Abstract: A receiver includes an antenna configured to receive a radio signal, a pulse generator configured to generate a pulse, an oscillator configured to be driven based on the pulse to generate an oscillation signal based on the radio signal, and a measurer configured to be driven by the pulse to measure an oscillation degree of the oscillation signal, wherein the radio signal is received based on the oscillation degree of the oscillation signal.

Abstract: A logarithmic amplifier (LDA) is described that includes an amplifier configured to oscillate a modulated input signal, a feedback establishing a 180 degree phase shift between the amplifier input and the output and maintaining oscillation of the input signal, a parallel resonant circuit connected to the amplifier output causing the amplifier to resonate at or around a center frequency, and a controller connected to the amplifier input cyclically terminating oscillation of the input signal each time a pre-determined threshold of current is detected, the controller including a low pass filter configured to generate a second output signal having a repetition frequency. The LDA may be used for AM with or without a PLL and/or a superhetrodyne. The LDA may be implemented as a mixer and used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used in place of a low noise amplifier.

Abstract: A logarithmic amplifier (LDA) is described that includes an amplifier configured to oscillate a modulated input signal, a feedback establishing a 180 degree phase shift between the amplifier input and the output and maintaining oscillation of the input signal, a parallel resonant circuit connected to the amplifier output causing the amplifier to resonate at or around a center frequency, and a controller connected to the amplifier input cyclically terminating oscillation of the input signal each time a pre-determined threshold of current is detected, the controller including a low pass filter configured to generate a second output signal having a repetition frequency. The LDA may be used for AM with or without a PLL and/or a superheterodyne. The LDA may be implemented as a mixer and used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used in place of a low noise amplifier.

Abstract: An ultra low power super-regenerative receiver is provided. The ultra low power super-regenerative receiver includes a bit synchronizer configured to use a value sampled from a signal output from a super-regenerative oscillator to estimate a pulse-level position having a maximum amplitude value in a single period of a received symbol, a frame synchronizer configured to combine a plurality of pulse-level positions determined based on the estimated pulse-level position, and detect a predetermined bit sequence using the plurality of pulse-level positions combined, the frame synchronizer being configured to perform frame synchronization, and a data detector configured to detect data using the plurality of pulse-level positions determined after the frame synchronization is completed.

Abstract: A method of increasing a performance of a super-regenerative receiver (SRR), includes initializing a quench rate to be greater than or equal to 2 based on a parameter, and comparing a decision metric to a lower threshold value, the decision metric established from a first receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The method further includes estimating a phase offset, using an over-quench method, and aligning quench signals at the quench rate of 1, and comparing the decision metric to a higher threshold value to minimize a false alarm probability. The method further includes confirming packet detection and the phase offset, using the over-quench method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for detection of a signal in a frequency sub-band of a frequency band of an acquired signal y(t), the process comprising: acquisition of the signal y(t) in a frequency band; frequential analysis of said acquired signal y(t) to obtain at least one frequential signal Y with NFFT frequential components; breakdown into M frequency sub-bands i of size N of the frequential signal Y, the size of each frequency sub-band being a function of the bandwidth of the signal to be detected; determination, in the frequential domain, for each frequency sub-band, of a criterion Ti, i=1, . . . , M as a function of the energy of the signal in the frequency sub-band i and of the coefficient two of the autocorrelation function of the signal in the frequency sub-band i; decision, as a function of the criterion Ti, to determine whether a signal is detected in the sub-band i.

Abstract: It is described a method of sending an association level indication to neighboring base stations by a serving base station to indicate to the neighbor base station to report a particular ranging parameter set corresponding to the association level indication for a user equipment requesting scanning of neighbor base stations. According to an embodiment, the ranging parameters of the ranging parameter set are provided to the user equipment in single message or are provided in two or more messages, e.g. in the case of network assisted association reporting.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting signal features including amplitude, phase and timing of recognizable input signals in a frequency band or spectrum of interest. One or more super-regenerative oscillators are provided, each having a center frequency and each detecting signal features of recognizable input signals in the frequency band or spectrum of interest during multiple, successive time slots. The center frequency of each of the one or more super-regenerative oscillators is varied between time slots in a selected sequence, preferably according to a Segmentlet algorithm. The one or more super-regenerative oscillators extract the signal features of each the recognizable input signals in different time slots and/or in different super-regenerative oscillator and with a different time-slot associated center frequency associated with the one or more super-regenerative oscillators, thereby providing a time-frequency-amplitude map of the frequency band or spectrum of interest.

Abstract: A network interface including a radio frequency system with a component configured for communication with an access point. First, second and third client modules communicate with the access point according to respective wireless communication standards. The first, second and third client modules share the component, such that during respective periods the first, second and third client modules communicate with the access point via the component. The first client module transmits a request signal to the second client module while the second client module is in an idle state and the third client module is in an active state. The request signal requests access to the component. The third client module, in response to the request signal, aborts transmitting of first data to the access point and transmits an acknowledgement signal. The first client module transmits to or receives from the access point second data based on the acknowledgement signal.

Abstract: In order to specify a handover target of a mobile station regardless of allocation of PSCs, each of femto base stations (10—1-10—3) forming a mobile communication system (1) stores phase differences between one timing for each base station to start generation of SFN and timings for other base stations to respectively start generation of SFN. The phase differences differ from each other. Each base station adds SFN, the generation of which is started at the one timing, to each broadcast information (101—1-101—3) to be wirelessly transmitted. One femto base station (10—1), on which a mobile station (20) camps, specifies as a handover target of the mobile station (20) a femto base station (10—2) starting generation of SFN with a phase difference equivalent to a difference between one SFN1 added to the broadcast information (101—1) and another SFN2 received at the mobile station (20) with respect to the base station itself.

Abstract: A distributed, diode mixer circuit includes a plurality of passive diode mixer cores including at least first and second passive diode mixer cores including doubly-balanced diodes in symmetrical balanced configuration forms, each mixer core having a pair of differential reference nodes driven by the reference signal and a pair of differential nodes driven by the data signal and a reactive impedance network including one or multiple reactive elements or transmission lines connected between the like nodes of each the first and second mixer cores.

Abstract: A network interface including a radio frequency (RF) system and a media access controller (MAC). The RF system wirelessly communicates with an access point (AP). The MAC includes client modules. A first client module transmits a first signal from a host to the AP via the RF system in accordance with a first wireless communication standard. A second client module transmits a second signal from the host to the AP via the RF system in accordance with a second wireless communication standard. The second client module determines a quality level of the second signal transmitted from the second client module to the AP, and based on the quality level of the second signal, hands off access to the RF system from the second client module to the first client module to allow the first client module to transmit the first signal to the AP via the RF system.

Abstract: A receiver system and a demodulator system are configured to receive and demodulate, respectively, multi-gigabit millimeter wave signals being wirelessly transmitted in the unlicensed wireless band near 60 GHz.

Abstract: Provision of gigabit-rate data transmission over wireless radio links, using carrier frequencies in the millimeter-wave range (>30 GHz). More specifically, a circuit for detection of amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) or other amplitude modulations (AM) which can be easily incorporated into an integrated circuit receiver system is described, making the receiver capable of supporting both complex IQ modulation schemes and simpler, non-coherent on-off or multiple-level keying signals. Several novel radio architectures are also described which, with the addition of a frequency discriminator network, have the capability of handling frequency shift keyed (FSK) or other frequency modulations (FM), as well as AM and complex IQ modulation schemes. These radio architectures support this wide variety of modulations by efficiently sharing detector hardware components.

Abstract: A handoff apparatus and method in FMIPv6 for seamless TCP packet transmissions. The handoff method includes steps of intercepting by a previous access router certain TCP packets sent from a correspondent node to a previous temporary address of a mobile node; and creating a TCP ACK by the previous access router in response to the certain TCP packets and sending by the previous access router the created TCP ACK to the correspondent node every time the certain TCP packets are forwarded to a new access router through a bi-directional tunnel. The handoff method has an advantage in that the packet transmission rate can be secured at the same level as the mobile node stays still during the performance of the handoff of the mobile node since the previous access router instead of the mobile node creates and sends the TCP ACK to the correspondent node during the performance of the handoff of the mobile node.

Abstract: An apparatus, which may be configured as a receiver or transceiver, includes a plurality of super regenerative (SR) amplifiers coupled in parallel, wherein the SR amplifiers are tuned to distinct frequency bands, respectively. The apparatus may further include isolation amplifiers at the respective inputs and outputs of the SR amplifiers to prevent injection locking and reduce power leakage. The apparatus may include a circuit to reduce or substantially eliminate in-band jamming signals. The apparatus may form at least part of a wireless communications device adapted to receive signals from other wireless communications devices, adapted to transmit signal to other wireless communications devices, and adapted to both transmit and receive signals to and from other wireless communications devices.

Abstract: A super-regenerative transceiver that has an antenna interface for an antenna is self-tuned with a self-tuning unit configured. The self-tuning unit makes the transceiver to repeatedly perform a self-tuning cycle until the amplitude meets a predetermined detection condition or a predetermined criterion is met. The self-tuning cycle involves the following: transmitting to the antenna a probe signal with one or more pulses; receiving from the antenna a ringing detection signal; determining if the ringing detection signal reflects tails of the probe signal with amplitude meeting a predetermined detection condition; and adjusting of the tuning of the super-regenerative transceiver if the amplitude does not meet the predetermined detection condition.

Abstract: A system and method for authentication in a wireless mobile communication system are provided, in which a mobile station calculates a CMAC value having a first number of bits, transmits to a base station a ranging request message including a partial CMAC value being a second number of upper bits of the CMAC value having the first number of bits, and receives a ranging response message indicating whether authentication is successful or failed from the base station.

Abstract: RFID tags, tag circuits, and methods are provided that reduce at least in part the distortion to received wireless signals, which is caused by interference in the environment. Two or more thresholds are used to digitize the received signal implemented by two or more demodulators. Multiple low pass and digital filters may be implemented with the demodulators, allowing removal of narrow pulses caused by the interference and reduction of beat tone amplitude.

Abstract: This disclosure addresses providing gigabit-rate data transmission over wireless radio links, using carrier frequencies in the millimeter-wave range (>30 GHz). More specifically, a circuit for detection of amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) or other amplitude modulations (AM) which can be easily incorporated into an integrated circuit receiver system is described, making the receiver capable of supporting both complex IQ modulation schemes and simpler, non-coherent on-off or multiple-level keying signals. Several novel radio architectures are also described which, with the addition of a frequency discriminator network, have the capability of handling frequency shift keyed (FSK) or other frequency modulations (FM), as well as AM and complex IQ modulation schemes. These radio architectures support this wide variety of modulations by efficiently sharing detector hardware components.

Abstract: For quasi-orthogonal multiplexing in an OFDMA system, multiple (M) sets of traffic channels are defined for each base station. The traffic channels in each set are orthogonal to one another and may be pseudo-random with respect to the traffic channels in each of the other sets. The minimum number of sets of traffic channels (L) is used to support a given number of (U) terminals selected for data transmission, where M?L?1 and U?1. Each terminal transmits data and pilot symbols on its traffic channel. A base station receives data transmissions from all terminals and may perform receiver spatial processing on received symbols with spatial filter matrices to obtain detected data symbols. The spatial filter matrix for each subband may be derived based on channel response estimates for all terminals transmitting on that subband.

Abstract: The structure of a time-multiplexed physical channel is used to time inter-frequency or inter-system search excursions. A mobile station that receives an instruction to perform a search excursion prepares for the search excursion by detecting the first radio frame of a message frame. Transport format combination indicator bits are extracted from the first radio frame and stored. After the search excursion is performed, the mobile station recalls the stored indicator bits and uses the indicator bits to decode other radio frames of the message frame.

Abstract: A low power super regenerative receiver and a method of reducing the power consumption of the low power super regenerative receiver are provided. The super regenerative receiver includes: an oscillator having a start-up time period starting oscillation that varies according to an existence of an input signal; and a power controller supplying power within the start-up time period of the oscillator.

Abstract: A waveform shaping circuit wave-shapes a demodulated signal after FM demodulation to generate a binary value. A smoothing circuit smoothes the demodulated signal to generate a reference voltage. A comparator compares the reference voltage with the demodulated signal to output the binary value. A potential difference limiting circuit determines whether a potential difference between the demodulated signal and the reference voltage exceeds a set voltage. When the potential difference exceeds the set voltage, the potential difference is controlled to a value less than the set voltage. At the initiation of signal reception or after a jamming signal stops, the reference voltage follows the demodulated signal, thus allowing data reception to rapidly begin.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for making a handover decision in a multi-access communication network is disclosed. A first set of criteria is determined for when a handover between at least two access paths should be performed and a report is sent when at least one criterion of a first set of criteria is fulfilled. A second set of criteria is determined for when a handover between said at least two access paths should be performed and a report is sent when at least one criterion of said second set of criteria is fulfilled. One or more data sessions of at least one user terminal network are determined to be handed over based on the sent reports and a core network anchor and a terminal anchor are directed to execute a handover by re-routing said determined data sessions from one access path to an alternative access path.

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communications is disclosed including a super regenerative receiver adapted to receive an incoming signal from a remote apparatus, and a circuit adapted to at least partially determine the distance to the remote apparatus based on the incoming signal. The super regenerative receiver may be configured for relatively high sensitivity to allow the distance measurement circuit to discern the line-of-sight (LOS) portion of the incoming signal from the non-LOS portion thereof. Using the time of the LOS portion of the incoming signal, the circuit is able to more accurately determine the distance to the remote apparatus. By sending a signal to the remote apparatus, and receiving a response signal from the remote apparatus, the circuit may determine the distance to the remote apparatus from the respective times of the transmission and reception of the signals.

Abstract: A transceiver for a RFID reader and a transceiver for a RFID transponder (tag) allow communication between the two devices. The RFID reader utilizes an analog front end and a digital backend. In the receiver portion of the transceiver, the front end of the RFID reader uses a pair of down-conversion mixers to demodulate a received signal into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) digitize the signal. A digital signal processor (DSP) in the back end processes the digital signal and uses a matched filter for data detection. The RFID tag receives an inductively coupled signal from the reader and the receiver portion of the tag uses a pulse/level detector that employs an analog comparator and a sample and hold circuit to detect the received signal. A digital decoder/controller is used to decode the incoming data and to establish a sampling clock for the pulse/level detector.

Abstract: A sub-threshold transistor bridge circuit for use in detecting the signal level of an input radio-frequency signal is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment each branch of the sub-threshold transistor bridge circuit comprises a transistor configured to operate in the sub-threshold region over a predetermined range of input signal levels. An input radio-frequency signal applied to a first pair of opposing corners of the bridge circuit yields a bridge output signal at the remaining pair of opposing corners that has a low-frequency component substantially proportional to the squared-amplitude of the envelope of the input radio-frequency signal. Also disclosed are various detector circuits including a sub-threshold transistor bridge circuit, as well as methods for detecting a signal level for an radio-frequency signal using a sub-threshold transistor bridge.

Abstract: RFID tags, tag circuits, and methods are provided that reduce at least in part the distortion to received wireless signals, which is caused by interference in the environment. Two or more thresholds are used to digitize the received signal implemented by two or more demodulators. Multiple low pass and digital filters may be implemented with the demodulators, allowing removal of narrow pulses caused by the interference and reduction of beat tone amplitude.

Abstract: Data packets are transmitted from a first access network to a first interface of a multiple interface device (MID), and identical data packets are transmitted concurrently from a second access network to a second interface of the MID. Some of the data packets that are transmitted to the MID from the first access network are not received by the first interface. The MID inspects identifiers of data packets from the first and second interfaces in order to send to the application a stream including all of the data packets. For example, the MID sends to the application the data packets from the first interface, buffers the data packets from the second interface, and sends data packets from the buffer to the application upon detecting that data packets in the buffer were transmitted to the first interface but not received by the first interface.

Abstract: A transceiver for a RFID reader and a transceiver for a RFID transponder (tag) allow communication between the two devices. The RFID reader utilizes an analog front end and a digital backend. In the receiver portion of the transceiver, the front end of the RFID reader uses a pair of down-conversion mixers to demodulate a received signal into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) digitize the signal. A digital signal processor (DSP) in the back end processes the digital signal and uses a matched filter for data detection. The RFID tag receives an inductively coupled signal from the reader and the receiver portion of the tag uses a pulse/level detector that employs an analog comparator and a sample and hold circuit to detect the received signal. A digital decoder/controller is used to decode the incoming data and to establish a sampling clock for the pulse/level detector.

Abstract: A system for recovering a signal of interest from a complex signal is provided. The system includes a plurality of different oscillators. Each of the plurality of oscillators is configured to facilitate improving a signal-to-noise ratio of an input complex signal by adjusting an oscillation frequency of each of the plurality of oscillators based on an input frequency of interest of the input complex signal.

Abstract: A high-frequency receiver alleviates an influence of adjacent interference waves in a location where an identical set of broadcast channels can be received with different broadcast waves which are broadcast or relayed in frequency bands different from one another by satellites and ground repeater(s). The I and Q signals are passed to a pair of variable LPFs. A demodulation unit is provided for each of said different broadcast waves to demodulate the I and Q signals derived from the broadcast wave into a demodulated signal. One of the demodulated signals which has a better reception quality is selected for output. Based on a reception level and a noise evaluation information (e.g., the bit error rate) for a selected demodulated signal, a controller controls the bandwidths of the variable LPFs so as to optimize the reception level and the noise evaluation information for the selected demodulated signal.

Abstract: A frequency converter (100) is provided, comprising: a pulse generator (150) configured to receive a balanced local oscillator signal pair and to generate a balanced rectangular pulse signal pair having the reference frequency; and a mixer (160) configured to mix an input signal having an input frequency with the balanced rectangular pulse signal pair to generate an output signal having an output frequency. The input frequency is different from the output frequency, and the pulse generator and the mixer are formed on a single integrated circuit (120). The frequency converter may comprise a balanced local oscillator (110) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair. The balanced local oscillator may comprise: an unbalanced local oscillator (130) configured to provide an unbalanced local oscillator signal having the reference frequency; and a balun (140) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair based on the unbalanced local oscillator signal.

Abstract: Counter-clockwise and clockwise quadrant transitions are detected and accumulated with respect to a received complex signal over a certain time period. These transitions may then be compared in order to obtain information indicative of both a magnitude and phase of a carrier frequency error for the received signal. Additionally, zero-crossings of the received complex signal over the same certain time period are detected and accumulated. The accumulated crossings provide information indicative of frequency offset magnitude. The determined magnitude and phase of the frequency error may then be used to adjust a local oscillator frequency to provide for improved receiver performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for accurately controlling a transmission power using a variable attenuator and a power detector in a mobile terminal is disclosed.

Abstract: For quasi-orthogonal multiplexing in an OFDMA system, multiple (M) sets of traffic channels are defined for each base station. The traffic channels in each set are orthogonal to one another and may be pseudo-random with respect to the traffic channels in each of the other sets. The minimum number of sets of traffic channels (L) is used to support a given number of (U) terminals selected for data transmission, where M?L?1 and U?1. Each terminal transmits data and pilot symbols on its traffic channel. A base station receives data transmissions from all terminals and may perform receiver spatial processing on received symbols with spatial filter matrices to obtain detected data symbols. The spatial filter matrix for each subband may be derived based on channel response estimates for all terminals transmitting on that subband.

Abstract: A transceiver for a RFID reader and a transceiver for a RFID transponder (tag) allow communication between the two devices. The RFID reader utilizes an analog front end and a digital backend. In the receiver portion of the transceiver, the front end of the RFID reader uses a pair of down-conversion mixers to demodulate a received signal into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) digitize the signal. A digital signal processor (DSP) in the back end processes the digital signal and uses a matched filter for data detection. The RFID tag receives an inductively coupled signal from the reader and the receiver portion of the tag uses a pulse/level detector that employs an analog comparator and a sample and hold circuit to detect the received signal. A digital decoder/controller is used to decode the incoming data and to establish a sampling clock for the pulse/level detector.

Abstract: A QP detection unit includes digital circuit elements. There is provided a digital QP detector which detects an electric power signal Vi, which is an input signal, and outputs a detection signal Vo. The digital QP detector includes a register which records input digital data, a first multiplier which multiplies the digital data recorded in the register by a first coefficient, a second multiplier which multiplies the digital data recorded in the register by a second coefficient, an adder which adds the electric power signal Vi and the output from the first multiplier to each other, a comparator which compares the level of the electric power signal Vi and the level of the detection signal Vo, and a first switch which switches the digital data to be fed to the register between the output from the adder (Vi>Vo) and the output from the second multiplier (Vi<Vo) based on a comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: A resonant tunneling diode or diode array oscillator (10) including a resonant diode (11) is coupled to a millimeter-wave source (14) and a quench generator (16) for periodically quenching the oscillations so that the average oscillation time of the oscillator is proportional to signal strength of the source (14). The signal source can be from an antenna such as a dipole or tapered slot line antenna.

Abstract: A super-regenerative receiver including a super-regenerative oscillator is disclosed. The super-regenerative receiver includes a super-regenerative oscillator for generating an oscillation signal when receiving driving current exceeding a predetermined critical level. The receiver also includes a bias current controller for generating bias current according to an output of the super-regenerative oscillator, and a pulse width controller for receiving a predetermined clock and controlling a width of the clock according to the output of the super-regenerative oscillator. The super-regenerative receiver further includes a quench generator receiving the width-controlled clock from the pulse width controller and generating quench current that varies according to the pulse width of the clock. The driving current for oscillation equals to a sum of the bias current N-times multiplied and the quench current.

Abstract: A low power super regenerative receiver and a method of reducing the power consumption of the low power super regenerative receiver are provided. The super regenerative receiver includes: an oscillator having a start-up time period starting oscillation that varies according to an existence of an input signal; and a power controller supplying power within the start-up time period of the oscillator.

Abstract: This disclosure addresses providing gigabit-rate data transmission over wireless radio links, using carrier frequencies in the millimeter-wave range (>30 GHz). More specifically, a circuit for detection of amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) or other amplitude modulations (AM) which can be easily incorporated into an integrated circuit receiver system is described, making the receiver capable of supporting both complex IQ modulation schemes and simpler, non-coherent on-off or multiple-level keying signals. Several novel radio architectures are also described which, with the addition of a frequency discriminator network, have the capability of handling frequency shift keyed (FSK) or other frequency modulations (FM), as well as AM and complex IQ modulation schemes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric circuit for a telemetric transmission. A semiconductor transistor switch switches a quenching circuit into an electrically conductive state to prevent oscillation of a resonance circuit. The semiconductor transistor switch switches the quenching circuit into a state preventing the passage of electric current to enable oscillation of the resonance circuit. The quenching circuit comprises at least one restriction component for preventing the passage of a base current of the semiconductor transistor switch when the semiconductor transistor switch is switched open.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for superregenerative system are disclosed, including an oscillator circuit for a superregenerative receiver. The oscillator circuit includes an RF oscillator, incorporating a self-biased transistor and a positive feedback circuit; and an external quench oscillator, for providing a quench signal to the RF oscillator; wherein the quench signal is coupled to the RF oscillator through a reversed-biased diode. The arrangement improves the performance of conventional superregenerative receivers by providing high selectivity and optimum receiver sensitivity, which is insusceptible to variations in supply voltage, temperature and device parameters.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for determining process corner information of an integrated circuit (IC) and controlling at least one analog current for at least one analog circuit of the IC based on the process corner information. More specifically, if the process corner information is indicative of a fast corner IC, the analog current may be scaled down. At the same time that the analog current is scaled down, a current consumption level of digital circuitry of the IC may increase. In this way, overall power consumption of the IC may be reduced to the extent that the analog current(s) are scaled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for performing packet switched handover in a mobile communication network. The system comprises a mobile node, a first and a second packet switching node. The method enables the parallel sending of logical link layer frames from the first and the second packet switching node. This is achieved so that the mobile node does not reject incoming frames received from two logical link layer entities having different states. The benefits of the invention are related to improved quality of service and the avoiding of gaps in received data during handover.

Abstract: A signal reception time period detector is disclosed. The signal reception time period detector includes a signal separation portion configured to decompose into signal components a received signal composed of plural signals which are overlapped at least partially in a period during which the received signal is transmitted, and a reception time period detection portion configured to detect a time period during which the signal components are received based on the signal components.

Abstract: An envelope detector that does not generate an undesirable DC offset at its DC output signal. An envelope detector according to the present teachings includes a circuit for performing a DC level shift on an AC input signal applied to the envelope detector such that a magnitude of the DC level shift is proportional to a peak envelope of the AC input signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a receiver for receiving a narrow frequency deviation frequency modulated or phase modulated base band signal including a mixer for mixing the received narrow frequency deviation signal to generate an intermediate frequency signal, a band pass filter for filtering the intermediate frequency signal, and a narrow band discriminator circuit that performs a time domain expansion of the modulation deviation of the intermediate frequency signal and discriminates the base band signal.