuel compositions comprising gasoline are improved to control octane requirement increase (ORI) by including an ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyether polyol, preferably a polyether polyol including oxyethylene, oxypropylene and oxybutylene segments.

Abstract: A product formed by heating (A) a mixture of a carboxylic acid ester and a fatty acid oxyalkylated amine derivative selected from fatty acid amides, fatty acid esters, fatty acid ester-amides of such oxyalkylated amine, and mixtures thereof with (B) sulfur or a sulfur source at an elevated temperature at which sulfurization occurs. Such products are effective as oil additives in inhibiting excessive wear and sludge formation. And they possess excellent compatibility with oils of lubricating viscosity, such as mineral oils used as crankcase lubricating oil base stocks.

Abstract: The use as an additive to improve the low temperature properties of distillate fuels having a cloud point (wax appearance temperature) above 0.degree. C. and containing more than 5 wt. % wax at 10.degree. C. below the cloud point (wax appearance temperature) of a mixture of a comb polymer together with a poly-alkyl ester, ether, ester/ether of a polyhydroxy compound.

Abstract: A method of dehazing a contained body of petroleum distillate by removing suspended water droplets from the distillate phase, or releasing free water trapped in an emulsion settled from the distillate phase, a detergent having been added to the petroleum distillate, comprising the step of adding to the distillate an effective amount of a vinyl copolymer which includes both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer.

Abstract: Process for the prevention of reduction of deposits in carburetors, injection devices or similar devices of engines, which are operated with alcohol fuels comprising 99.9 to 75 Vol.-% methanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof and at least one corrosion inhibitor characterized in that one or several polyol ethers are added to the alcohol fuels in a quantity of 15 ppm up to 1 weight-%, whereby the polyol ether(s) has (have) the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is H, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, polyunsaturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 - alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 - cycloalkyl, mono- or bicyclo-C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl, unsubstituted or substituted, R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and R.sub.3 is OR.sub.5, SR.sub.5, N(R.sub.5).sub.2, wherein R.sub.5 is H, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, mono- and bicyclo-C.sub.6 -C.sub.