Abstract: A radiation emission device is provided. The radiation emission device may include an anode, a first cathode, a heating device and an enclosure. The first cathode may include a first filament that emit an electron beam striking the anode to generate radioactive rays for imaging. The heating device may be located outside of the first cathode and be configured to warm up the anode. The enclosure may be configured to enclosure the first cathode and the anode.

Abstract: An LED light bulb and a fabrication method thereof are provided. A plurality of power wires for supplying electricity to an LED filament are fixed to form a power wire supporting structure for supporting and fixing the LED filament in position, without using a stem of a conventional LED light bulb, thereby simplifying fabrication processes of the LED light bulb and reducing fabrication costs thereof. Moreover, the LED light bulb does not require an internal space for accommodating the stem, and thus its length can be effectively reduced to ideally become a small-size light bulb.

Abstract: Provided are a field emission device and a method of manufacturing the same. The field emission device includes an anode electrode and a cathode electrode which are opposite to each other, a counter layer provided on the anode electrode, and a field emitter provided on the cathode electrode and facing the counter layer. Herein, the field emitter includes a carbon nanotube emitting cold electrons and a photoelectric material emitting photo electrons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode for an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube, a system for X-ray imaging, and a method for an assembly of a cathode for an X-ray tube. In order to provide a cathode with an improved and facilitated assembly, a cathode (10) for an X-ray tube is provided, comprising a filament (12), a support structure (14), a body structure (16), and a filament frame structure (18). The filament is provided to emit electrons towards an anode in an electron emitting direction (24), and the filament at least partially comprises a helical structure (26). Further, the filament is held by the support structure, which is fixedly connected to the body structure. The filament frame structure is provided for electron-optical focussing of the emitted electrons, and the filament frame structure is provided adjacent to the outer boundaries of the filament.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an emission source may be provided. The emission source may also include a gain medium including a halide semiconductor material. The emission source may further include a pump source configured to provide energy to the gain medium.

Abstract: An x-ray tube including dual, electrically-conductive emitter tubes to support and provide electrical power to an electron emitter. A method of evacuating and sealing the x-ray tube by drawing a vacuum on the x-ray tube through an inner tube of dual emitter tubes, then pinching the inner tube to seal off the enclosure and to maintain a vacuum therein.

Abstract: A flash lamp is disclosed including an insulative envelope containing a gas and housing a pair of arcing electrodes and characterized by an instance of isolated conductive material being formed at a predetermined location on the inside of the envelope adjacent an electrode. Further disclosed is a corresponding method of manufacturing a flash lamp and apparatus for the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards the prevention of high voltage instabilities within X-ray tubes. For example, in one embodiment, an X-ray tube is provided. The X-ray tube generally includes a stationary member, and a rotary member configured to rotate with respect to the stationary member during operation of the X-ray tube. The X-ray tube also includes a liquid metal bearing material disposed in a space between the shaft and the sleeve, a seal disposed adjacent to the space to seal the liquid metal bearing material in the space, and an enhanced surface area material disposed on a side of the seal axially opposite the space and configured to trap within the enhanced surface area material liquid metal bearing material that escapes the seal.

Abstract: An X-ray tube is produced by forming a first housing section 20 from sheet metal; forming a second housing section 22 from sheet metal, mounting an electron source 18 in one of the housing sections; mounting an anode 16 in one of the housing sections; and joining the housing sections 20, 22 together to form a housing defining a chamber with the electron source 18 and the anode 16 therein.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for a compact x-ray system that uses optical energy for triggering x-ray generation rather than a traditional filament. A photocathode is illuminated and the ensuing electrons are directed to an anode resulting in x-ray generation, resulting in increased x-ray source durability. Pulsing, beam forming, scanning, varying x-ray characteristics, longevity of source and other desirable attributes not currently available in the state of the art are achievable, through the use of shaped, multi-materialed photocathodes, shaped, multi-materialed anodes, arrays of optical lines, and so forth, as some examples. Inexpensive, highly controllable sources such as solid-state lasers can be used, permitting a wide variety of applications and power levels.

Abstract: An irradiation device is provided having a housing having an interior chamber and an infrared emitter arranged therein. The infrared emitter has an emitter tube made of high silica content glass having a round cross section and a defined outer diameter. Electrical connection elements are made of a metallic material and led out from the emitter tube through a seal. In order to provide the emitter with a long service life and potentially higher output, which is also suitable for being enclosed by a seal that separates the regions of different media, temperatures, or pressures, the emitter tube end also has a round cross section and the defined outer diameter. Between the electrical connection element and the emitter tube there is a seal containing at least one transition glass, which has a thermal expansion coefficient lying between that of the metallic material and that of the high silica content glass.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a frame forming a first portion of a vacuum enclosure, a rotating subsystem shaft positioned within the vacuum enclosure and having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the rotating subsystem shaft is attached to a first portion of the frame, a target positioned within the vacuum enclosure and attached to the rotating subsystem shaft between the first end and the second end, the target positioned to receive electrons from an electron source positioned within the vacuum enclosure, and a thermal compensator mechanically coupled to the second end of the rotating subsystem shaft and to a second portion of the frame, the thermal compensator forming a second portion of the vacuum enclosure.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a frame enclosing a high vacuum, a cathode positioned within the enclosure, and a target assembly. The target assembly includes a target cap, a focal track material positioned on the target cap to receive electrons from the cathode, and a foam material positioned within a cavity of the target cap and positioned proximate the focal track. The x-ray tube also includes a bearing assembly attached to the frame and configured to support the target assembly.

Abstract: An approach to activating a getter within a sealed vacuum cavity is disclosed. The approach uses inductive coupling from an external coil to a magnetically permeable material deposited in the vacuum cavity. The getter material is formed over this magnetically permeable material, and heated specifically thereby, leaving the rest of the device cavity and microdevice relatively cool. Using this inductive coupling technique, the getter material can be activated after encapsulation, and delicate structures and low temperature wafer bonding mechanisms may be used.

Abstract: An X-ray source device includes a substrate, a cathode electrode on the substrate, an emitter on the cathode electrode, an insulation body around the cathode electrode, a gate electrode on the insulation body, a first secondary electron emission layer at a side wall of the gate electrode and emitting secondary electrons upon collision with an electron beam emitted by the emitter, and an anode electrode separated from the gate electrode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for a compact x-ray system that uses optical energy for triggering x-ray generation rather than a traditional filament. A photocathode is illuminated and the ensuing electrons are directed to an anode resulting in x-ray generation, resulting in increased x-ray source durability. Pulsing, beam forming, scanning, varying x-ray characteristics, longevity of source and other desirable attributes not currently available in the state of the art are achievable, through the use of shaped, multi-materialed photocathodes, shaped, multi-materialed anodes, arrays of optical lines, and so forth, as some examples. Inexpensive, highly controllable sources such as solid-state lasers can be used, permitting a wide variety of applications and power levels.

Abstract: A method for forming a tip for a carbon nanotube wire is introduced. The method includes the following steps. A carbon nanotube wire is provided. A laser beam irradiates the carbon nanotube wire until the carbon nanotube wire is broken off such that the carbon nanotube wire forms a taper-shaped tip. A scan power of the laser beam is in a range from about 1 watt to about 10 watts. A scan speed of the laser beam is equal to or less than 200 millimeters per second.

Abstract: An electron beam generator includes a cathode electrode; and a first insulating layer, a gate, a second insulating layer and a focusing gate sequentially on the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode, the first insulating layer, the gate, the second insulating layer and the focusing gate are individually separable from each other and combinable with each other.

Abstract: An x-ray tube having a coated x-ray tube frame inner surface and a coated anode assembly is provided. The x-ray tube includes an x-ray tube frame in which an anode assembly is disposed therein. A cathode assembly is also disposed within the x-ray tube frame that emits an electron beam to strike a target surface of the anode assembly and form x-rays. A plasma-sprayed tungsten oxide coating is formed on an inner surface of the x-ray tube frame and on the anode assembly to dissipate heat created by the electron beam.

Abstract: A rotary anode for a rotary anode X-ray tube has an anode disc with a supporting portion. A focal track is located in the vicinity of an outer diameter of the anode disc. The supporting portion has inhomogeneous material properties along a radial coordinate of the anode disc to provide a high mechanical load capacity in the area of an inner diameter of the anode disc and a high thermal load capacity at the focal track. These measures provide for a rotary anode for a rotary anode X-ray tube that meets the extreme thermal and mechanical loads during operation. Further, a method for manufacturing such a rotary anode is described as well.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an X-ray tube includes an electron beam source including a primary cathode configured to emit an electron beam and an anode assembly including an anode configured to receive the electron beam and to emit X-rays when impacted by the electron beam. The X-ray tube also includes an enclosure, at least the primary cathode and the anode being disposed in the enclosure, and a secondary cathode disposed in the enclosure and configured to emit electrons to impact the anode for degassing the enclosure.

Abstract: A light source, e.g., for optical excitation of a laser device, includes a diode laser having a large number of emitters and a light-guiding device, the light-guiding device including a large number of optical fibers. Each fiber has a first end and a lateral surface, the first ends being arranged relative to the emitters in such a manner that light generated by the emitters is coupled into the first ends of the optical fibers, the optical fibers being arranged in abutting relationship along their lateral surfaces at least in the region of their first ends. The optical fibers are connected in the region of their first ends to a fiber support.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an electron collector includes a body having an internal bore formed therethrough along a first direction and a window side having an aperture formed in a first portion thereof along a second direction different from the first direction. The apparatus also includes a cover plate having a bottom surface coupled to a second portion of the first surface of the electron collector, and an x-ray transmission window coupled to the cover plate and aligned with the aperture along the second direction, wherein a recess is formed along the second direction in one of the first portion of the first surface of the electron collector and a portion of the bottom surface of the cover plate, and wherein a gap is formed between the bottom surface of the cover plate and the first surface of the electron collector.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a housing enclosing a vacuum chamber, a cathode positioned within the vacuum chamber configured to emit electrons, and an anode positioned within the vacuum chamber to receive the electrons emitted from the cathode and generate a beam of x-rays from the electrons. The x-ray tube also includes a magnetic coupler drive configured to rotate the anode, with the magnetic coupler drive having an inner rotor frame positioned within the vacuum chamber and an outer rotor frame positioned outside the vacuum chamber and adjacent the inner rotor frame. The magnetic coupler drive also includes an inner rotor magnet mounted to the inner rotor frame and an outer rotor magnet mounted to the outer rotor frame. The inner and outer rotor magnets interact to generate a magnetic field that transfers torque from the outer rotor to the inner rotor, thereby causing the inner rotor to rotate the anode.

Abstract: A high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) comprising an envelope (2) of high temperature resistant material having a discharge vessel (3) and two electrodes (5, 6) extending from two seal portions (4) into the discharge vessel (3), the two electrodes having an electrode gap (de) smaller than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, is described. The discharge vessel (3) contains a filling which essentially comprises the following substances: rare gas, oxygen, halogen consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, or a mixture thereof, as well as mercury in a quantity greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/mm3? The seal portions (4) have a cross-sectional area of between 6 mm2 and 20 mm2, preferably approximately 10 mm2. A method of manufacturing such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) and a projector system for such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) are also described.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes an electron emitter. The electron emitter comprises a conductive member that defines a plurality of filament segments that are integral with each other. Each filament segment includes an intermediate portion and an interconnecting portion attached to an adjacent filament segment. The intermediate portions are substantially coplanar with each other and each intermediate portion includes a substantially planar electron emission surface.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging system includes a detector positioned to receive x-rays, and an x-ray tube coupled to a mount structure. The x-ray tube is configured to generate x-rays toward the detector and includes a target, a cathode cup, an emitter attached to the cathode cup and configured to emit a beam of electrons toward the target, the emitter having a length and a width, and a one-dimensional grid positioned between the emitter and the target and attached to the cathode cup at one or more attachment points. The one-dimensional grid includes a plurality of rungs that each extend in a direction of the width of the emitter, and the plurality of rungs are configured to expand and contract relative to the one or more attachment points without substantial distortion with respect to the emitter.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a center shaft having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface forming a portion of a cavity therein, a mount having an inner surface, the mount having an x-ray target attached thereto, and a liquid metal positioned between the outer surface of the center shaft and the inner surface of the mount. The x-ray tube further includes a flow diverter positioned in the cavity, the flow diverter having a wall with an inner surface, and a plurality of jets passing through the wall, wherein the plurality of jets are configured such that when a fluid is flowed into the flow diverter and passes along its inner surface, a portion of the fluid passes through the plurality of jets and is directed toward the inner surface of the center shaft.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes an anode. The anode comprises an anode hub, an annular target and a plurality of spokes. The spokes connect the anode hub to the annular target. The spokes are configured to substantially mechanically and/or thermally isolate the anode hub from the annular target.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a vacuum enclosure, a shaft having a first end and a second end, a flange attached to the first end of the shaft, the flange having an outer perimeter, and a ferrofluid seal assembly having an inner bore, the inner bore having an outer perimeter smaller than the outer perimeter of the flange. The shaft is inserted through the bore of the ferrofluid seal assembly such that the ferrofluid seal assembly is positioned between the first end of the shaft and the second end of the shaft and such that the first end extends into the vacuum enclosure, and the ferrofluid seal is configured to fluidically seal the vacuum enclosure from an environment into which the second end of the shaft extends.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a rotatable shaft having a first end and a second end, a target coupled to the first end of the rotatable shaft, the target positioned to generate x-rays toward a subject upon impingement of electrons thereon, and an impeller coupled to the second end of the rotatable shaft and positioned to blow a gas into an inlet of an aperture passing into the rotatable shaft.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a cathode and a target assembly positioned to receive electrons emitted from the cathode. The target assembly includes a target and a spiral groove bearing (SGB) configured to support the target. The SGB includes a rotatable component having a first surface and a first material attached to the first surface, a stationary component having a second surface and a second material attached to the second surface, the stationary component positioned such that a gap is formed between the first material and the second material, and a liquid metal positioned in the gap. At least one of the first and second materials has a thickness greater than 0.1 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkali metal generating agent and others for formation of a photo-cathode or a secondary-electron emitting surface capable of stably generating an alkali metal. The alkali metal generating agent is used in formation of a photo-cathode for emitting a photoelectron corresponding to incident light, or in formation of a secondary-electron emitting surface for emitting secondary electrons corresponding to an incident electron. Particularly, the alkali metal generating agent contains at least an oxidizer comprising at least one vanadate with an alkali metal ion as a counter cation, and a reducer for reducing the ion. An alkali metal generating device comprises at least the alkali metal generating agent and a case housing it, and the case is provided with a discharge port for discharging the vapor of the alkali metal.

Abstract: A compound body has a first body part (15) made of glass and a mechanical connection (20, 60) which is melted on the first body part (15) and contains aluminum.

Abstract: An insulator for a vacuum tube is disclosed and includes an electrically insulative bulk material and a first antiferroelectric coating applied to a first portion of the bulk material.

Abstract: One or more components of an x-ray cathode assembly are manufactured using a metal deposition process. The deposition process is carried out by providing a cathode shield and a cathode head with a cathode cup and a filament slot fabricated from a first metal, and forming a coating comprising a second metal on at least a portion of at least one of the filament slot, cathode cup, cathode head, and/or cathode shield using a deposition process so as to yield the x-ray cathode assembly. The deposition process is continued until a desired thickness of metal is achieved. Example deposition processes include electroforming, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma spray, high velocity oxygen fuel thermal spray, and detonation thermal spraying.

Abstract: A rotating anode plate for rotating anode x-ray tubes, has a curved disc to be attached positively on a rotation center. The curved disc is formed of a material with high thermal shock resistance that is creep-resistant and simultaneously highly heat-conductive. Particularly suitable materials are ceramics made of silicon carbide (SiC) or alloys made of molybdenum-titanium-zirconium (TZM).

Abstract: Device for generating X-rays, comprising: —a field emission cathode (10) configured to emit electrons when an electrical field is applied to the cathode (10); and—an anode (20), the anode being configured to generate X-rays as a result of receiving electrons from the field emission cathode (10); wherein the cathode (10) comprises an electron emission surface (S) extending opposite the anode (20), the cathode (10) being configured to emit electrons substantially from the electron emission surface (S) during use.

Abstract: A modular insulator assembly for an x-ray tube includes an annular insulator having a cylindrical perimeter wall, the insulator constructed of an electrically insulative material. A wall member is fixedly attached to and extending beyond the cylindrical perimeter wall, and a first shield positioned adjacent to the wall member and having an end extending proximate a corner formed by the wall member and the insulator.

Abstract: A transmission type X-ray tube includes an electrode lead (4) holding a cathode filament (7) and a stem unit (1) to which a sealing member (5), an exhaust tube (2), and the like are attached by brazing, and an irradiation window frame (8) having an X-ray irradiation window (9) attached by brazing. The other end side (52) of the sealing member (5) is attached to an open end (83) of the irradiation window frame (8) by welding. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high-quality transmission type X-ray tube having a long service life at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing a molybdenum-molybdenum or molybdenum alloy-molybdenum alloy brazing. In accordance with the invention this method comprises the following steps: —providing at least two parts (16, 22) made of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy; —brazing together said two parts (16, 22) using a brazing material (26); and—providing a plasma-sprayed molybdenum of molybdenum alloy layer (28) at least on a portion of the brazing material (26) that would be accessible otherwise.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.

Abstract: An anode plate for an X-ray tube includes an outer edge, a center region, and a plurality of slots disposed along the outer edge and extending toward the center region (210b) with each of the plurality of slots including a slot end. The anode plate further includes slot termination material disposed around a least a portion of the periphery of one or more of the slot ends, the slot termination material operable to reduce the tension stress or compression stress at the slot end.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an X ray tube assembly is provided. The X ray tube assembly comprises an evacuated envelope, an anode disposed at a first end of the evacuated envelope and a cathode assembly disposed at a second end of the evacuated envelope. The cathode assembly comprises a cathode filament and a cathode cup defining a plurality of electrically isolated deflection electrodes. Further, the cathode cup comprises at least two portions, a first portion comprising an electrically conductive material and a second portion comprising an electrically insulating material. In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing the X ray tube assembly is provided.

Abstract: A target for generating x-rays includes a target substrate comprising at least one layer of a target material, a track comprising at least one layer of a track material, the track configured to generate x-rays from high-energy electrons impinging thereon, and a braze joint attaching the target substrate to the track.

Abstract: A miniature x-ray tube capable of intra vascular use, has a micro cathode preferably formed by MEMS techniques. The very fine wire of the cathode filament is formed on a semiconductor base and draws a current sufficiently low that lead wires in a cathode heater circuit, passing through a probe line connected to the x-ray tube, can be very small wires, which helps maintain sufficient dielectric spacing in the high voltage circuit handled by the same probe line. In a preferred embodiment the probe line comprises a glass fiber, held at a small diameter to allow flexibility for navigating small-radius turns within the vessels. In a preferred embodiment the fiber is overcoated with a high-dielectric polymer to significantly increase the dielectric strength of the overall cable, without adding significantly to stiffness. The high voltage ground conductor is a coaxial sheath on the outside of the polymer. Exterior to the ground conductor is a further flexible layer having paths for coolant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a radiographic apparatus, and its method of manufacture, that utilizes a single integral housing for providing an evacuated envelope for an anode and cathode assembly. The integral housing is formed from a substrate material, such as Kovar, that has a radiation shielding layer, which is comprised of a powder metal that is deposited with a plasma spray process. The powder metal includes, for example, tungsten and iron, so that the radiation shield layer provides sufficient radiation blocking and heat transfer characteristics such that an additional external housing is not required. The integral housing is air cooled, and thus does not utilize any liquid coolant. In addition, the assembly utilizes a dielectric gel polymer material to electrically insulate electrical connections on the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of connecting workpieces which is suitable notably for connecting an anode rod (5) to an end plate (6) of a rotor sleeve (7) in a rotary anode X-ray tube where on the one hand adequate strength is required and on the other hand an as small as possible cross-section of the anode rod so as to realize a heat barrier. The method is characterized mainly in that the objects are connected to one another by friction welding and that the cross-section is reduced, that is, outside a connecting zone in which the friction weld is situated, in such a manner that the strength of the connecting zone is at least slightly greater than that of the segment of reduced cross-section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube includes arranging the tube with its neck part in a downward position, and covering the inner surface of its funnel-shaped part with a carrier liquid including a conductive material. Carrier liquid is supplied through a pipe positioned near an edge of the funnel-shaped part and close to the inner surface of the funnel-shaped part. The pipe and the funnel-shaped part are moved with respect to each other so that a projection of the pipe on the inner surface describes a trajectory on the inner surface of the funnel-shaped part which is substantially parallel to the edge of the funnel-shaped part, thus allowing the carrier liquid to drain downwardly, thereby leaving a coating formed by a residue of the conductive material on the inner surface. During the covering step, the pipe and the funnel-shaped part are moved with respect to each other to describe a non-closed loop trajectory, such that a high-voltage connection element is not completely coated.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.