Abstract: The invention describes a method of treating a halogen lamp (1) comprising a filament (4) supported by legs (3, 3?) in a vitreous bulb (2) enclosing a halogenated hydrocarbon fill gas (G), which method comprises applying heat and/or radiation to the lamp (1)—prior to initial operation of the lamp (1)—from a source (S1, S2) external to the lamp (1), so that the halogenated hydrocarbon fill gas (G) is cracked and carbon is deposited essentially at a specific region (R1, R2) of the lamp (1), whereby the specific region (R1, R2) of the lamp (1) is a region in the lamp (1) other than the legs (3, 3?) of the filament (4) of the lamp (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp of the ceramic metal halide type of the Philips MasterColor® series having power ranges of about 150 W to about 1000 W. Such lamps are provided with a discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space. The discharge vessel has a ceramic wall and is closed by a ceramic plug. An electrode which is located inside the discharge space is connected to an electric conductor by way of a leadthrough element. The leadthrough element projects through the ceramic plug with a close fit and is connected thereto in a gas-tight manner by way of a sealing ceramic. The leadthrough element has a first part which is formed by a cermet at the area of the gas-tight connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp of the ceramic metal halide type of the Philips MasterColor series having a molybdenum coil wrapped around the discharge vessel and at least a portion of the electrode feed through means, and having power ranges of about 150 W to about 1000 W. Such lamps are provided with a discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space. The discharge vessel has a ceramic wall and is closed by a ceramic plug. An electrode which is located inside the discharge space is connected to an electric conductor by way of a leadthrough element. The leadthrough element projects through the ceramic plug with a close fit and is connected thereto in a gastight manner by way of a sealing ceramic. The leadthrough element has a first part which is formed by a cermet at the area of the gastight connection.

Abstract: Manufacturing equipment and manufacturing process steps that improve upon prior art processes for the manufacturing of filament tube and arc tube light sources, their components and subassemblies, and lamps employing said light sources. A double ended, tipless filament tube or arc tube light source incorporates a drawn-down tubular body, and one piece foliated leads with spurs for process handling and for spudding into a filament with stretched-out legs. Bugled ends on the body provide a novel cutoff means, facilitate a flush-fill finishing process, and enhance mounting and support of the light sources in lamps. The foliated leads are made from a continuous length of wire in a process including foil hammering and two-bath AC electrochemical etching. Cost-reduced light source and lamp production enables affordable household consumer lamps, even when containing two series-connected halogen filament tubes.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge chamber for a lamp, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprises a first member which includes a leg portion and a transition portion, wherein the leg portion and the transition portion are integrally formed as one piece from a ceramic material, and a second member which includes a body portion, wherein the body portion is bonded to the transition portion of the first member. The ceramic discharge chamber can be formed by injection molding a ceramic material to form the first member, the first member forming a first portion of the ceramic discharge chamber; and bonding the first member to a second member which forms a second portion of the ceramic discharge chamber.

Abstract: A material including a carbon-based substance and resins are mixed, and the mixture is extruded and dried, and the extrusion is sintered in an inert atmosphere, thereby obtaining a heating element material. The heating element material is reheated in a vacuum so that its resistance-temperature characteristic is adjusted to a necessary value, thereby obtaining a heating element for an infrared lamp. The heating element is a wire-shaped or plate-shaped heating element including the carbon-based substance, and an internal lead wire is wound around each of both ends of the heating element directly or via a graphite block so that a tight fit can be obtained. A coil spring is formed in the middle of the internal lead wire. The heating element is accommodated in a quartz glass tube filled with an inert gas.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal halide discharge tube comprises: arranging a tubular body (110) in an essentially vertical orientation; disposing a loose-fit T-plug (100) having a cylindrical portion (106) and an annular flange (104) in an upper open end of the tubular body (110) so that the cylindrical portion (106) of the T-plug (100) is disposed within the open end of the tubular body (110) in a contact-free, spaced relationship with an inner wall of the tubular body and with the annular flange (104) seating against an annular top end edge surface (108) of the tubular body (100); and firing the tubular body and the loose-fit T-plug to shrink fit the tubular body and the loose-fit T-plug to interfuse the loose-fit T-plug with the upper end of the tubular body in a manner which results in a unitary/monolithic body.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-pressure discharge lamp includes a process step in which a sealing portion is formed out of a side tube portion of a glass pipe that is designed for use in a discharge lamp. In the step of forming the sealing portion, a compound glass tube, which is composed of an outer tube made of a first glass and an inner tube made of a second glass whose softening point is lower than that of the first glass, is inserted into the side tube portion, which is also formed of the first glass. The side tube portion is then heated so that the side tube portion is brought in tight contact with the compound glass tube. Thereafter, at least the sealing portion is heated at a temperature higher than the strain point temperature of the second glass portion.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp and process for emitting ultraviolet and/or vacuum ultraviolet radiation comprises an envelope formed of an ultra-pure and/or low-defect quartz material and an ultraviolet and/or vacuum ultraviolet emissive material disposed in the interior region of the envelope. The electrodeless lamp formed of the ultra-pure and/or low-defect quartz material minimizes degradation during use.

Abstract: A lamp assembly configured to inductively receive power from a primary coil. The lamp assembly includes a lamp circuit including a secondary and a lamp connected in series. In a first aspect, the lamp circuit includes a capacitor connected in series with the lamp and the secondary to tune the circuit to resonance. The capacitor is preferably selected to have a reactance that is substantially equal to or slightly less than the reactance of the secondary and the impedance of the lamp. In a second aspect, the lamp assembly includes a sealed transparent sleeve that entirely encloses the lamp circuit so that the transparent sleeve is fully closed and unpenetrated. The transparent sleeve is preferably the lamp sleeve itself, with the secondary, capacitor and any desired starter mechanism disposed within its interior.

Abstract: In an UV-reflecting layer for discharge lamps, the layer comprises at least 0.1% by weight of Al2O3 and at least 0.1% by weight of a material having a higher refractive index than Al2O3, so that as large a proportion of UV light as possible can be reflected and as large a portion of visible light as possible can be emitted by the lamp.

Abstract: In a discharge tube manufacture line, electrode clamps are attached to both sides of an electrode lead except on a predetermined adhesion area to fix a glass bead. Then, a power section is driven to energize the area between the electrode clamps. The surface of the predetermined adhesion area is heated and oxidized. The glass bead is welded to the oxidized surface of the predetermined adhesion area.

Abstract: The process comprises the provision of a discharge vessel (2) which is closed off on one side, fitting a second tube over part of the discharge vessel and evacuating and filling the volume of the outer bulb via a pumping hole, which remains open in the second extension part within the second tube. This pumping hole is only closed at the end by means of an operation which closes it by rolling.

Abstract: A bulb-type fluorescent lamp has a case having an open end portion for housing a lighting circuit therein, an arc tube extending outside through the open end portion of the case, and a globe having an open end portion for housing the arc tube therein. An adhesive is supplied to the inner surface of the open end portion of the case at four circumferentially spaced areas, and the open end portion of the globe is inserted into the open end portion of the case. As a result, the globe is fixed to the case with the adhesive.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a light source comprising a matrix of micro-filaments able to emit light by incandescence when powered by an electrical current. According to the invention, on the matrix electrical and/or mechanical connections are obtained by means of an agglomeration of carbon nanotubes at least partially ordered with respect to each other. The matrix can be formed extending a single uninterrupted wire, some segments whereof mutually cross.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp is manufactured according to the processes including: arranging a pair of lead wires between a holding block provided with two lead-wire grooves for grasping the pair of lead wires and an auxiliary holding block provided with grooves corresponding to the two-lead wire grooves in such a manner that both end portions of each of the pair of lead wires protrude out of the lead-wire grooves, whereby the pair of lead wires is supported to be sandwiched and to be fixed therebetween; attaching an electrode to tip ends of the protruding lead wires; inserting the lead wires that hold the electrode by grasping the same and protrude out of the holding block into an end portion of a glass tube; applying heat in the vicinity of the end portion of the glass tube so as to pinch-seal the lead wires; and detaching the holding block and the auxiliary holding block.

Abstract: A discharge lamp, such as a neon lamp, comprising a laminated envelope having a gas-discharge channel and at least one external electrode in communication with the gas-discharge channel, the laminated envelope having a front surface and a back surface integrated together to form a unitary envelope body essentially free of any sealing materials. The external electrode comprises an electrode surface integral with the laminated envelope and a conductive medium disposed on the electrode surface. The conductive medium may be conductive tape, conductive ink, conductive coatings, frit with conductive filler or conductive epoxies. The discharge lamp may comprise a laminated envelope including a plurality of separate gas-discharge channels and external electrodes in communication with the gas-discharge channels, whereby the discharge is driven in parallel.

Abstract: A lamp that utilizes a lamp base locking ring to secure a lamp base shell to a lamp. A hollow light transmitting body terminates in a neck that includes threads and a keyway. A lamp base locking ring having an indentation that extends into the keyway is disposed around the circumference of the neck. A lamp base shell is threaded onto the threads of the neck. The lamp base shell is mechanically fastened to the lamp base locking ring to secure the lamp base shell to the hollow light transmitting body.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic metal halide discharge lamp having a monolithic seal between a sapphire (single crystal alumina) arc tube and a polycrystalline alumina (PCA) end cap. The method includes the steps of providing an arc tube of fully dense sapphire and providing an end cap made of unsintered compressed polycrystalline alumina powder doped with magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide. The end cap is heated until it is presintered to remove organic binder material at a low temperature relative to the sintering temperature. The presintered end cap is placed on an end portion of the arc tube to form a close interface between the two. The presintered end cap and adjacent arc tube are then heated to until the end cap is fully sintered onto the arc tube and the sapphire tube grows into the end cap. A monolithic seal is formed along the interface between the end cap and the arc tube as the sapphire tube grows into the polycrystalline alumina end cap.

Abstract: A lamp that utilizes a lamp base locking ring to secure a lamp base shell to a lamp. A hollow light transmitting body terminates in a neck that includes threads and a keyway. A lamp base locking ring having an indentation that extends into to the keyway is disposed around the circumference of the neck. A lamp base shell is threaded onto the threads of the neck. The lamp base shell is mechanically fastened to the lamp base locking to secure the lamp base shell to hollow light transmitting body.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge chamber for a lamp, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprises a first member which includes a leg portion and a transition portion, wherein the leg portion and the transition portion are integrally formed as one piece from a ceramic material, and a second member which includes a body portion, wherein the body portion is bonded to the transition portion of the first member. The ceramic discharge chamber can be formed by injection molding a ceramic material to form the first member, the first member forming a first portion of the ceramic discharge chamber; and bonding the first member to a second member which forms a second portion of the ceramic discharge chamber. The members which form the ceramic discharge chamber can greatly facilitate assembly of the discharge chamber, because the discharge chamber can be constructed with only one or two bonds between the members.

Abstract: The present invention is a hybrid sealing technique. According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, an unsealed lamp body is heated and a partial pinch seal is performed on a first side of the lamp body at an outer junction area. Then, a shrink seal is applied which completes the sealing process at the first side of the lamp body by sealing an inner junction area on the same side of the lamp body. The present invention retains the benefits of the shrink seal, but alleviates the difficulty associated with holding the electrode assemblies in place when performing a traditional shrink seal. In addition, the machine which holds the electrode assemblies in place is greatly simplified.

Abstract: A process for making an arc tube comprises the steps of sintering an arc tube composition to form the arc tube; annealing the arc tube in a vacuum; and sealing the arc tube with at least one electrode. Preferably, the arc tube annealed according to the present process is a ceramic arc tube. The annealing of the arc tubes in a vacuum preferably occurs at a temperature of between about 1000° C. and 1500° C.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic metal halide discharge lamp having a monolithic seal between a sapphire (single crystal alumina) arc tube and a polycrystalline alumina (PCA) end cap. The method includes the steps of providing an arc tube of fully dense sapphire and providing an end cap made of unsintered compressed polycrystalline alumina powder doped with magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide. The end cap is heated until it is presintered to remove organic binder material at a low temperature relative to the sintering temperature. The presintered end cap is placed on an end portion of the arc tube to form a close interface between the two. The presintered end cap and adjacent arc tube are then heated to until the end cap is fully sintered onto the arc tube and the sapphire tube grows into the end cap. A monolithic seal is formed along the interface between the end cap and the arc tube as the sapphire tube grows into the polycrystalline alumina end cap.

Abstract: To provide a bulb-type lamp in which a globe is fixed to a case without a tilt, and a manufacturing method for the bulb-type lamp. The globe is bonded to a connector using a thermosetting resin, in a state where a neck part of the globe is inserted in a groove of the connector without contacting the bottom of the groove. The connector is then fixed to the case by means of a fitting construction. This makes it unnecessary to perform a heating process to cure an adhesive after an envelope is formed by the globe and the case. Hence the tilting of the globe caused by the thermal expansion of air in the envelope can be prevented.

Abstract: An arc tube and method of fabricating the arc tube for a discharge lamp. The arc tube includes an arc tube main body 10 at which a sealed glass bulb 12 serving as a discharge portion sandwiched by pinch seal portions is formed at a portion of a glass tube W along the longitudinal direction thereof, and a cylindrical shroud glass 20 which is welded on and integrated with the arc tube main body 10 so as to cover the sealed glass bulb 12, the front and rear end portions of the shroud glass 20 may be joined, for example, by welding on shroud glass welded portions with circular cross sections provided at the front and rear end sides of the arc tube main body 10, respectively.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp is manufactured according to the processes including: arranging a pair of lead wires between a holding block provided with two lead-wire grooves for grasping the pair of lead wires and an auxiliary holding block provided with grooves corresponding to the two-lead wire grooves in such a manner that both end portions of each of the pair of lead wires protrude out of the lead-wire grooves, whereby the pair of lead wires is supported to be sandwiched and to be fixed therebetween; attaching an electrode to tip ends of the protruding lead wires; inserting the lead wires that hold the electrode by grasping the same and protrude out of the holding block into an end portion of a glass tube; applying heat in the vicinity of the end portion of the glass tube so as to pinch-seal the lead wires; and detaching the holding block and the auxiliary holding block.

Abstract: The formation step of a sealing portion 2 includes the substeps of inserting, into the side tube portion 2′, a glass member 70 made of a second glass having a softening point lower than that of a first glass constituting the side tube portion 2′; tightly attaching forward and backward portions (A and C) of the glass member 70 to the side tube portion 2′ by heating the side tube portion 2′ when the glass member 70 is divided into the forward portion, the backward portion, and a central portion under the assumption that the side of the glass member 70 closer to a luminous bulb portion 1′ is the forward side, thereby forming a cavity 30 between at least a portion of the central portion (B) and the side tube portion 2′; and heating, after the attachment step, a portion including at least the glass member 70 and the side tube portion 2′ at a temperature higher than the strain point temperature of the second glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for connecting a contact plate (2) a lamp cap to the supply conductor wire (4) which is passed through an aperture (2a) in the contact plate (2). With the aid of a wire (5) which serves as filler, the supply conductor wire (4) and the contact plate (2) are soldered together, by generating an arc between the additional wire (5) and the supply conductor wire (4) or the contact plate (2). The solidified molten material of the additional wire (5) closes off the aperture (2a) and produces a reliable soldered join between the supply conductor wire (4) and the contact plate (2). The polarity of the electric voltage used to generate the arc is advantageously such that the additional wire (5) acts as an anode and the contact plate (2) or the supply conductor wire (4) acts as a cathode. The soldering process according to the invention advantageously takes place under an inert-gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for producing an electric lamp having a vitreous lamp bulb and a foil of molybdenum or a doped molybdenum alloy which is pinched in the lamp bulb includes post-treating the unfinished foil such that substantially non-contiguous, insular regions of material agglomerates are formed. The material agglomerates are formed of molybdenum, molybdenum alloys, titanium, silicon, an oxide, a mixed oxide and/or an oxidic compound, with a vapor pressure of in each case less than 10 mbar at 2000° C. The substantially non-contiguous, insular regions are formed on at least 5 percent and at most 60 percent of the area of the foil surface. In this way, the adhesive strength between the foil and the glass and therefore also the service life of the lamp are significantly improved.

Abstract: An incandescent halogen lamp used in connection with a vehicle headlamp system in which stray light attributable to reflection off of internal lamp components is reduced while the structural integrity of the lamp is maintained. The halogen lamp includes two filaments, several lead wires, and a support bridge all sealed within a glass envelope. Each filament is connected at its outermost end to a flattened end portion of a lead wire which extends along the length of the filament from near the support bridge to the upper end of the filament. The flattened outer ends of the lead wires have a narrow profile that is in alignment with the direction of illumination of light from their respective filaments. This arrangement reduces the surface area that could otherwise interfere with light emitted by the filaments, and thereby reduces the overall stray light produced by the lamp. The flattened outer ends can have a roughened surface to further help reduce the amount of light reflected off the lead wires.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp capable of fully securing a portion for containing a mercury amalgam pellet and reliably preventing the mercury amalgam pellet from moving toward the inside a discharge tube, and a method for manufacturing the fluorescent lamp. The fluorescent lamp includes a glass tube having a fluorescent substance layer on the inner surface, a sealed portion formed at an end of the glass tube, a slender glass tube having an inner space that is in communication with the inside of the glass tube and is not in communication with the outside of the glass tube, and a mercury amalgam pellet contained in the slender glass tube. The slender glass tube has a small-diameter part with an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the mercury amalgam pellet and a large-diameter part with an inner diameter larger than the diameter of the mercury amalgam pellet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light bulb comprising a base BA to which a filament FIL is connected, which filament is intended to emit a luminous radiation and has turns arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution AX. According to the invention, the light bulb in addition comprises a plurality of hooks H1, H2, and H3, each being in contact with one of the turns of the filament, and being connected to the base BA by means of a support SUP. The invention enables to keep the filament FIL securely in position, which reduces the risk that several turns of said filament will come into contact with the support SUP, thus creating a destructive short-circuit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an inexpensive lamp, which suppresses distortion of a bulb and prevents decrease in commercial value and breakage of the bulb. In a glass bulb having one end thereof communicating with an exhaust tube, an assembly of a filament, metal foils and lead wires is disposed. In this state, the whole glass bulb is heated by a burner. The end opposite to the exhaust tube of the glass bulb is pinch-sealed to form a pinch-sealed portion. Subsequently, an expanded portion is formed by charging a protective gas from the exhaust tube into the glass bulb.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an arc tube having a light emitting tube portion, a first pinch seal portion, and a second pinch seal portion, all formed on a quartz glass tube. The first and second pinch seal portions are disposed on both sides of the light emitting tube portion. The quartz glass is provided almost vertically with the first pinch seal portion down. A thermal insulating plate is provided in a boundary position between the light emitting tube portion and a portion to be pinch-sealed in an outer peripheral space of the quartz glass tube. Liquid nitrogen is jetted from a cooling nozzle provided obliquely below the light emitting tube portion toward the same, thereby cooling the light emitting tube portion. The portion to be pinch-sealed is heated with a burner, and pinch-sealed with a pincher immediately thereafter.

Abstract: A single-ended tungsten halogen lamp having a spherical or ellipsoidal envelope and an infrared reflective coating is manufactured using a mandrel alignment tool that radially centers an axially-oriented tungsten filament within the envelope. The manufacturing method includes forming the envelope in a glass tube. A filament assembly having an axially-oriented coiled tungsten filament is then placed into the interior of the envelope and the mandrel alignment tool is utilized to center the filament radially within the spherical or ellipsoidal envelope. The tool includes a tip that is inserted into the center of the tungsten coil to maintain the radial position of the filament during sealing of the glass tube around the filament assembly. After removing the tool, the glass tube is necked down and an inert halogen gas is placed within the envelope. The tube is then tipped off and the infrared reflective coating applied to form a completed bulb.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube includes arranging the tube with its neck part in a downward position, and covering the inner surface of its funnel-shaped part with a carrier liquid including a conductive material. Carrier liquid is supplied through a pipe positioned near an edge of the funnel-shaped part and close to the inner surface of the funnel-shaped part. The pipe and the funnel-shaped part are moved with respect to each other so that a projection of the pipe on the inner surface describes a trajectory on the inner surface of the funnel-shaped part which is substantially parallel to the edge of the funnel-shaped part, thus allowing the carrier liquid to drain downwardly, thereby leaving a coating formed by a residue of the conductive material on the inner surface. During the covering step, the pipe and the funnel-shaped part are moved with respect to each other to describe a non-closed loop trajectory, such that a high-voltage connection element is not completely coated.

Abstract: A lamp apparatus comprises a lamp body, a base mounted to the lamp body, the base including a top end of base connected with a first conductor electrically and a threaded portion connected with a second conductor electrically, the top end of base and the first conductor welded through the process of mutual fusion, and a welded portion formed in a convex shape with the mixture of materials of the top end of base and the first conductor.

Abstract: A high pressure, lamp may be made in a pressure vessel by using an induction coil to melt an edge portion of a sealing wafer pressed against the circumference of an opening in the body of the lamp envelope. The pressure vessel and the lamp envelope are filled with desired fill materials. Induction heating is carried out by the induction coil and induction receiver that presses against the wafer, the lamp envelope or both to hold the melting piece or pieces in contact. The induction receiver may be fused to the lamp body forming a functional part of the overall lamp structure. The preferred resulting lamp includes a bonded metal piece that can be conveniently used for electrical or mechanical coupling or positioning of the lamp with respect to a base.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp element comprises an envelope and a filament (10) supported therein by a plurality of spaced supports. The filament comprises a helical coil of wire with sections (20, 21) having at least two different pitches. The first sections (20) have a pitch which enables the filament to be operated at a required colour temperature, and the second sections have a pitch which enables the filament to be supported by the supports.

Abstract: An automotive lamp including a sealed envelope having a filament or other light emitting element contained therein, with the envelope being formed from a barium-silicate based glass that is essentially free of cadmium and that includes barium oxide in the range of 2.15%-2.25% by weight, strontium oxide in the range of 5.58%-5.82% by weight, potassium oxide in the range of 8.9%-9.3% by weight, and molybdenum oxide in the range of 0.068%-0.072% by weight. Specific amounts of other constituent components of the glass are also disclosed. The resulting lamp provides an amber color that meets applicable CIE chromaticity requirements for automotive lamps and the glass exhibits physical characteristics that are closely matched to that of lime glass, making it suitable for standard lamp manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A tungsten halogen lamp comprises an arc tube of fused quartz having a sealing portion at one end with a halogen element and a rare gas enclosed and a filament coil held within the arc tube, and an infrared reflecting film is formed on the surface of the arc tube. The sealing portion seals metal foils connected to the filament coil and outer leads having one end connected to the metal foils and the other end led out of the sealing portion. The infrared reflecting film is formed on the surfaces of the outer leads and the surfaces of the metal foils, and at least a part of the surface of the sealing portion has a portion where the infrared reflecting film is not formed or a portion where at least a part of the infrared reflecting film is removed. Therefore, the oxidation of the metal foils is prevented, and a tungsten halogen lamp that has a long life and a high efficiency and is inexpensive and a method for manufacturing the same are obtained.

Abstract: A lamp made of a tube having a light emission portion glass and a side tube portion glass that extends in the light emission portion glass. The lamp has a sealed electrode assembly having an electrical current supply line with one end portion connected to a metal foil. A first portion of the side tube portion where an electrical current supply line is located is heated and this portion is compressed by a first pressure. A second portion of the side tube portion where a metal foil is located is heated and this portion is compressed by a second pressure. The second pressure is made larger than the first pressure.

Abstract: This invention consists of an improved design and assembly process the for manufacture of a single ended quartz (SEQ) lamp having three-part leads and a prefocus base for projection applications. This invention consists of a much simpler two-pin prefocus ceramic base SEQ lamp design that is made with fewer parts and is much easier and faster to assemble to enable much reduced labor and cost. Also, the ceramic base is smaller and exposes more of the quartz lamp seal to the surroundings to enable more effective cooling during lamp operation to prevent lamp failures from overheated seals. Also, the ceramic base is designed for quick assembly with the coil correctly focused to the base.

Abstract: A low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp includes a bulb and a mercury-releasing metal substrate, in particular, an alloy of zinc and mercury in which the mercury-releasing metal substrate has an inside part crystallized in a plate form or in a granular form and a surface on which a mercury-rich layer is formed. The mercury-releasing metal substrate, in particular, the alloy of zinc and mercury, can be adhered firmly to the inside face of the bulb. Moreover, the low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp can be made by putting a mercury-releasing metal substrate into a bulb; forming a mercury-rich layer on the surface of the mercury-releasing metal substrate while crystallizing the inside of the mercury-releasing metal substrate in a plate form or in a granular form by heating the bulb from the outside; and softening the mercury-releasing metal substrate to adhere it to the inside face of the bulb.

Abstract: A method of sealing a lamp includes: providing a lamp envelop having an envelop body, and first and second end portions which are open; inserting a mount including a filament and a resilient retainer into the lamp envelop through one of the open end portions until the mount is retained within the lamp envelop by the resilient retainer; heating the first open end portion of the lamp envelop to soften and shrink and then optionally pinching the heated portion thereby sealing the first open end portion with one end of the mount embedded therein; and heating the second open end portion of the lamp envelop to soften and shrink and then optionally pinching the heated portion thereby sealing the second open end portion with an opposite end of the mount embedded therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an electric incandescent p which has at least one incandescent filament (31) and an anti-dazzle device (20). According to the invention, in the course of the method, an end (31a) of an incandescent filament (31) is threaded into a notch (23) on the edge of the anti-dazzle device (20) and fused with the anti-dazzle device (20) by melting the material of the anti-dazzle device (20) in the region of the notch (23) so that the melt wets the incandescent filament end (31a) arranged in the notch (23) and the incandescent filament end (31a) is embedded in the solidified material (20a) of the anti-dazzle device (20) after the melt has solidified.

Abstract: A method of sealing a halogen lamp including: providing a lamp envelop having an envelop body, an open end portion and a closed end portion: inserting a mount including a filament into the lamp envelop through the open end portion thereof; heating the closed end portion of the lamp envelop to soften and shrink thereby sealingly embedding one end of the mount in the closed end portion of the lamp envelop, while providing a reduced pressure in the lamp envelop; filling the lamp envelop with a required gas; and heating the open end portion of the lamp envelop to soften and shrink thereby sealingly embedding the other end of the mount in the closed end portion of the lamp envelop.

Abstract: A metallic halide lamp has an envelope of silica glass defining a discharge chamber with a pair of pinch seals extending in opposite directions therefrom. A pair of tungsten electrode stems are partly buried in the respective seals and electrically connected to a pair of molybdenum lead wires via a pair of molybdenum foils which are wholly embedded in the pinch seals. The molybdenum foils have a recrystallization grain size of not more than about 50 .mu.m.

Abstract: To provide a halogen incandescent bulb with controlled variation in wall ckness of the bulb, a bulb tube (20) first has a cup region (26) formed thereon. The cup region, by radial application of force, for example by rollers (22), is constricted, and the constriction then pulled to form a small, closed projecting tip (19). Mold jaws (27) then mold the shape of the bulb; the mold jaws are formed with a cavity (29') to receive the projecting tip (19) which, then, has the end cut off to provide an attachment cannula (30) for the pumping tube (32). The pumping tube is melted on the nipple (29) of the cup (26) of the bulb. A filament mount (8) with filaments (9) is then introduced, and pinch jaws (35) pinch-seal the filament mount in the bulb and finish-shape the bulb. The bulb can then be flushed, evacuated, and filled with the requisite halogen containing fill through the pumping tube (32), which then is tipped off.