Abstract: Second-order intermodulation distortion can be suppressed in a direct conversion radio receiver having a downconversion mixer by calibrating resistors and a current source in the mixer. A test signal is applied to the signal inputs of the mixer transconductor. The resistances of first and second variable resistor circuits connected to the switching quad are then varied while also varying a variable current source. Each time the resistances and current are set to new values, the resulting mixer output signal is measured. When the measured output signal is determined to be at a minimum, the variable resistors and current source are left at the corresponding values to which they have been set. Adjusted in this manner, the current source counteracts the DC offset voltage at the mixer output.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for simultaneous FM transmission and FM reception using a shared antenna and a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) may be disclosed. In a FM transceiver that receives FM signals at a frequency f1 and transmits FM signals at a frequency f2, aspects of the method may include generating via a DDFS, a signal corresponding to a difference between f1 and f2 to enable simultaneous transmission and reception of FM signals via shared antenna.

Abstract: A dual conversion receiver architecture that converts a radio frequency signal to produce a programmable intermediate frequency whose channel bandwidth and frequency can be changed using variable low-pass filtering to accommodate multiple standards for television and other wireless standards. The dual conversion receiver uses a two stage frequency translation and continual DC offset removal. The dual conversion receiver can be completely implemented on an integrated circuit with no external adjustments.

Abstract: A real-time/non-real-time/RF IC includes first and second baseband processing modules, an RF section, a wireline interface, and a bus structure. The first baseband processing module converts real-time outbound data into real-time outbound symbols and converts real-time inbound symbols into real-time inbound data. The second baseband processing module converts non-real-time outbound data into non-real-time outbound symbols and converts non-real-time inbound symbols into non-real-time inbound data. The RF section converts the real-time outbound symbols into real-time outbound RF signals, converts real-time inbound RF signals into the real-time inbound symbols, converts the non-real-time outbound symbols into non-real-time outbound RF signals, and converts non-real-time inbound RF signals into the non-real-time symbols. The wireline interface couples the non-real-time outbound data, the non-real-time inbound data, the real-time outbound data, and/or the real-time inbound data to an off-chip wireline connection.

Abstract: An upconverter includes a switching architecture configured to receive an input signal, a first local oscillator (LO) signal, and a second local oscillator (2LO) signal that is at a frequency that is twice a frequency of the local oscillator (LO) signal, wherein the switching architecture is configured to switch the input signal on transitions of the second local oscillator (2LO) signal, and wherein the first local oscillator signal and the second local oscillator signal are combined to form combined LO 2LO switching signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving Physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel in a wireless mobile communication system using multi-carriers is disclosed. This method comprises a first reception step of receiving signaling information indicating that a number (N1) of first downlink channels allocated to the first frequency band is 0 through the second frequency band, and a decision step of deciding the number (N1) of first downlink channels allocated to the first frequency band to be 0.

Abstract: A signal processing method and system are provided. The method includes receiving an input signal within a first frequency range, the input signal including a desired signal and an interference signal. The method includes down-converting the input signal to a second frequency range, which is lower than the first frequency range, using an offset local oscillator signal having a frequency substantially equal to the central frequency of the desired signal. The method includes separating the interference signal from the down-converted input signal. The method includes up-converting the separated interference signal to the first frequency range. The method includes subtracting the up-converted interference signal from the input signal at the first frequency range to obtain an interference removed signal. The method includes down-converting the interference removed signal to a third frequency range, which is lower than the first frequency range, using a local oscillator signal, for demodulating.

Abstract: A receiver implemented without using a phase locked loop frequency synthesizer and a receiving method of a receiver implemented without using a phase locked loop frequency synthesizer are provided. The receiver includes a radio frequency (RF) receiving unit; a band-selecting unit; an RF amplifier; a local oscillation (LO) signal generator; a mixer; an IF amplifier; an analog to digital (A/D) converter; and a channel-selecting unit. The method includes passing a frequency band of a radio frequency (RF) signal received by an RF receiving unit; amplifying the passed RF signal; generating a local oscillation (LO) signal having a fixed frequency; mixing the LO signal with the amplified RF signal to lower the frequency of the amplified RF signal; outputting an intermediate frequency (IF) signal; amplifying the IF signal; converting the amplified IF signal into a digital signal; and selectively passing frequencies of the digital signal corresponding to a specific channel.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for optimization of RF converters. The techniques can be employed, for instance, in RF converters implemented in semiconductor materials (system-on-chip, or chip set) or with discrete components on a printed circuit board. In any such cases, the RF converter system can be configured with one or more actuators to adjust performance, one or more sensor to assess the performance (e.g., linearity of RF converter) and parameters of interest (e.g., ambient temperature, and a control block for controlling the sensors and actuators. The configuration allows the RF converter to autonomously self-optimize for linearity or other parameters of interest such as gain, noise figure, and dynamic range, across a broad range of variables.

Abstract: A direct conversion multi-band TV tuner includes: a plurality of RF (radio frequency) paths for processing the RF signal and for generating a plurality of processed RF signals, respectively; and a TSC (tri-state chopper) based quadrature frequency converter for receiving one of said processed RF signals and converting the received processed RF signal into a in-phase baseband signal and a quadrature baseband signals; wherein the TSC based quadrature frequency converter operates in accordance with a first set of periodic three-state control signals and a second set of periodic three-state control signals that are approximately 90 degrees offset from the first set of periodic three-state control signals.

Abstract: Fast image rejection. Dual down conversion processing of a received signal by performing both low side injection and high side injection thereby generating a first down converted signal and a second down converted signal. Analysis of one or both of the first and second down converted signals, including the signal and image components thereof, is performed to determine which of the first down converted signal and the second down converted signal is appropriate to be selected for subsequent baseband processing. For example, if a signal strength of an image within the first down converted signal is less than a signal strength of a signal component within the first down converted signal, then the first down converted signal is most likely the appropriate signal to undergo baseband processing. Alternatively, if the converse is true, then the second down converted signal may be the appropriate signal to undergo baseband processing.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes an RF transmitter that generates an outbound RF signal at a carrier frequency that is based on a transmitter local oscillation. An RF front-end receives an inbound RF signal that includes a desired signal component that is based on the outbound RF signal and that includes an undesired signal component. The RF front-end includes a first RF combiner module that attenuates the undesired signal component to produce a desired RF signal. A down conversion module generates a down converted signal from the desired RF signal based on a receiver local oscillation. A receiver processing module generates inbound data from the down converted signal. A frequency control module controls a frequency of the transmitter local oscillation and a frequency of the receiver local oscillation, based on an interference rejection signal, to control the attenuation of the undesired signal component.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for down-converting an electromagnetic (EM) signal by aliasing the EM signal, and applications thereof are described herein. Reducing or eliminating DC offset voltages and re-radiation generated when down-converting an electromagnetic (EM) signal is also described herein. Down-converting a signal and improving receiver dynamic range is also described herein.

Abstract: A method of providing an input signal to a mixer circuit comprises coupling an output signal from a low-noise amplifier circuit to a mixer input of the mixer circuit via an AC coupling circuit, comprising an inductive of capacitive coupling circuit. For capacitive coupling configurations, a coupling capacitor is configured to have a capacitance value determined as a function of a transconductance sensitivity of the mixer circuit. For balanced output configurations of the low-noise amplifier circuit, matched coupling capacitors are used for coupling the balanced output signals to respective inputs of the mixer circuit. In one embodiment, the mixer circuit comprises a quadrature mixer circuit, which may be in a balanced or double-balanced configuration. In another embodiment, the mixer circuit comprises a four-phase mixer circuit, which may be configured as a balanced four-phase mixer circuit coupled to the low-noise amplifier circuit via inductive or capacitive embodiments of the coupling circuit.

Abstract: A receiver circuit comprising a quadrature passive mixer having an input and an output, and an input impedance of the quadrature passive mixer provides a band-pass response. One or more output impedances coupled to the output of the quadrature passive mixer. A low noise amplifier (LNA) having an input and an output coupled to the quadrature passive mixer, the LNA configured to provide substantially linear transconductance over a predetermined input range.

Abstract: A single-ended-to-differential mixer includes a differential input circuit having a single-ended input. The differential input circuit is responsive to a single-ended input signal to generate first and second signals. The single-ended-to-differential mixer includes a passive tank circuit in communication between a reference voltage and the differential input circuit. The single-ended-to-differential mixer includes a mixer circuit in communication with the differential input circuit and responsive to the first and second signals and a second input signal to generate a differential mixer output signal.

Abstract: A radio receiver includes a down-converter 110 for receiving a radio multiplexed signal containing a first signal and a second signal, multiplying the first signal and the second signal by a mixer 104 to thereby down-convert the radio multiplexed signal and generate an intermediate frequency signal 5e. The mixer 104 has a control section for controlling an operating bias of the mixer 104 in response to a signal strength of at least either one of the first signal or the second signal. Thus, the dynamic range of the mixer can be widened so that stable image characteristics can be obtained over a wide range of transmission distance.

Abstract: In the communication system, a transmission signal based on the first radio access scheme is generated, and in the communication system a transmission signal based on the second radio access scheme different from the first radio access scheme is generated. A usage status of the frequency spectrum of the transmission signal based on the first radio access scheme, as well as the known parameters of the transmission signal based on the second radio access scheme, are determined by the pulse-shaping controller. Then, the pulse-shaping controller performs control so as to pulse-shape the transmission signal based on the first radio access scheme by means of the transmit filter on the basis of the result of the above determination, or performs control so as to pulse-shape the transmission signal based on the second radio access scheme by means of the transmit filter on the basis of the result of the above determination.

Abstract: Disclosed are hybrid heterodyne transmitters and receivers for use in communications systems, or other systems, and the corresponding methods for hybrid heterodyne transmitting and receiving. A heterodyne receiver for converting a continuous time modulated signal to a discrete time digital baseband signal includes a sigma-delta modulator. The sigma-delta modulator is a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter constructed and arranged to receive a modulated signal at an RF carrier frequency and provide a quantized output at a first intermediate frequency. The heterodyne receiver may also include a digital mixer constructed and arranged to receive a data stream quantized by the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter and receive a signal at a second mixing frequency. The digital mixer then provides digital signals representative of a baseband signal suitable for digital signal processing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of compensating for a direct voltage offset in a direct conversion receiver of a wireless communications system is provided.

Abstract: Provided is a reception device that selectively receives an analog broadcast signal and a digital broadcast signal. The reception device includes: an oscillation unit operable to output an oscillator signal; a frequency conversion unit operable to output an IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal group based on the oscillator signal outputted from the oscillation unit and a reception signal; a filter unit connected to an output side of the frequency conversion unit; and a control unit operable to control a frequency of the oscillator signal outputted from the oscillation unit. The control unit controls: the frequency of the oscillator signal to be within a reception frequency band when receiving the digital broadcast signal; and the frequency of the oscillator signal to be outside the reception frequency band when receiving the analog broadcast signal. With this configuration, it is possible to improve reception quality when receiving an analog broadcast signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) module includes a multilayer substrate having dielectric layers and metallization layers that include one or more circuit elements. The metallization layers are located between the dielectric layers. The RF module also includes a symmetric transmission input associated with the multilayer substrate, an RF element on the multilayer substrate to provide RF functionality, and a balun integrated in the substrate behind the symmetric transmission input.

Abstract: A broadband balanced frequency converter (“BBFC”) in signal communication with a frequency source is disclosed. The BBFC may include a mixer and an active balancing element in signal communication with the mixer.

Abstract: The use of white space devices in unused portions of the television channel spectrum is facilitated by spectrum sensing techniques that combine interference rejection techniques with feature extraction techniques to detect presence or absence of incumbent users in the spectrum.

Abstract: Operating a radio receiver can include identifying a set of stations that broadcast a radio program using different frequencies or different transmission protocols at substantially the same time. Broadcast signal strength, or some other signal quality metric, of broadcast signals from the stations can be evaluated, and the radio receiver can be tuned to one of the stations in the set of stations based on the evaluation.

Abstract: A frequency converter (100) is provided, comprising: a pulse generator (150) configured to receive a balanced local oscillator signal pair and to generate a balanced rectangular pulse signal pair having the reference frequency; and a mixer (160) configured to mix an input signal having an input frequency with the balanced rectangular pulse signal pair to generate an output signal having an output frequency. The input frequency is different from the output frequency, and the pulse generator and the mixer are formed on a single integrated circuit (120). The frequency converter may comprise a balanced local oscillator (110) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair. The balanced local oscillator may comprise: an unbalanced local oscillator (130) configured to provide an unbalanced local oscillator signal having the reference frequency; and a balun (140) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair based on the unbalanced local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A received low-frequency standard radio wave, which is an amplitude modulation signal, is converted to an intermediate frequency signal Sa, and is output to a detection circuit and an AGC circuit. The detection circuit and AGC circuit generates an RF control signal Sf1 and IF control signal Sf2 from the input intermediate frequency signal Sa, and controls an RF control circuit and IF control circuit by outputting the generated RF control signal Sf1 and IF control signal Sf2 to the RF control circuit and IF control circuit. By this a radio wave reception device can speed up AGC operation.

Abstract: A digital radio frequency memory (DFRM) which converts an incoming analog radio frequency signal to a fourteen bit digital signal allowing for digital signal processing and then retransmitted as an analog RF signal. The DFRM provides a time delay for RF signals by storing the signal. The DFRM also changes the signal frequency in the range of plus or minus 100,000 KHz which places a doppler on the signal. The signal phase is changed in a range of 0 to 359 degrees by the DFRM.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for dynamic frequency scaling of an intermediate frequency (IF) signal within a radio device.

Abstract: A receiver receiving a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and generating a baseband signal is provided. An RF module receives the RF signal and down convert the RF signal according to a first oscillation frequency to generate an Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal. An IF module is coupled to the RF module and arranged to receive the IF signal and down convert the IF signal according to a second oscillation frequency to generate the baseband signal. A calibration module is coupled to the RF module and arranged to calculate the IF signal according to a third oscillation frequency to detect an I/Q mismatch, and generate an adjustment signal, accordingly, to calibrate the I/O mismatch.

Abstract: To provide a communication device in which an operation of demodulating a reception signal can be performed with good accuracy. The communication device controls a parameter used when the reception signal is demodulated by a demodulation unit (104) according to an estimated frequency offset that is estimated from the reception signal and information obtained from the estimated frequency offset.

Abstract: A method of generating an output signal comprises receiving an input signal, mixing the input signal with a reference signal having a reference frequency to obtain an intermediate frequency signal having an intermediate frequency, filtering the intermediate frequency signal using a filter having a filter characteristic that is configured according to the intermediate frequency and performing frequency translation on the filtered intermediate frequency signal to obtain the output signal.

Abstract: A wireless device includes processing circuitry, a receiver section, a transmitter section, and an antenna. The processing circuitry determines a set of information signals of a RF Multiple Frequency Bands Multiple Standards (MFBMS) signal. The receiver section down-converts a portion of the RF MFBMS signal by one or more respective shift frequencies to produce a corresponding baseband/low Intermediate Frequency (BB/IF) information signal from which the processing circuitry extracts data. The transmitter section converts a respective BB/IF information signal received from the processing circuitry by a respective shift frequency to produce a corresponding RF information signal and a combiner that combines the RF information signals to form a RF MFBMS signal. Each of the receiver section and the transmitter section may include analog signal path elements that are adjustable based upon characteristics of the RF MFBMS signal, the BB/IF MFBMS signal, and/or based upon signals carried therein, e.g.

Abstract: A wireless device includes processing circuitry and a Radio Frequency (RF) receiver section. The processing circuitry determines a set of information signals for receipt, the set of information signals carried by a RF Multiple Frequency Bands Multiple Standards (MFBMS) signal having a plurality of information signal frequency bands. The processing circuitry determines a shift frequency based upon the determination. the RF receiver section receives the RF MFBMS signal and down-converts the RF MFBMS signal by the shift frequency to produce a baseband/low Intermediate Frequency (BB/IF) MFBMS signal. The processing circuitry then extracts data from the set of information signals of the BB/IF MFBMS signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for improving the coverage of a wireless network based on frequency shifting scheme. A wireless signal in a frequency band is shifted to another distinct band, and carried in the shifted band, using wired or wireless mediums to another location, wherein the wireless signal is shifted back to the original frequency band. The frequency shifting may make use of a conventional frequency shifting schemes such as mixer/filter and heterodyne. In one embodiment the wireless signal is frequency shifted by converting it to other representing signals (such as I/Q components) and forming the frequency-shifted signal from the representations. The system is may be used to increase in-door or outdoor coverage, as well as bridging between in-door and outdoor networks. The medium may use dedicated wiring or existing service wiring in a residence or building, including LAN, telephone, AC power and CATV wiring.

Abstract: Provided is a digital signal processing device, specifically a modular application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), having a programmable crosspoint switch for facilitating data transfer and processing within the circuit. A programmable matrix element is operable to perform advanced matrix operations (arithmetic operations) according to user provided commands. The crosspoint switch interconnects the programmable matrix element with various other processing or conditioning modules (i.e. down conversion, filter, pulse processing and demodulation modules) to ensure parallel processing at System Clock rates. The ASIC, which is reconfigurable at a top-level according to user requirements, facilitates design changes and bench testing.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a wireless device receiver chain includes a mixer with a common-gate common-source (CGCS) input stage. Differential signals from an off-chip matching network may be input to the CGCS input stage of the mixer, which downconverts the signals to baseband or some intermediate frequency. The input stage includes a pair of NMOS transistors in a common-gate configuration and a pair of PMOS transistors in a common-source configuration. A potential advantage of the CGCS input stage over the existing CGO transconductance stage configuration is that by adding a common-source stage through the PMOS differential-pair, the transconductance gain is decoupled from the high Q matching network.

Abstract: An electronic chip has a data input for receiving an input digital data signal with a data frequency, a plurality of switches, and a logic circuit operatively coupled with both the plurality of switches and the data input. The logic circuit controls the switches to be in one of a DAC mode or a mixer mode. The DAC mode causes the switches to convert the input digital data signal into a DAC analog signal having about the data frequency. The mixer mode, however, causes the switches to convert the input digital data signal into a mixed analog signal having a mixer frequency that is higher than the data frequency.

Abstract: A RF receiver includes a low noise amplifier and blocking module, a down conversion module, and a local oscillation module. The low noise amplifier and blocking module is coupled to receive an inbound RF signal, wherein the amplified inbound RF signal includes a desired RF signal component and a blocking RF signal component; attenuate the blocking RF signal component of the amplified inbound RF signal; and pass, substantially unattenuated and amplified, the desired RF signal component of the inbound RF signal to produce a desired inbound RF signal. The down conversion module is coupled to convert desired inbound RF signal into an inbound signal based on a receive local oscillation. The local oscillation module is coupled to produce the receive local oscillation, wherein the local oscillation module includes a notch filter module coupled to attenuate signal components of the receive local oscillation at frequencies corresponding to harmonics of the blocking RF signal component.

Abstract: A monolithic substrate contains an integrated circuit comprising an amplifier having input and output, a mixer and a hybrid coupler for coupling the amplifier to the mixer. Metallic pads on the substrate are connected to each of two ports of the coupler and separate metallic pads are also connected to each of the input and output of the amplifier. The metallic pads allow the amplifier and mixer to be separately tested by a probe and the input or the output of the amplifier to be selectively connected to the mixer to enable the circuit to operate either as a receiver or transmitter. Alternatively, connections between the mixer and both input and output of the amplifier may be preformed and one of the connections subsequently severed depending on whether the circuit is to operate in receive or transmit mode.

Abstract: A DC offset estimator and removal circuit removes the DC offsets for each of the I and Q signal components in a received signal. A gain imbalance estimator and compensator circuit estimates and compensates for gain imbalances within the I and Q signal components. A phase imbalance estimator and compensator circuit estimates and compensates for phase imbalances within the I and Q signal components to produce a communications signal that is compensated for received DC offsets and gain and phase imbalances within the I and Q signal components.

Abstract: When a power supply switch is turned on and an RF signal and an LO signal are input to a bipolar transistor, a mixed signal of both signals is output as an IF signal. When the power supply switch is turned off, the bipolar transistor operates as two diodes connected between a base terminal and an emitter terminal and between the base terminal and a collector terminal. When the IF signal and the LO signal are input, the input signals are mixed with each other by the diodes and the RF signal is output. Accordingly, one frequency conversion has a plus conversion gain and when bidirectional frequency conversion is performed by the use of one frequency converter, an external circuit such as a signal path switching switch is not necessary.

Abstract: A dual conversion receiver architecture that converts a radio frequency signal to produce a programmable intermediate frequency whose channel bandwidth and frequency can be changed using variable low-pass filtering to accommodate multiple standards for television and other wireless standards. The dual conversion receiver uses a two stage frequency translation and continual DC offset removal. The dual conversion receiver can be completely implemented on an integrated circuit with no external adjustments.

Abstract: An adapter for RF front end processor chip wherein the RF front end processor chip includes a low noise amplifier which is used to receive a RF filter signal so as to generate a first signal. An adapter is used to receive a first signal so as to induce and generate a second signal and a third signal which is electrically reverse. Then a frequency mixer of the RF front end processor chip is used to receive the second signal and the third signal and a resonant signal, the second signal and the third signal are used to generate a medium frequency signal. Wherein, adapter includes a primary measured coil.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a frequency divider. The frequency divider includes an active mixer having a first mixer input, a second mixer input, and a mixer output. The first mixer input is adapted to receive an input signal having an input frequency, and the mixer output is adapted to provide a mixed signal based on the input signal. The frequency divider also includes an amplification element having an amplification input and an amplification output. The amplification input is adapted to receive the mixed signal and the amplification output is adapted to provide an amplification output signal having an output frequency. A feedback path, which includes an alternating current (AC) coupling element, couples the amplification output to the second mixer input. Other systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method of reducing frequency interference in a circuit when the harmonics of at least two frequencies could cause interference when such harmonics interact with each other. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to which harmonic could possibly support such interference, and based upon the determined harmonic, determining which combination within said determined harmonic is likely to cause the interference.

Abstract: Heretofore, a plurality of packages were used in a high frequency module in which a plurality of waveguide terminals were positioned resulting in problems, such as degradation of characteristics in the connection lines between packages, lower ease of assembly when mounting and connecting the connection lines, increased cost, and so forth. To solve these problems, a plurality of cavities having a part or the entire side metallized is formed in a multi-layer dielectric substrate. The multi-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of waveguide terminals, microstrip line-waveguide converters, RF lines, bias and control signal wiring, and bias and control signal pads. A high frequency circuit is mounted within the cavity and sealed with a seal and cover. This is intended to reduce the number of package, improve performance, improve fabrication, and lower the cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a demodulation circuit for demodulating an IF signal which is input via an antennal and then over-sampled at a sampling rate four times a frequency of a baseband signal, the demodulation circuit including a mixer for converting the IF signal down to a baseband signal using a coefficient corresponding to either sine values or cosine values, a DEMUX for dividing the down-converted baseband signal into a plurality of signals, and a PPF having a plurality of sub-filters for filtering the divided signals input from the DEMUX and a plurality of adders for operating the output signals of the sub-filters. As a result, the demodulation circuit can be realized in a small hardware size and is capable of reducing power consumption.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to separate from a received radio frequency (RF) signal a first low-frequency signal and a second low-frequency signal having different phases, up-convert the first low-frequency signal and the second low-frequency signal into a first intermediate frequency signal and a second intermediate frequency signal, respectively, and amplify the first and the second intermediate-frequency signals.

Abstract: An IDT produces a SAW when excited by a single electrical pulse and can be fabricated to embody a code, which code provides for a passive autocorrelation of a SAW input to the IDT and thereby lends itself to further application as a signal generator in a communication device. However, internal dimensions of IDTs are inversely proportional to operating frequency, such that high frequency IDTs present significant manufacturing difficulties. Fabrication of IDTs for high frequency applications is simplified by exploiting a harmonic frequency SAW generated by IDTs. An IDT may therefore be designed according to fundamental frequency internal dimension criteria but can operate at a multiple of the fundamental frequency, thereby providing much higher frequency operation than conventional SAW systems. Operation of a second harmonic SAW system at 2.4 GHz based on a fundamental frequency of 1.2 GHz is contemplated.