Abstract: The invention provides a coupling device between a metal wave guide (three dimensional system) and an electronic signal processing circuit (two dimensional system). The transition is provided by means of a dielectric wave guide introduced longitudinally into the metal wave guide. A chamfer cut in the dielectric guide concentrates the energy of the input signal on a face of the dielectric bar, at the interface with another dielectric material (isolated image guide). At this interface, a microstrip line transmits the energy to a semiconductor component.

Abstract: An arrangement for coupling waveguide modes between two waveguides via a semiconductor element. The two waveguides each have a short-circuiting end wall and a common side wall constituting a common partition wall between the waveguides so that the two waveguides extend parallel to, and overlap one another at least over a partial length where they are separated from one another by the common side wall. The common partition wall is provided with a coupling aperture and the semiconductor element is inserted into the coupling aperture between the two waveguides and is in ground contact with the common partition wall. The semiconductor element has two connectng arms, one connecting arm extending as a coupling probe into one of the waveguides and the other connecting arm extending as a coupling probe into the other waveguide.

Abstract: Local oscillator power is supplied to an array of single-ended microwave mixers by an offset horn. Each mixer has an integral antenna element.

Abstract: A double-balanced waveguide mixer is disclosed that utilizes a quad-ridge waveguide and a quad-diode ring. In a down-converter version of the mixer, the input signal is applied to one pair of opposed ridges of the quad-ridge waveguide and the local oscillator signal is applied to the other pair of opposed ridges. The diode ring is coupled through capacitors to one pair of opposed ridges, and is directly connected to the other pair of opposed ridges. The intermediate frequency is tapped off at the junction between the capacitors and the diode ring.

Abstract: In a waveguide-to-microstrip line coupling arrangement, a microstrip line is placed on an outer surface of a wall of a waveguide which is coupled with the microstrip line via a metallic post connected at its one end to a center strip conductor of the microstrip line and is inserted inside the waveguide via through-holes made in a ground plane of the microstrip line and in the wall of the waveguide where the diameter of the through-hole made in the ground plane is made smaller than that of the through-hole made in the wall of the waveguide. The waveguide has a short-circuited end and the metallic post is placed close to the short-circuited end. The coupling arrangement may be used in a microwave frequency converter having an microwave integrated circuit including a local oscillator and a mixer, where the MIC is located on an outer surface of a longitudinal wall extending from a short-circuited end to an open end.

Abstract: A novel mixer of good noise performance for operation at microwave frequencies (e.g. the 22 GHz communications band) is disclosed. The mixer comprises a waveguide to which signals and local oscillations are coupled, and from which the intermediate frequency output is derived. The principal circuitry is provided on a metallized substrate set within the waveguide in a "finline" construction. The metallized substrate performs the essential functions of impedance matching the mixer to the source of signal and local oscillations, a bridge for isolating the signal port from local oscillations and for isolating the LO port from the signal, and means to adjust the application of signal and load to the mixer diodes for optimum signal conversion. The noise figure achieved is approximately 4 db at 22 GHz, and represents an improvement over known competitive designs.

Abstract: In a microwave push-pull frequency converter having the form of a waveguide for effecting frequency conversion of a broadband microwave signal, which converter includes a converter module composed of a waveguide section and a pair of semiconductor mixer elements disposed in the waveguide section for effecting frequency conversion between a high frequency microwave signal and a low frequency microwave signal without intermediate frequency conversion, the converter further including a waveguide filter for the low frequency microwave signal connected to one side of the module, the waveguide filter includes a plurality of ridged waveguide sections and a plurality of blocking waveguide sections interposed between, and coupling, the ridged waveguide sections, and the converter module includes fastening devices supporting the semiconductor mixer elements and configured to give the coverter module the form of a ridged waveguide which permits the high and low frequency microwave signals to pass in a single mode.

Abstract: An image suppression mixer of the waveguide type is disclosed which includes a waveguide signal input terminal at one end of a waveguide, a local oscillation input terminal at the other end of the waveguide, a mixer diode inserted within the waveguide and an IF signal output terminal connected to the mixer diode. At least the width of the waveguide on the side of the waveguide signal input terminal is selected to be a cutoff dimension for the image frequencies f.sub.m and the local oscillation frequency f.sub.1 the waveguide signal frequencies f.sub.2, the local oscillation frequency f.sub.1 and the image frequencies f.sub.m are correlated as f.sub.m <f.sub.1 <f.sub.s.

Abstract: A radio-frequency mixer and a local oscillator integrated into a single housing, and including a Gunn-type oscillator coupled to the mixer by a section of microstrip transmission line and a section of suspended stripline. A broadside coupler in the suspended stripline provides dc and intermediate-frequency isolation for the mixer, and a block of dielectric material on the microstrip provides improved temperature compensation for the diode oscillator. The entire compact assembly has good conversion loss performance over a relatively wide frequency band, and is relatively insensitive to temperature changes.

Abstract: A mixer including a plurality of mixer diodes arranged at a junction formed by first, second and third waveguides. The first waveguide is a slot transmission line including spaced-apart conductive layers on each of the opposite sides of a dielectric substrate. The second waveguide is a coplanar transmission line including spaced-apart conductive layers and a central conductive layer on each side of the substrate. The third waveguide is a parallel plate transmission line including extended portions of the central conductive layers, which extend toward the slot in the first waveguide. The diodes electrically connect the extended portion of the central conductive layers to the spaced-apart conductive layers of the first waveguide.

Abstract: A compact police radar warning receiver is provided having an antenna in which all of the mixer and oscillator components are mounted to one side of the antenna enabling the exterior wall of the side opposite thereto to be constructed substantially flat and thereby function as one of the exterior walls of the housing. The antenna is further provided with an improved microwave oscillator, an impedance transformer and non-adjustably positioned tuning pins.

Abstract: A frequency converter is constituted by an unobstructed circular waveguide unit through one end of which received signals are fed thereto and conveying signals in the TE11 mode, a rectangular waveguide unit having a rectangular waveguide microstrip line converter unit in its output end and conveying signals in the TE10 mode, a circular-rectangular waveguide converter unit connecting the output end of the circular waveguide unit and the rectangular waveguide unit to convert the mode of transmission of signals from the TE11 mode in the circular waveguide unit to a principal transmission mode TE10 in the rectangular waveguide unit, and a microwave integrated circuit extending in the direction of and being on the H-wall side of the circular-rectangular waveguide converter unit and the rectangular waveguide unit and connected to the rectangular waveguide-microstrip line converter unit for processing the received signals and delivering the received signals as signals of an intermediate frequency.

Abstract: A compact satellite broadcasting receiver comprises a circular waveguide, a strip-line-shaped probe projected into the circular waveguide, a reflecting element provided downstream of the probe in the circular waveguide and a microwave circuit having a strip line provided around the circular waveguide and connected with the probe. Furthermore, a satellite broadcasting receiver capable of simultaneously receiving two kind of microwaves polarized perpendicularly to each other is realized by joining two compact satellite broadcasting receivers as mentioned above with their strip-line-shaped probes placed at a right angle.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed quasi-planar integrated circuit suitable for millimeter-wave transmission. The circuit is enclosed within a module having a metal frame soldered to a quartz window. Active elements, such as beam-lead diodes, are mounted on a conductive layer housed within the frame. The assembly is evacuated and may be filled with an inert gas to avoid condensation in humid operating conditions. The invention is particularly adaptable to use in a cross-bar signal mixer at frequencies up to 140 GHz. The structure is adaptable to cooling to reduce circuit losses and improve performance and operating efficiency. Resonant cavities are provided to permit tuning the mixer to fixed frequencies.

Abstract: An R.F. circuit with at least one R.F. transmission line including a strip conductor (15) and a ground plane (13) on an insulating substrate (3) and having two diodes (24, 25) respectively D.C.-connected to two portions (38,39) of the ground plane (13). The two portions are mutually D.C.-isolated by a slot (37) to enable the diodes (24, 25) to be biased. The substrate (3) is mounted in a housing (1, 2) of conductive material, and the two portions (38, 39) of the ground plane (13) are mutually R.F.-coupled via the conductive material. One of the portions (39) is electrically-connected to an adjacent housing member (2) and the other portion (38) is separated therefrom by a thin insulating layer. The slot (37) inhibits coupling of R.F. energy out of the circuit into the slot (37), suitably being very narrow, e.g. 20 .mu.m, so as to form a further transmission line with a very low characteristic impedance and also to have a high attenuation along its length for operation at mm-wavelengths.

Abstract: A monolithic mixer which is impedance matched to a fundamental waveguide, utilizes a slot coupler and a coplanar transmission line to apply an RF and local oscillator signal to a Schotty-barrier diode. The dielectric substrate is utilized to create a dielectric surface wave resonance which is utilized by centering a slot coupler with respect thereto, to provide a reactive image termination at the upper sideband and thereby enhance single and double sideband mixer operation. The IF signal which is available at the output of the Schottky-barrier diode is filtered by means of an RF bypass capacitor that is located on the dielectric substrate surface.

Abstract: In a microwave receiving apparatus using a waveguide filter, the waveguide filter is disposed in parallel to a microwave reception circuit board mounted in a shield container.

Abstract: An R.F. balanced mixer comprises on an insulating substrate (3) with opposed major surfaces a balanced first transmission line having a pair of conductors (18, 19) on a first major surface and an unbalanced second transmission line having a strip conductor (15) on one major surface and a ground conductor (13) on the side of the substrate (3) remote from the strip conductor (15). Two diodes (24, 25) are electrically connected between the pair of conductors (18, 19) of the first line and the strip conductor (15) of the second line to form an arrangement operable as a 180.degree. hybrid junction, the first line coupling an R.F. signal to the diodes (24, 25) and the second line coupling an L.O. signal to and an I.F. signal from the diodes (24, 25). To reduce the impedance of the I.F.

Abstract: The transmitter-receiver module includes a four-terminal coupler (2). An oscillator (1) and two diodes (4, 4') are connected to three of the terminals, while the fourth is connectable to an antenna (3). The diodes are used as a modulator during transmit, and as a mixer during receive. When transmitting, the oscillator is used as a signal source, and when receiving, it is used as a local oscillator. The module is implemented using fin-line technology. Several ways of realizing the oscillator are given.

Abstract: The mixer comprises a microelectronic circuit composed of one or a number of active electronic elements having a nonlinear characteristic and carried on a substrate, the elements being supplied by waveguide lines placed on the substrate. The microelectronic circuit is fixed within a closed casing and connected to terminals placed on the casing in order to mix an incident wave S having a frequency F.sub.S applied to a first terminal of the casing with a mixing wave OL having a frequency F.sub.L applied to a second terminal of the casing and in order to restitute a mixed wave OR having a frequency F.sub.O on a third terminal. The cavity formed by the internal space of the casing is tuned to a "sum" frequency representing the sum of the frequency of the mixing wave F.sub.L and of the frequency of the incident wave F.sub.S.

Abstract: A Ka-band orthogonal hybrid fin-line mixer includes a two-piece housing forming an orthogonal hybrid-T junction having a fin-line mounted within the waveguide E-plane at the output of the orthogonal hybrid-T junction with one-half of the fin-line substrate mounted within the top waveguide housing and the other half inserted within the bottom waveguide housing.

Abstract: The front end of a microwave receiver includes a waveguide with one wall comprised partially of the conductive ground plane of a printed circuit board. On the opposite side of the circuit board is mounted receiver front end circuitry including packaged, discrete devices and integrated circuits. An RF probe is inserted through the circuit board and into the waveguide for picking up a signal incident thereon and providing it to the aforementioned receiver front end circuitry. Incorporated in the waveguide is a cavity also partially formed from the ground plane of the receiver circuit board and containing a dielectric resonator element which, in combination with an oscillator located on the circuit board, provides a reference frequency for mixing with the received signal in generating an IF signal which is then provided to IF signal processing circuitry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixer for use at high microwave frequencies (typically 21.8.times.23.2 GHz) in a low cost communications application. The invention utilizes low cost microwave components, including a low cost compartmented waveguide, shared by the signal and local oscillator and extensive microstrip circuitry. The provision of a pair of novel 1/4 wave impedance transformers coupled into the waveguide compartments provides efficient antenna and local oscillator input filtering, and efficient coupling from the waveguide sections to the microstrip circuitry. The mixer operation is carried out in the microstrip circuitry, which contains a hybrid coupler, a balanced diode detector, and the required mixer output filter. The arrangement is of low cost, and provides a low noise figure (7 db including the preamplifier), good band selectivity (15 db return loss over the communications band), and low local oscillator radiation.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave stripline planar mixer to provide a means for mixing a local oscillator signal with a radio frequency signal to produce an intermediate frequency signal, the mixer utilizing beam lead schottky-barrier diodes in a balanced configuration.

Abstract: A subharmonic mixer, whose local oscillator is at half the frequency of that of the signal to be received, comprising a detector and a local oscillator positioned in a single waveguide (301). The mixer comprises a first module (51) serving as the local oscillator and incorporating an oscillation diode surrounded by dielectric material and connected to a wide metal coating, as well as a second module (52) incorporating an antiparallel connection of two Schottky diodes and which is identical to the first module. The metal coatings of these two modules are in contact with metallized areas (53, 54) of a double-faced printed circuit (15) serving for the polarization of one module and for the signal output of the other.

Abstract: The invention aims at obtaining an intermediate beat frequency from two millimeter wave frequencies by attenuating as much as possible the amplitude variations of the frequency coming from the local oscillator.The mixer of the invention comprises two modules each containing a diode, one electrode of which is grounded to a conducting support. The modules are face to face. The diodes detect the electric field of the wave of the signal to be processed reigning in a cavity, and through conducting strips serving as outputs for the mixer and extending into a cavity where the electric field radiated by the local oscillator reigns, each module also detects a part of this electric field. The output terminals of the intermediate frequency are connected to an operational amplifier.

Abstract: Double-balanced mixers of the star-configuration type for microwave-frequency electromagnetic waves have a balanced four-wire line realized with a pair of wires on each side of a dielectric substrate, means to feed a first-frequency wave to the line in a parallel-mode, and means to feed a second-frequency wave to the line in a transverse-mode. These waves may be RF and LO signals, respectively, or vice versa. A common star-configuration point is provided, and four diodes in a star configuration are connected to it, one from each wire. IF output is between the common star-configuration point and a common reference terminal (e.g.: ground) for the mixer. The mixer can be fed from balanced or unbalanced RF and/or LO input lines.

Abstract: The converter consists of a waveguide through which passes at right-angles a dielectric wafer for a microstrip. On each side of the waveguide this strip forms a microstrip line section. In the waveguide two chip diodes in series connecting the middles of the large walls of the guide have their common point connected to the strip.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing the presence of one or more of a multiplicity of radio waves of distinct frequencies, using a single horn and one or more radiation-receiving apertures with associated circuitry.