Abstract: A field-emission cold cathode having emitters 9 formed on silicon substrate 1, and a gate electrode film 7 formed on insulation film 6 and having openings over the emitters, further includes trenches 3 formed in silicon substrate 1, a plurality of emitters formed on regions surrounded by trenches 3, and n-type regions 5 formed on the silicon substrate directly below the emitters. Breakdowns caused by field concentrations brought about by the spread of current directly below the emitters can thus be prevented, and thus the emitter pitch within regions surrounded by trenches can be determined at will. When high voltage is impressed due to a discharge, the resistance connected to the emitters prevents the flow of large currents to the emitters and the occurrence of short-circuit damage.

Abstract: The temperature in the sealed region of an electric lamp with a foil seal arrangement rises when the lamp is illuminated and the foil will oxidize due to the oxygen contained in the air if inappropriately protected. The oxidation leads to premature cracking in the foil, which renders further use of the lamp impossible. To prevent the foil from cracking due to oxidation and to permit the manufacture of a lamp with a long life, the foil is covered with lead oxide. For coating the foil with lead oxide, use is made of an aqueous solution of a lead compound, which decomposes on heating and produces lead oxide.

Abstract: A method of making an electric lamp with high torque threaded base having lamp envelope, threaded base, and light source is disclosed. The electric lamp with high torque threaded base may be formed by making a lamp envelope with a ring of depressions extending around the lamp opening. A threaded brass base may then be rolled into the depressions, locking the threaded base to the lamp envelope. High temperature melting of the glass is then unnecessary, and expensive, or messy glues are unnecessary.

Abstract: A base assembly and method of forming the base assembly for a lamp includes an annular eyelet having an axially outward extending protrusion. The lead wire is fed through the eyelet and folded across the protrusion while a contact member sandwiches the lead wire and confines it during a welding operation. The eyelet, contact, and lead wire are thus fusion bonded to provide a solder-free connection.

Abstract: A connector for connecting the filaments of a dual filament halogen lamp to a common ground lead includes two provisions for clamping the connector to ends of the first and second filament and a central portion for connection to the common ground in a dual filament halogen lamp.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a filamented capsule from a tubular blank, and a mold used in such fabrication, is provided wherein a first filament is sealed in a first press seal in one end of the blank, and a preform designed to facilitate insertion and positioning of a second filament is formed in an opposite end of the blank, in a single pressing and blowing step.

Abstract: A support for a filament or lamp capsule in a lamp having a base and a light-transmissive envelope includes a support ring that is inserted into the base. The ring can be pressed or otherwise secured into the base. The support ring includes at least one pair of tabs that extend radially inwardly. The tabs include mounting holes aligned generally in a direction extending upwardly from the base toward the envelope for receiving and supporting an electrical lead of the filament or lamp capsule. The tabs can be resilient to forcibly engage the lead of the filament or lamp capsule. Two pairs of tabs can be provided to support two leads of the filament or lamp capsule.

Abstract: A method for mounting a filament in a double ended incandescent lamp capsule. A filament assembly, including a filament, filament supports attached to each end of the filament and an external lead connected to each filament support, is located in a tubular lamp envelope. The position of the filament relative to the lamp envelope is determined, and the filament is moved to a predetermined position relative to the lamp envelope, if necessary. Then, the lamp envelope is heated sufficiently to cause the lamp envelope to deform into contact with at least one of the filament supports so as to securely anchor the filament support. The heating of the lamp envelope in regions of the filament supports can be performed simultaneously or at different times. One or both filament supports can be anchored by the tacking process.

Abstract: A method of making a press sealed lamp with an internally pressed fuse is disclosed. The filament structure is conveniently formed so the fuse links across a looped section of the initial filament structure. The loop structure provides strength to the fused filament structure prior to sealing. After the lamp is sealed, a portion of the exposed loop is trimmed, thereby limiting the remaining electrical connection to the path through the fuse.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp and a lamp produced by such method are disclosed. An inert gas is injected to the interior of the lamp through an injection tube to displace substantially all of another gas and to remove the said another gas from the interior of the lamp. The lamp is sealed by press sealing the base of the lamp to trap the inert gas in the interior of the lamp.

Abstract: A method of making a double ended lamp having a tubular envelope, a filament, and button contacts at opposite ends of the lamp is disclosed. By first forming a metallurgical bond between the button contacts, and a lead rods, a high quality bond may be formed that does not cause the lead rod to become embrittled. The button contact and lead rod assembly is then, if not already, incorporated into the filament assembly. The filament assembly is then accurately positioned in a tubular envelope and sealed in place. The lamp may then be finished by filling, coating, insulating, and so on in a standard fashion. The button contact as a result is accurately positioned with respect to the envelope, and is unlikely to separate from the lead because of crimp failure, or embrittled rod fracture.

Abstract: A discharge lamp unit in which a pair of terminal and lead support assemblies (A, B), composed of a pair of metal connector terminals (123, 125) and a pair of metal lead supports (122, 124), are fixedly held by a molded resin lamp holder (120) in such a manner that the connector terminals (123, 125) extend from the rear surface of the lamp holder while the lead supports (122, 124) extend from the front surface of the lamp holder to support a discharge lamp (110). The lamp holder has an axial through-hole formed therein during the molding of the lamp holder in a metal mold in such a manner that the axial through-hole is located between the connector terminals of the terminal and lead support assemblies, whereby the lamp holder is enhanced in dielectric strength.

Abstract: Flush and pump flush processes yielding light sources for incandescent and metal vapor discharge lamps are disclosed. The flush and pump flush processes also yield lamps that are particularly suitable for deposition of a reflective coating on its outer surface. For such reflective coated light sources, the associated lamp leads are encased in glass and therefore are protected against any deleterious reactions that may otherwise result from the deposition of the reflective coating process. The light source yielded by the flush and pump flush processes of the present invention are advantageous in reducing the mounting arrangement of the lamps in which the light sources are housed.

Abstract: A compact arc discharge lamp may be formed with an inner lamp capsule and an outer envelope. One or more of the leads to the inner capsule may be sheathed to insulate the lead from improper arc over. The sheath may passed through the seal of the outer envelope, so the gas state of the intermediate volume may be adjust before final sealing.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for combining radiant energy of substantially distinct spectral bands to produce a light source having predetermined color temperature or chromaticity characteristics. The apparatus comprises a generating source that generates emissions of radiant energy from at least two spatial emission regions. Each of the spatial emission regions emits radiant energy in a substantially distinct spectral band. The apparatus further comprises an optical directing system that directs a substantial portion of the radiant energy emitted from the emission regions. The optical directing system includes a positioning region that contains a near focus and a combining region that contains a far focus.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a lamp cap (6) with a contact member (9) at the base portion (8), a current supply conductor (4, 5) being passed to the exterior through said contact member. The current supply conductor (4, 5) is welded to said contact member (9) by a separately supplied solidified drop of essentially copper, nickel, copper/nickel, chromium/nickel/iron or aluminium containing 1-10% by weight of a metal addition.

Abstract: To make a lamp of quartz or hard glass which has a bulb (10, 22) which does ot have an exhaust tip, for example a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp or a halogen incandescent lamp, the glass bulb is formed by blow-molding the bulb to the desired shape, then retaining an electrode system having electrodes (14, 14a) to be placed in the bulb, current supply leads (12, 24) extending externally of the bulb, and sealing foils (13, 23) connecting the current supply leads to the electrodes in a holder die (11, 25), introducing the electrodes by moving the holder die towards the bulb, flushing the bulb by introducing and selectively removing flushing gas through an open end of the tube, introducing a measured quantity of a fill substance, such as mercury, an iodide or the like, into the bulb through the open end thereof, and then heating the bulb in the region of the position of the sealing foils and pinch-sealing the bulb. Excess glass is then cut off and the bulb can be supplied with a base.

Abstract: The halogen incandescent lamp has a tipless lamp vessel (1) having a first seal (3), in which a current supply conductor (7) with a foil-shaped part (9) of small width (w.sub.1) is accommodated, and a second seal (4), in which a current supply conductor (8) with a foil-shaped part (10) of larger width (w.sub.2) is accommodated. This construction permits a simple method of manufacturing the lamp, in which the tube from which the lamp vessel (1) is formed has a constriction which allows the first current supply conductor (7) and the filament (5) to pass, but stops the foil-shaped part (10) of the second current supply conductor (8) and holds the filament positioned in axial direction in the tube.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp which has a tube extending through the pinch seal of the glass envelope both for evacuating the same and for subsequently introducing a halogen gas therein. An envelope blank has its open end portion heated prior to pinch sealing, with a filament mount assembly inserted therein but with the gas exhaust/supply tube not inserted to preclude the possibility of its clogging. Only after the open end portion of the envelope blank has been heated to a viscid state is the gas exhaust/supply tube inserted therein. The envelope blank is pinch sealed immediately thereafter.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a lamp vessel (1) having an end portion (3) which is fixed in the lamp cap (5) by means of polyetherimide (8) as a thermoplastic synthetic resin, which has adhered both to the lamp vessel and to the lamp cap. The end portion (3) can have non-circular cross-sections where it is in contact with the synthetic resin (8). A current supply wire (11) can be clamped between the synthetic resin (8) and the sheath portion (6) of the lamp cap (5) in order to establish electrical contact therewith. The lamp can be assembled by arranging in the hot state of the end portion (3) a polyetherimide ring (8) around this end portion (3) and by providing the lamp cap (5) in the hot state around the polyetherimide ring (8).

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp having improved means for both physically positioning and controlling the light output from a filament light source is disclosed. The lamp construction can further employ a reflective film for improved efficiency of lamp operation while a halogen substance can also be included in the inert gas filling for this purpose. A method to manufacture the disclosed lamp improvement is also provided.

Abstract: A method of making an axial filament structure for a lamp in which the filament is concentric with the axis of the envelope, wherein a hook-like shape (131) is formed in a support member (117) which stretches the filament to its final turns-per-inch ratio.

Abstract: A lamp with an internal reflector is disclosed. The reflector includes an extension captured in the inner surface of the envelope to security position, and maintain the reflector position, without having extraneous support, bridge, or other internal fixtures to secure the reflector. The invention described reduces the need for support mechanisms, and allows the further reduction of lamp sizes for lamps having internal reflectors.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp for selective radiant energy distribution is disclosed which employs a reflective film for improved efficiency of the lamp operation. Said lamp further employs a tungsten filament extending the length of its elongated lamp envelope with particular support means for said incandescent filament also being disclosed to precisely position the filament along the principal lamp axis. Various structural configurations for said particular support means are also disclosed so that such filament position is maintained regardless of the lamp spatial orientation.

Abstract: An electric lamp including a reflector, at least one conductive ferrule located within a surface of the reflector and a lead-in conductor electrically connected to the ferrule and extending within the reflector. The lamp includes a base having an insulative (e.g., ceramic) cap located substantially about the ferrule, barrier means (e.g., ceramic fiber) located within the cap to define an open chamber substantially about the ferrule, an electrical conductor (e.g., wire) extending within the cap and electrically connected (e.g., silver soldered) to the ferrule, and sealing means (e.g., high temperature cement) located within the cap to provide a seal therefore. The barrier means serves to separate the sealing means from the open chamber about the ferrule such that the heat generated by the ferrule can be vented through spaced apertures located within the cap's side wall. A method of assembling a base on an electric lamp is also provided.

Abstract: A method of making a replaceable lamp unit for use in an automobile headlight. The method involves the steps of providing a metallic insert with a roughened (e.g., sandblasted) surface. Inserting this member a predetermined depth within a plastic (e.g., thermoplastic) holder, and applying radio frequency (RF) induction heating to the insert. The unit's lamp may then be attached directly (e.g., clamped by an extension of the insert) or indirectly (e.g., via a two-part, separate clamp which is secured about the lamp and is welded to a forward, curved surface of the insert). Use of a roughened surface enhances the bonding operation between plastic holder and metallic insert by substantially reducing the time (e.g., from about 38 to 85 percent) for such bonding to occur. Reducing time at this step in the operation also facilitates alignment of the insert and other elements of the unit.

Abstract: A base for three-way lamps in which it is easier to feed lead wires through and a method of making such bases.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a miniature tipless halogen lamp having a diameter of 1.0 to 4.0 mm, in which an assembly of a pair of lead wires, a bead welded to the lead wires and a filament connected to the lead wires by pressing flat and crimping the inner ends of the lead wires, the assembly is put in a lamp bulb in place to form an unfinished assembly of the components of the miniature tipless halogen lamp, a plurality of such unfinished assemblies are placed in an apparatus including an integral and airtight combination of a holagen gas introducing sealed box and a heat-sealing box, the lamp bulbs of the unfinished assemblies are sealed by being heated with a heat-sealing carbon plate at a position corresponding to the bead, and then unnecessary portions of the lamp bulbs are cut off to complete the miniature tipless halogen lamps.

Abstract: A light bulb body which may be blow molded from transparent or translucent polymer resin. The resin for instance, polypropylene may be blended with fillers and fire-proof agents such as glass fiber, glass microparticles and nylon fiber. The molded light bulb is hermetically joined with the lamp stem, filled with an inert gas and is installed with the screw lamp base. The "not-easy breakable" feature the said composite bulb body and the phenomena of color pigmentation, light refraction, total reflection and diffusion properties of the bulb material itself, thereby avoids the defects such as stereotype nature of a single material and vulnerability of the traditional glass bulbs.

Abstract: Incandescent lamps having an improved light source are disclosed. The light source contains a halogen compound along with a fill-gas at a pressure above atmospheric. The light source has an oblate ellipsoidal shape so as to obtain a desired temperature gradient which reduces typically experienced "cold spots" that detrimentally contribute to the condensation of halogen compounds within the light source which would otherwise reduce the desired light output of the light source throughout life. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the light source.

Abstract: An improved electric lamp including an electrically insulating (e.g., plastic) base which is securedly positioned on the lamp's sealed end portion without the need for adhesives or the like. The base functions to securedly retain the lamp's lead-in wires (a total of four in a dual filament lamp) in a preestablished alignment externally of the lamp's sealed end (from which the wires project) to thereby assure positive electrical connection thereto when the lamp and base are inserted within a corresponding electrical socket. This wire retention is possible by embedding each conductor within designated channels in the base and subsequent deformation of the base's material to substantially cover the embedded wire. In addition, a locking arrangement between the lamp envelope's press sealed end and the base is provided to assist in retaining the sealed end within an opening within the base. The invention is ideally suited for use in a tail light assembly for an automobile.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an incandescent lamp includes evacuating the lamp through a hollow space formed in the lower portion of the lamp to be sealed by press jaws and sealing the lamp with press jaws whose surface is substantially flat.

Abstract: A flasher bulb and method of making same by mass production techniques are disclosed. The flasher bulb has first and second nickel wires connected by a tungsten wire to form a loop and a bimetallic strip one end of which is connected to one of the nickel wires, the strip being bent towards the other nickel wire. When the strip is heated by passage of current through the tungsten wire, it makes contact with the other nickel wire to take the tungsten wire out of circuit but retain current flow through the nickel wires. Accordingly in a string of flasher bulbs, extinction of one bulb will not necessary cut off current to the others. The conductive wires and bimetallic strip are assembled in position in a mold and held in place by an insulating disk.

Abstract: An electric lamp including a glass envelope having at least one conductive foil hermetically sealed within the press-sealed end portion thereof, the foil being electrically connected at one end to a side rod support wire which projects within the envelope's bulb portion to form part of the lamp's filament structure. A sound electrical connection between the support wire and conductive foil is attained by providing the end portion of the support wire with a relatively flat configuration and knurling a surface of this flattened end. This knurled surface, being welded to the foil, provides such a connection without the use of flux or the like. A method of making this lamp is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a dual envelope lamp wherein a first envelope is formed having opposite sealed ends with conductive wires projecting therefrom. A formed reflector is welded at one end thereof to one wire and wrapped about the first envelope's opposite sealed end. Conductors are connected (welded) to the other wire and the opposite end of the reflector, respectively. This reflector, first envelope and conductor assembly is then slidably inserted within the open end of a piece of quartz tubing and a press sealed formed about the conductors. Subsequently, the tubing is flushed (e.g., with argon) and filled with an inert gas at a fixed pressure, followed by a tipping operation in which the opposite end of the tubing is sealed to thus define the second (outer) envelope.

Abstract: A lamp bulb has a closed lens-shaped head received in a recess in a bulb holder jig and an open end held by a heating carbon jig. A bead supporting a pair of lead wires with a filament connected thereto is disposed in the open end of the bulb, with the lead wires being supported on a lead wire holder. The jigs and holder are housed in a chamber in which a vacuum is developed. A gas to be filled in the bulb is introduced into the chamber under a desired pressure irrespective of atmospheric pressure. Then, an electric current is passed through the heating carbon jig to heat the latter for fusing the open end of the bulb and the bead, and at the same time the closed end of the bulb is cooled by the bulb holder jig which is supplied with a coolant liquid. After the bulb and the bead have been fused together, the electric current flowing through the heating carbon jig is cut off to stop the heating of the heating carbon jig. Then, the chamber is removed, and the completed lamp is taken out.

Abstract: A double-enveloped electric lamp having a self-mounting frame-assembly for supporting a light-source capsule within the outer envelope, such frame-assembly being mounted by means of elastic and frictional forces other than glass-to-glass or glass-to-metal seals. In one embodiment of the invention, the frame-assembly is mounted on the neck of the outer envelope by means of a clamp on each leg of the frame-assembly; each clamp grasps the brim of the neck within a formed groove. Locking means may be obtained by mounting the lamp base over the grooves; barbed prongs on each clamp bite into the shell of the base and lock together the component parts of the lamp. In a second embodiment, a wire frame-assembly having two preformed legs with barbed prongs is mounted on the neck of the outer envelope by fitting each preformed leg into a matching groove formed in the threaded neck of the outer envelope.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting diode lamp and a method for producing thereof, in which at least one light emitting diode is connected between at least a pair of conductive members at their upper end portions, the light emitting diode is embedded together with the conductive members in a molding of a light transmissible resin material, with the respective lower end portions of the conductive members being left exposed, and the respective exposed lower end portions of the conductive members are connected to a lamp base or cap and a contact member supported at the lower end of the lamp base or cap and insulated from the lamp base or cap.

Abstract: A lamp bulb has a closed lens-shaped head received in a recess in a bulb holder jig and an open end held by a heating carbon jig. A bead supporting a pair of lead wires with a filament connected thereto is disposed in the open end of the bulb, with the lead wires being supported on a lead wire holder. The jigs and holder are housed in a chamber in which a vacuum is developed. A gas to be filled in the bulb is introduced into the chamber under a desired pressure irrespective of atmospheric pressure. Then, an electric current is passed through the heating carbon jig to heat the latter for fusing the open end of the bulb and the bead, and at the same time the closed end of the bulb is cooled by the bulb holder jig which is supplied with a coolant liquid. After the bulb and the bead have been fused together, the electric current flowing through the heating carbon jig is cut off to stop the heating of the heating carbon jig. Then, the chamber is removed, and the completed lamp is taken out.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method of construction of a prefocus lamp, to improve positioning of the filament relative to the lamp cap, and a lamp so made. The lamp envelope has a pinch seal with V-shaped grooves into which a resilient ring is sprung. This assembly is a sliding fit in the lamp cap and is slid therein to have substantially only line contact between the ring and the cap. The envelope can then be relatively easily rocked and otherwise moved in the lamp cap to be precisely positioned. When the positioning is complete solder previously placed in the cap is melted, the position being such that it flows over the ring and fixes the ring to the lamp cap.

Abstract: A high temperature tungsten halogen lamp having improved lamp strength so as to reduce lamp breakage. The ceramic base for supporting the press sealed end of the lamp's envelope has a top thereof including a pair of upwardly projecting members that extend above the press sealed portion to contact the bulb portion of the lamp envelope (or capsule). These corner projecting members enable enhanced support while at the same time providing a pair of windows therebetween to enable sufficient heat dissipation (thus preventing excessively high lamp seal temperatures). In accordance with the method of the invention the envelope is cemented to the ceramic base in a two-step operation including firstly cementing the base below the projecting members to bind the base to the envelope's press sealed portion and thereafter cementing the projecting members to the envelope's bulb portion.

Abstract: A bright, economical, flat panel television/display is fabricated by laser welding incandescent metal particles together to form light emitting micro-beads, the ends of which are simultaneously welded to driving electrodes. The small physical mass and dimensions of each bead permit it to be fired to an incandescent state at high rates, becoming a controllable, bright, point source of light suitable as a picture element to create moving images. The beads are suspended between a heat resistant substrate and faceplate, both of which contain depressions proximate to each bead to provide thermal spacing and optical and thermal reflectivity to direct visible light out of the panel, and heat back to the bead, conserving power. Color filters provide full color image display in a system operating at approximately five volts, and which can be built to any size and shape. Three dimensional display capability is inherent when a plurality of transparent display panels are laminated.

Abstract: A high pressure, tungsten halogen lamp wherein a predetermined quantity of a gas mixture including an inert gas (e.g., argon) and halogen compound (e.g., methyliodide) constitute the lamp's combined atmosphere. The gas mixture is flowed into the tubular member which ultimately comprises the lamp's envelope and is then cooled sufficiently to form either a pool of liquified gas or, alternatively, a frozen, solidified member. A quantity of nitrogen gas established at a predetermined atmospheric pressure is also flowed into the tubular member while a press sealing operation is accomplished to seal the member. When the lamp is then subjected to normal room temperature, the pool (or solidified member) becomes gasified to produce the elevated internal pressure, which may readily approach three atmospheres.

Abstract: A method of making a high pressure, tungsten halogen lamp wherein a predetermined quantity of a gas mixture including an inert gas (e.g., argon) and halogen compound (e.g., methyliodide) are introduced into the retained tubular member which eventually comprises the sealed envelope of the lamp. This gas mixture is then cooled sufficiently to form either a pool of liquified gas or, alternatively, a frozen, solidified member. A quantity of nitrogen gas established at a predetermined atmospheric pressure is then introduced into the tubular member through the remaining open end while a press sealing operation is accomplished to seal the end. The result is a finished lamp possessing an elevated internal pressure (e.g., three atmospheres) of the described inert gas, halogen and hydrogen.

Abstract: To accurately position a halogen cycle incandescent lamp within a reflector o form a sealed-beam headlight, a carrier is provided for the lamp with a seating surface thereon, the lamp being accurately positioned and aligned with respect to the carrier and its seating surface by optical alignment outside of the reflector, the seating surface then being fitted against a matching abutment forming a locating surface on the reflector, the lamp-carrier subassembly being secured in the reflector, for example by form-fitting interengagement, adhesion, or the like. The reflector may have a large opening and the carrier in form of a disk, or smaller openings and the carrier in form of a ring inserted from the reflector end into the reflector.

Abstract: The lamp has a pinch seal which surrounds a mounting structure carrying l-in wires of the filament;the front face (7) terminating the lamp envelope end forms substantially a plane, and is arranged at right angle to the generated surface of the lamp envelope (1) with the transition of these two surfaces to one another being substantially in the shape of a circumferential edge,the length of the pinch seal (2) extending from the front face (7) on the axis of the lamp envelope is from 0.2 to 0.4 times the external diameter of the lamp envelope (1),and the width of the pinch seal is close to the external diameter of the lamp envelope. To form this shape, the lamp is introduced into a die, with the envelope softened and, during execution of the pinch operation, excess gas pressure is applied to the interior of the lamp envelope so that the lamp envelope will accurately follow the shape of the pinch jaws similar to a blow-molding operation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sealed beam lamp wherein an adhesive activated by ultraviolet light is used for bonding the terminals of a light source assembly to a reflector characterized in that the ultraviolet light is directed through a lens bonded to the reflector for activating the adhesive and thereby fixing the light source assembly to the reflector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a lamp involves preparing a lamp assembly having a base to which is coupled a bulb with external lead-in wires. One of the lead-in wires has an outer end which is drawn out between the bulb and the edge of the base. A potential is applied between a welding electrode of a welding device and the tip of the outer end of the external lead-in wire to weld the lead-in wire to the base. During this applying of potential, a gas flame is interposed between the outer end of the external lead-in wire and the welding electrode.

Abstract: Methods for accurately joining objects, especially optical objects, are disclosed comprising contacting the objects with light curable composition, causing light to transit at least one of the objects, evaluating the light, positioning the objects in response to the evaluation and irradiating the composition to harden it, thus to fixedly maintain a preselected spatial orientation among the objects.

Abstract: A process for forming lamp capsules such as in the manufacture of miniature arc lamps wherein the bulb portion of the capsule is formed by blowing molten glass into a mold while simultaneously press sealing the lead assembly. The molding and sealing process is accomplished with heat application by means of a press foot assembly closed for a predetermined period of time such as one second to press seal the blank capsule against the lead assembly with one portion of the press foot assembly, and simultaneously to blow mold the blank capsule into another preformed portion of the press foot assembly to form the bulb portion of the lamp capsule.