Abstract: A non-linear active device (32), such as a FET, multiplies multiplicand signals to generate a product signal. A combining circuit (24) combines multiplicand signals into a combined signal. An input matching and conditioning network (28) couples the combined signal to an input of the active device (32). This network (28) matches impedances between sources for the multiplicand signals and the active device (32) at the frequencies of the multiplicand signals, and desirably shorts the product signal's frequencies. A feedback resistor (36) couples between the output and input of the active device (32) to lower impedance at the output and to stabilize the active device (32). An output matching and conditioning network (40) couples a mixed signal from the output of the active device to an output circuit (42). This network (40) matches impedances between the output circuit (42) and the active device (32) at the frequencies of the product signal, and desirably shorts the multiplicand signals' frequencies.

Abstract: A routing barium-ferrite tuned resonator filter integrated with an image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer. The barium-ferrite tuned resonator filter is preferably a four-sphere barium-ferrite tuned preselector which is integrated with a harmonically mixed, image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer to provide a high level of dynamic range in a harmonically mixed front end. An input resonator of the preselector in combination with a dual PIN diode switch switches low-frequency input signals (e.g., 0 to 26.5 GHz) to a low-frequency output. For high-frequency input signals (e.g., 26.5 to 50 GHz), the four-sphere barium-ferrite tuned preselector is combined with the image-enhanced, single-balanced mixer which incorporates a GaAs monolithic diode bridge integrated circuit. This provides a front end component of a high-performance portable spectrum analyzer.

Abstract: A transducer and a mixer with a double-balanced output according to the current invention are capable of frequency conversion in a microwave band with low distortion. The transducer or the mixer has symmetry of wirings. One side of a printed circuit board has branched strip lines and a single strip line whose base portion serves as an RF input terminal, and the other side of the printed circuit board has twin-branched ground strips and a bridge-shaped ground strip. The combination of the branched strip lines and the twin-branches strips, and the combination of the single strip line and the bridge-shaped ground strip serve as a transducer. One pair of diagonal terminals of the symmetrical diode ring is connected to the base portion of the branched strip lines. The other pair of diagonal terminals is connected to the tip of the single strip line. The diode ring is connected to a transducer. One winding thereof is supplied with a local oscillator.

Abstract: A mixer is provided having a mixing element, an input signal port for incoming signals at a frequency f.sub.IN, a local oscillator signal port for signals from a local oscillator having a fundamental frequency f.sub.LO, and an output port from which the resultant frequency may be taken. Means are provided to impose a DC component of bias voltage across the mixing element at one of three levels. The mixer is such that it has a pair of conduction threshold voltages which are substantially symmetrical above and below zero volts, beyond which the mixing element will be conductive at least when a signal from the local oscillator is imposed on it. The signal from the local oscillator has substantially sinusoidal voltage waveform, with a peak-to-peak voltage which is greater than the voltage difference between the pair of conduction threshold voltages.

Abstract: A broad bandwidth double balanced mixer with all circuitry contained on a single MMIC die is disclosed using planar magic tee hybrids to greatly reduce component quantity and die area. The hybrids comprise a Lange coupler followed by a capacitor and a quarter-wavelength transmission line on the direct path, in conjunction with a half-wavelength transmission line on the coupled path. The hybrid is essentially a planar realization of a magic tee, producing two equal magnitude outputs that are substantially 180 degrees separated in phase, with the coupled input terminated in 50 ohms. The mixer topology is a ring configured diode quad with two magic tee's at the RF and LO ports and a Wilkinson power divider at the IF port.

Abstract: A monolithic diode star mixer incorporating an RF balun and a local oscillator balun in which a center microstrip conductor for each of the baluns is configured between parallel strip transmission lines in a common plane. The RF and local oscillator baluns are positioned in a ground plane such that the baluns are at relative right angles to each other and in which the center microstrips are connected. A center ring conductor enables the diodes associated with the mixer to be connected to the transmission lines and a common connection point. Additionally, an intermediate frequency transmission line is also connected to the conductive ring.

Abstract: A manner of using a plurality of transformers having cylindrical cores such that operation of the transformers at high frequencies allows the cores of the transformers to be disposed parallel to each other and in relatively close proximity without substantial interference.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high frequency transformer capable of stable operation from DC to high frequency. Additionally the present invention provides a mixer with low insertion loss and low distortion, in which a common mode choke is removable from an input portion thereof. To form the stable high frequency transformer according to the present invention, a short circuiting pattern couples two strip lines together to form a U-shaped pattern on a printed circuit board and a lead wire is insulatedly coupled to each strip line and short-circuited at the tip of the U-shape. According to the present invention, a local oscillator is connected to a first port of the high frequency transformer, a diode switch is connected to a second port of the high frequency transformer, thereby serving as an IF output terminal, and a third port is formed at the short-circuiting pattern, thereby serving as the RF input terminal.

Abstract: A signal mixing apparatus comprising first and second four port signal splitting/combining networks having no relative phase shift between three ports and 180.degree. of phase shift between the remaining ports, coupled to a four port mixer element. The mixer element has two ports coupled to the first signal splitter/combiner network and having another two ports coupled to the second splitter/combiner, RF and LO signals input to the first splitter/combiner do not appear at the IF output from the second splitter/combiner or vice versa. The RF/IF signals cancel and the LO signal is trapped by a resonant circuit within the mixer. The RF and IF frequency bands may overlap.

Abstract: A double-balanced mixer which includes four diodes effectively connected to each other in a bridge connection on a substrate. The four diodes are formed into two sets of diodes, each one set including two of the four diodes connected to the same input line, with two twin-diodes each including two of the four diodes formed on the same semi-conductor chips being used for the two sets of the diodes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improved isolation of IF, LO, and RF frequency signals from the non-associated mixer ports (e.g., avoiding introducing RF frequency signals at the IF and LO ports, and similarly vis-a-vis other signals and ports), is provided by coupling a RF (or LO) signal to first ports of four-port first and second phase shift means, each having two signal output ports having 180.degree. phase difference for signals input from the first port, coupling the LO (or RF) signal to the first port of a third phase shift means, with two output signal ports having a phase difference of 180.degree., supplying the third phase shift means output signals to fourth ports of the first and second phase shift means, supplying the output signals of the first and second phase shift means to distinct ports of a five port mixer, and coupling an IF signal from the five port mixer to an IF port.

Abstract: In order to reduce size and facilitate incorporation into planar multi-layer microwave integrated circuits, a microwave hybrid, specifically a Magic-Tee, is formed using microstrip circuit elements and aperture coupling. The Magic-Tee comprises a ground plane interposed between dielectric printed circuit boards. The outermost surface of one of the boards carries a Tee circuit comprising microstrip branch arm conductors with a microstrip conductor projecting transversely from its middle, the Tee junction, to form the leg of the Tee. The outermost surface of the other board comprises a line in the form of a microstrip conductor. An aperture is provided in the ground plane at a position between the Tee junction and an underlying part of the line conductor. Various Tee junction configurations, such as Y or .DELTA., may be implemented also. The magic Tee may be an integral part of an MIC or MMIC device.

Abstract: A superconducting non-linear device includes a superconducting conductor, a current source associated with the conductor for applying to the conductor a bias current, and a control device associated with the current source for selectably controlling the magnitude of the bias current. The non-linear device according to the invention may be used in a number of circuit configurations, including a balanced mixer.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing electrical signals including in combination: first signal splitting means having a radio frequency (RF) port and first, second, third and fourth signal ports, second signal splitting means having a local oscillator (LO) port and first, second, third and fourth signal ports, intermediate frequency (IF) port, and mixer element means, the mixer element means coupled to the first, second, third, and fourth signal ports of the first and second signal splitting means and coupled to the intermediate frequency port means, for mixing two of the RF, IF, and LO signals to produce the remaining signal.

Abstract: A push-pull modulator stage 70 has two possible transmission paths, an electrically short path (7) and a phase delay path (6) with a phase delay element providing a phase shift of approximately 180.degree.. The phase delay element has the form of a low pass filter. In each of the two paths (6, 7) a semiconductor diode (D.sub.1, D.sub.2) is disposed in such a way that they sense the carrier (U.sub.c) with a phase shift of 180.degree. and, correspondingly, switch in unison if no modulation voltage (U.sub.m) is present, thus suppressing the carrier at the signal output (3). When a modulation signal (U.sub.m) is present, the push-pull balance is disturbed and the resistance of one of the two paths (6) becomes lower relative to the other path (7), which leads to the generation of the modulated carrier voltage (Umc). The modulator stage (70) can also be designed as a dual modulator stage and/or can be used as a mixer stage.

Abstract: A mixer for use in a double superheterodyne tuner which can receive either ground broadcasting channels or the satellite broadcasting channels is provided with frequency mixing diodes for the ground broadcasting signal and frequency mixing diodes for the satellite broadcasting signal. Switching diodes are provided between each of the frequency mixing diodes and output terminals of a balun transformer having an input terminal for receiving a local oscillation signal. When the ground broadcasting signal is received, the switching diodes connected to the frequency mixing diodes of the ground broadcasting are turned ON, with the switching diodes connected to the frequency mixing diodes of the satellite broadcasting are turned OFF, so that the leakage of the local oscillation signal to the satellite broadcasting signal when the ground broadcast signal is received is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A frequency-conversion mixer, which is designed to operate in substantially the whole range of the radio frequency band extending from low frequency to the ultra-high frequency, has first and second diodes inversely arranged in parallel connection between a first input terminal for a receiving signal and a junction point. Third and fourth diodes are connected in forward series between a common terminal and a second input terminal for an oscillator signal with the junction point between the third and fourth diodes. A dc component removing capacitor is connected to the junction point for providing a frequency mixed signal, whereby the use of a transformer as used in a double balanced mixer is eliminated and there is practically no output response at frequencies below the cutoff frequency of the diodes.

Abstract: A pulse radar for operation at 94 GHz and higher frequencies is shown to include an antenna, a diplexer and first detector that are each optically fed so that radio frequency signals may be, when transmitting, passed through the diplexer to the antenna and, when receiving, from the antenna through the diplexer to the first detector.

Abstract: A diode type mixer includes a diode circuit and a balun transformer, and is used in a frequency convertor which converts a 1-GHz primary intermediate frequency signal to a secondary intermediate frequency signal in a satellite broadcast receiver. The balun transformer (5) is fixed to a support block (10), and the terminals of the balun transformer (5) are connected to the stems (11) of the support block (10). Hollow coils (12 and 13) are connected between the ground terminal and the balanced terminals of the support block (10). The high frequency characteristics of the mixer can be improved, and productivity in mass production can be enhanced.

Abstract: A modulator suitable for 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is designed as a double modulator (1), wherein a 16 QAM modulator (39) consists of two double modulators (1). One double modulator (1) has two partial modulators (1',1") forming a bridge. Each partial modulator (1',1") has two possible transmission paths: (6',6") with a phase delay line (39',39") which causes a 180.degree. phase shift. On each of the two paths (6',6", 7',7"), a semiconductor diode (D.sub.1 ',D.sub.1 ",D.sub.2 ',D.sub.2 ") is disposed in such a way that they provide the carrier (U.sub.c) with a 180.degree. phase inversion and are accordingly rendered conductive in unison, if no modulation voltage (U.sub.m) is applied, whereby the carrier is suppressed at the signal output (3'). When a modulation signal (U.sub.m) is applied, the balance is changed to push-pull, and one of the two paths (6',6") assumes less impedance compared to the other path (7',7"), which leads to the generation of the modulated carrier voltage (U.sub.mc).

Abstract: This balanced high-frequency mixer is formed around a circuit of the "Balun" type. Though realized for operation in a frequency range from about 1 GHz to 10 GHz, the dielectric substrate SUB used is chosen from the high-loss dielectric materials such as epoxy glass thus permitting to distinctly reduce its cost price. Printed on the substrate is an adapting circuit by partly covered microstrip lines L.sub.1, L.sub.2, L.sub.1 by a semi-rigid coaxial cable section CC, L.sub.2 by a conductor line section CA having the same diameter and the same length as the coaxial cable. The performance of a mixer of this type is comparable to that of a 6 .lambda./4 mixer with clearly less cumbersomeness, of the order of that of a de Lange coupler.

Abstract: A mixer having a diode pair which includes a first RF propagation network having a first end coupled to a first terminal of the mixer and a second end coupled to a first electrode of the diode pair. The mixer further includes a first means, coupled to the first RF propagation network for providing a low impedance DC signal path to ground and for providing a high impedance signal path to signals propagating at a first radio frequency (RF) frequency. A first transmission line resonator is coupled to the first RF propagation network and has an electrical pathlength which is one quarter of a wavelength at a second RF frequency. The mixer further includes a second RF propagation network having a first end coupled to a second terminal of the mixer and a second end of the RF propagation network coupled to a second electrode of the diode pair.

Abstract: A microstripline microwave mixer circuit includes a waveguide microstrip filter formed by coupling a section of ridged waveguide to a microstripline circuit. The ridged waveguide based microstrip filter both serves as a high-pass filter for RF input signals and also provides a suitable termination for the RF input side of the mixer circuit resulting in a compact multifrequency mixer circuit with good performance. The section of ridged waveguide is coupled to the microstripline circuit such that the dielectric substrate of the microstripline circuit is within the waveguide section thereby increasing the effective dielectric constant of the waveguide interior and decreasing the dimensions of the waveguide. This configuration of the high-pass filter presents a smaller component than would be present in air-filled waveguide mixer circuits.

Abstract: A passive uniplanar double-balanced RF mixing apparatus, comprising a planar support substrate with first and second conductive layers disposed on first and second sides, and first and second linear slotlines having open terminations on a first end thereof formed in the first conductive layer. First and second coplanar waveguides are also formed in the first conductive layer with each having one end electrically coupled to first and of said first and second slotlines, respectively. A first balun comprises the first coplanar waveguide connection to the first slotline, and a second balun comprises the second coplanar waveguide connection the second slotline. An isolation gap formed in the first conductive layer adjacent to and between the first and second slotlines provided electrical isolation between the first and second baluns and waveguides for RF-toLO isolation.

Abstract: A pulse radar for operation at 94 GHz and higher frequencies is shown to include an antenna, a diplexer and first detector that are each optically fed so that radio frequency signals may be, when transmitting, passed through the diplexer to the antenna and, when receiving, from the antenna through the diplexer to the first detector.

Abstract: A broad-band mixing circuit comprises a transmission line transformer connected between a port adapted to receive a radio frequency signal and a double balanced mixing section, the transformer serving to convert an unbalanced radio frequency signal into a balanced signal, a transmission line transformer connected between a local oscillation signal port and the mixing section, the transformer serving to convert an unbalanced local oscillation signal into a balanced signal, and a transmission line transformer connected between the mixing section and an intermediate frequency signal port, the transformer serving to convert the balanced signal from the mixing section into an unbalanced signal. The noise figure is improved by connecting an electrolytic capacitor in parallel with the balanced output end or the input end of the transmission line transformer for the local oscillation signal.

Abstract: A diode mixer characterized by low levels of intermodulation distortion. The mixer circuit includes a center-tapped input transformer for coupling the circuit to local oscillator and radio frequency signal sources and a center-tapped output transformer for coupling the circuit to an intermediate frequency load. The circuit also includes an arrangement of transformers and switching diodes for interfacing the input transformer to the output transformer and applying the local signals and radio frequency signals to the secondary output transformer in a special manner while favorably back-biasing diodes which are in the off condition for more rapid switching action.

Abstract: A mixer circuit has a first filter connected between a local oscillator terminal and a node and another filter connected between a RF signal terminal and the node. A first circuit path extends from the node through a first diode to a first tuned circuit which can be connected to an input terminal of a balanced-to-unbalanced converter. A second circuit path extends from the node through an oppositely disposed diode which is connected to another tuned circuit which can be connected to another input terminal of the balanced-to-unbalanced converter. The diodes alternately conduct in response to opposite half cycles of the local oscillator signal and the RF signal to generate a variety of mixing components. The tuned circuits preserve the desired output signal and attenuate the other mixing components.

Abstract: Circuits such as balanced diode mixers require balanced transformers. For ultrahigh frequency operation, a balanced transformer is formed as part of a printed circuit on a planar substrate of insulating material. The balanced transformer has a center-tapped winding formed by a loop of a strip transmission line having first and second coextensive elongated conductors disposed on the substrate. Preferably the first and second conductors are disposed adjacent each other on respective opposite sides of the substrate. At a first end portion of the strip transmission line, the second conductor is connected to a center tap, and at a second end portion of the strip transmission line, the first conductor is also connected to the center tap. For a balun transformer, the center tap is a ground plane provided by conductive regions disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: A multiple-band mixer circuit includes at least two mixer circuit blocks, a selection circuit block for selecting one of the mixer circuit blocks, and a monitor circuit provided for common use by the at least two mixer circuit blocks, for monitoring the operation state of a mixer circuit block selected by the selection circuit block.

Abstract: A broad-band mixing circuit comprises a transmission line transformer connected between a port adapted to receive a radio frequency signal and a double balanced mixing section, the transformer serving to convert an unbalanced radio frequency signal into a balanced signal, a transmission line transformer connected between a local oscillation signal port and the mixing section, the transformer serving to convert an unbalanced local oscillation signal into a balanced signal, and a transmission line transformer connected between the mixing section and an intermediate frequency signal port, the transformer serving to convert the balanced signal from the mixing section into an unblaanced signal. The noise figure is improved by connecting an electrolytic capacitor in parallel with the balanced output end or the input end of the transmission line transformer for the local oscillation signal.

Abstract: The invention concerns radar detectors which are capable of monitoring at least two frequency bands. A broad band antenna is provided, together with a mixer comprising an anti-parallel pair of diodes, and at least one local oscillator. The local oscillator frequency is mixed with radar frequency from the antenna to produce an intermediate signal which is amplified further down converted detected and fed to signal processing circuitry to actuate an alarm when radar frequency of interest is detected. The most effective mixing with the RF input takes place at twice the local oscillator frequency. By application of direct current bias to the mixer, the most effective mixing with the RF input is changed to occur at the local oscillator frequency. The local oscillator is used to monitor two different radar frequencies by application and non-application of DC bias to the mixer. For multiband detectors, more than one local oscillator may be used.

Abstract: A balun section formed of a pair of transmission lines connected between separate pairs of corresponding input and output terminals with a pair of capacitors connected in series between the output terminals and another transmission line connected in series with a resistor between the circuit ground and the interconnection between the pair of capacitors. A multisection balun is constructed from a plurality of such balun sections connected in cascade. In one embodiment, the outputs of a pair of multisection baluns are supplied to a circuit such as a mixer or the like.

Abstract: An RF/IF mixer array employs serially connected capacitors and parallel connected inductors to increase the net impedance of a plurality of mixers at RF frequencies and to reduce the net impedance of the plurality of mixers at IF frequencies. Although the mixer elements may be virtually any type elements including Schottky diodes, the invention is particularly well suited to be used with SIS tunneling junction mixer elements which typically require such impedance transformation for efficient signal transfer in highly sensitive heterodyne receivers such as those used in radio astronomy.

Abstract: Receiver configuration for microwave signals with a receiver antenna, a rectifier circuit and a detector circuit, wherein only one single antenna is provided to receive a vertically polarized energy signal and a horizontally polarized data signal. It has separate detector circuits available for the energy signal and the data signal. The detector circuit for the energy signal consists of a voltage doubling circuit to generate an operating voltage and the detector circuit for the data signal consists of a diode with a shunt resistor to generate a modulated DC voltage.

Abstract: A monolithic millimeter wave mixer. The mixer utilizes a resonant disk and wo microstrip arms with in-situ Schottky diodes. A microstrip low pass filter which is gap-coupled to the disk permits isolation of the desired intermediate frequency.

Abstract: A connecting structure of diodes in a double-balanced mixer for connecting the diodes on a substrate, which includes four diodes disposed in a row on one side face of a substrate, with the four diodes being arranged so that the diodes at the outer side in the row are directed in the same direction, while the diodes at the inner side in the row are directed also in the same direction to each other, and that the diodes at the outer side are directed in an opposite direction to the diodes at the inner side, and two rows of wiring patterns disposed on the substrate at one end side of each of the diodes in a direction generally intersecting the diodes, with alternate diodes of the four diodes being respectively connected to the corresponding wiring pattern.

Abstract: A microwave mixer suitable for millimeter wave radar applications. A semi-insulating gallium arsenide dielectric waveguide structure contains an embedded planar doped barrier (PDB) structure as a non-linear mixing element. The local oscillator (LO) signal is guided to the PDB structure via a coplanar type waveguide. The radio frequency (RF) signal is guided to the PDB structure via an image guide and a microstrip circuit serves to transmit the intermediate frequency (IF).

Abstract: A VHF-UHF mixer, which has a balun (14) having a ferrite core (141), a pair of R-C parallel connection circuits (15a) and (15b) connected to output ends of the balun (14), a series connection of two mixing diodes (16a) and (16b) connected across output ends of the R-C parallel connection circuits, and a diplexer (17) consisting of a high pass filter and a low pass filter and connected by its input terminal to center connection point (18) of said series connection of the two mixing diodes, further has a pair of impedance circuits (19a,19b), each being grounded by one ends thereof, consisting of L-C-L series connection circuit, and connected to either input end or output end of the R-C parallel connection circuit.

Abstract: An RF mixer combines electrical and structural aspects to create a more efficient device. Diodes are coaxially mounted within two conductive tubes which form shields. The respective diode or diodes associated with each of the tubes are cross-connected at the LO port to the tube associated with the other diode or diodes. A capacitor compensates the inductance associated with the outer surfaces of the tubes. At their other ends, the tubes are coupled to ground and the diodes are coupled to an RF/IF bandsplitting network.

Abstract: Two harmonic mixers arranged in parallel are connected to a first signal frequency gate and to a second local frequency gate by means of a single radiofrequency hybrid circuit in quadrature or by means of respective hybrid circuits of which one in quadrature and centered on the signal frequency and the other in phase, quadrature or opposition of phase and centered on the local frequency. Another intermediate frequency hybrid circuit in quadrature connects the two mixers to a third intermediate frequency gate and to a fourth gate closable on a termination. In this manner there is obtained a harmonic frequency conversion with image suppression.

Abstract: A coplanar microwave balun is disclosed in which a signal propagating along a coplanar waveguide in an unbalanced mode is launched onto another coplanar transmission line in the balanced mode. One of the ground planes of the latter transmission line itself is separated into a pair of regions which constitute the ground planes of the coplanar waveguide. These pair of regions are electrically connected, e.g., by ribbon bonds that bridge across the transmission line strip of the coplanar waveguide. The end of that transmission line strip bridges across the coplanar transmission line and acts to launch the signal thereto. The inventive balun advantageously is employed in a three port device having isolated inputs from which separate signals may be multiplexed onto a common line, and may be used in other multiplexer, mixer and modulator assemblies.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a circuit arrangement for a tuner, particularly a television tuner, for changing over several frequency ranges filtered out by bandpass filters, particularly the hyperband and UHF band, by means of diodes connected to a common IF circuit which also serve as mixer diodes for mixing signals passed by the bandpass filters with signals generated by associated RF oscillators. The desired frequency range is switched on by switching on the associated RF oscillator so that the otherwise cut-off diode of this frequency range becomes periodically conducting.

Abstract: Insertion and conversion losses in a dual frequency microwave mixer circuit are lessened with the improved configuration disclosed herein. The circuit provides inputs for two local oscillator signals, each coupled through a respective bandpass filter. In another embodiment, a pair of notch filters provided near the input reduce leakage from the oscillator inputs to the signal input.

Abstract: A double-balanced waveguide mixer is disclosed that utilizes a quad-ridge waveguide and a quad-diode ring. In a down-converter version of the mixer, the input signal is applied to one pair of opposed ridges of the quad-ridge waveguide and the local oscillator signal is applied to the other pair of opposed ridges. The diode ring is coupled through capacitors to one pair of opposed ridges, and is directly connected to the other pair of opposed ridges. The intermediate frequency is tapped off at the junction between the capacitors and the diode ring.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator provides two outputs, of opposite phase, which are directly connected to provide the local oscillator inputs to a balanced mixer. Since no balun is used, very wide-band performance can be obtained.

Abstract: In a microwave push-pull frequency converter having the form of a waveguide for effecting frequency conversion of a broadband microwave signal, which converter includes a converter module composed of a waveguide section and a pair of semiconductor mixer elements disposed in the waveguide section for effecting frequency conversion between a high frequency microwave signal and a low frequency microwave signal without intermediate frequency conversion, the converter further including a waveguide filter for the low frequency microwave signal connected to one side of the module, the waveguide filter includes a plurality of ridged waveguide sections and a plurality of blocking waveguide sections interposed between, and coupling, the ridged waveguide sections, and the converter module includes fastening devices supporting the semiconductor mixer elements and configured to give the coverter module the form of a ridged waveguide which permits the high and low frequency microwave signals to pass in a single mode.

Abstract: A novel mixer of good noise performance for operation at microwave frequencies (e.g. the 22 GHz communications band) is disclosed. The mixer comprises a waveguide to which signals and local oscillations are coupled, and from which the intermediate frequency output is derived. The principal circuitry is provided on a metallized substrate set within the waveguide in a "finline" construction. The metallized substrate performs the essential functions of impedance matching the mixer to the source of signal and local oscillations, a bridge for isolating the signal port from local oscillations and for isolating the LO port from the signal, and means to adjust the application of signal and load to the mixer diodes for optimum signal conversion. The noise figure achieved is approximately 4 db at 22 GHz, and represents an improvement over known competitive designs.

Abstract: A radio frequency multiplier circuit includes a first plurality of non-linear devices, each device having an input electrode and an output electrode. The input electrode of each one of the first plurality of non-linear devices is successively interconnected via a first input coupling means to a first input terminal. The multiplier further includes a second like plurality of non-linear devices, each device having an input electrode and an output electrode. The input electrode of each one of the second plurality of non-linear devices is successively interconnected via a second input coupling means to a second input terminal. A common output coupling means is provided to interconnect the output electrode of each one of the first plurality of devices with the output electrode of a corresponding one of the second plurality of devices. The multiplier further includes means for coupling a pair of signals having a 180.degree. differential phase shift to the pair of input terminals.

Abstract: A monolithic millimeter wave balanced mixer in which two Schottky barrier odes receive combined power from. Two Schottky barrier diodes receive combined power from an RF source and local oscillator in a gallium arsenide image guide. The diodes produce an intermediate frequency which is directed to a microstrip low pass filter.