Abstract: Disclosed are an uplink and downlink transmission resource allocation method and device. In this application, a first channel is transmitted on a specified time-frequency resource within a first channel transmitting period according to the first channel transmitting period. The first channel is at least used for notifying allocation information of an uplink transmission resource and a downlink transmission resource within the first channel transmitting period or an effective time period of the first channel, so that dynamic partitioning and notification of the uplink transmission resource and the downlink transmission resource are achieved.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device may comprise a communication circuit configured to perform proximity-based service direct discovery; and a processor configured to broadcast a safety message related to the electronic device via the communication circuit in a first safe operation mode, and receive a safety message broadcast from at least one external electronic device in a second safe operation mode different from the first safe operation mode, and various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data link establishment method and an apparatus. In the solution, a second NAN device sends a relay request message to a first NAN device, so as to trigger the first NAN device to establish a first NDL with the second NAN device and establish a second NDL with a third NAN device. In this way, the second NAN device successfully establishes a connection to the third NAN device. This resolves a prior-art disadvantage of failing to establish an NDL.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for saving power while performing radio access technology measurements. An exemplary method that may be performed by user equipment (UE) includes obtaining a configuration indicating a measurement gap for the UE to measure one or more non-serving cells, wherein the UE does not receive data transmissions from a serving cell during the measurement gap, deciding not to measure the non-serving cells during a period including at least a portion of the measurement gap, and deactivating a receive chain of the UE during the period.

Abstract: The method in the embodiment of the present invention includes: determining a shared frequency band, and a cell of the shared frequency band is a secondary serving cell of UE1 that performs communication by using the first network and a secondary serving cell of UE2 that performs communication by using the second network, and both the UE1 and the UE2 can work on the shared frequency band and at least one other frequency band than the shared frequency band; and transmitting only a common signal of the second network on the shared frequency band when service transmission of the first network is performed on the shared frequency band.

Abstract: A carrier selection method, a terminal device and a computer storage medium are disclosed. The method includes: running at least one process on at least one carrier, wherein different processes are run on a same carrier or different carriers; and performing carrier re-selection for at least part of the at least one process when a carrier re-selection timer expires is detected.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a communication system capable of appropriately providing services while improving a data rate using carrier aggregation. In Step ST1408, of a cell1 and a cell2 of a base station A, RRC connection is established between the cell1 and a UE, and the cell1 becomes a primary cell (PCell). Then, in Step ST1418, the cell1 determines to configure the cell2 as a secondary cell (SCell) to be aggregated with the own cell. Then, the cell1 notifies the UE of the above in Step ST1419. Upon this notification, the operation of restricting access to the cell2 from the UE is stopped by an MME, and thereafter, communication between the UE and the cell2 is started in Step ST1422.

Abstract: A method for decoding PLMN information comprises receiving a message comprising PLMN information for a plurality of cells and determining PLMN information from the message for a first group of cells that comprises at least one cell, each cell of the first group of cells associated with a first core network type. The method further comprises determining PLMN information from the message for a second group of cells that comprises at least one cell, each cell of the second group of cells associated with a second core network type. At least one cell is a part of the first group of cells and the second group of cells. The PLMN information for the at least one cell in the first group of cells and the second group of cells is provided only once.

Abstract: A user equipment comprises one or more antennas, a processor to communicate with an enhanced Node B (eNB) of an Internet Protocol (IP) based wireless communication network via the antenna; and a storage medium coupled to the processor. The storage medium having instructions stored thereon, that if executed by the processor, result in: collecting, at a first location, context information associated with a second location, wherein the user equipment is to roam from the first location to the second location; predicting the second location of the user equipment based on the context information; determining a set of one or more candidate frequency bands relating to the second location; and performing, at the second location, an initial cell scan based on the set of one or more candidate frequency bands to search for a frequency band that is supported by the user equipment, in response that the user equipment roams to the second location.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to communication systems, and more particularly, to efficient data scheduling in systems having a supplemental uplink carrier (SUL) configured. In some aspects, a method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE receives signaling configuring the UE for uplink control channel transmission on a primary uplink carrier (PUL) or a SUL. The SUL is an uplink carrier not paired to a downlink carrier. The UE monitors in at least one search space for downlink control information (DCI) scheduling the UE for uplink data transmission to a cell on the PUL or the SUL. The UE sends one or more uplink data transmissions to the cell on the primary uplink carrier or the supplemental uplink carrier based on the DCI.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). Provided is a method for processing System Information (SI) by a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. The method includes receiving, from a first base station (BS), information related to change of SI; and waiting for reception of changed SI based on the information.

Abstract: A user equipment for a mobile communication system, includes: a receiver configured to receive first system information which is broadcast from a base station and includes information necessary for accessing a cell of the base station; a transmitter configured to transmit a request signal including an identifier indicating a type of system information requested by the user equipment from among second system information other than the first system information; and a controller configured to acquire, from the base station, the system information indicated by the identifier.

Abstract: A system is disclosed in which a mobile communication device establishes device-to-device (D2D) communication with another mobile communication device, and searches for a communication network whilst engaged in the D2D communication. When it finds a communication network, the mobile communication device indicates that it is engaged in the D2D communication. The mobile communication device continues, or does not continue, the D2D communication based on an authorisation by the communication network.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recovering from abnormal scenarios that cause release of a connection between network and UE including, detecting an interruption of a Radio Resource (RR) connection with a first PLMN associated with at least one first parameter, the interruption resulting in a loss of access to at least one type of service from the first PLMN, adding the at least one first parameter, the at least one type of service, and a defined time period to a list for the defined time period, and detecting a second PLMN associated with at least one second parameter within the defined time period, the second PLMN providing access to the at least one type of service, the at least one second parameter being different from the at least one first parameter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for announcing the expected delay period between when a wireless AP stops transmitting on a first channel and begins transmitting on a second channel. After the last beacon frame is send on an old channel, a delay is experienced between transmitting the last frame on the old channel and transmitting the first frame on the new channel, where the delay varies based on the implementation of the AP and any CAC that must be performed on the new channel before broadcasting. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention provide an expected channel switch time element, for example, in a beacon frame or probe response frame.

Abstract: Provided are a device-to-device (D2D) operation method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a terminal using the method. The method comprises: determining whether the terminal is located within network coverage; and transmitting information notifying a result of the determination to another terminal. Using this information, said another terminal can know whether the terminal is located within the network coverage and perform the D2D operation on the basis thereof.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is provided and is capable of selecting between a mode in which a service search is performed in a single network and a mode in which a service search is performed in a plurality of networks selects which mode to perform a service search in based on a predetermined condition, and performs a service search in the selected mode.

Abstract: For information processing, a network device includes a first communication component that is connected with a server via a first type of access network, and performs an information interaction with the server. The network device further includes a second communication component that is connected to the first communication component. The second communication component connects with at least one terminal device and performs an information interaction with the at least one terminal device by sending information based on an information interaction with the server.

Abstract: Apparatuses (including base stations and terminals), systems, and methods for supporting both wideband and narrowband communications are described. In one aspect, a base station supporting first type terminals operating on a first bandwidth and second type terminals operating on a second bandwidth is described, having an information formatter, a transceiver, and a controller. The information formatter generates a Low-end Master Information Block (L-MIB) and a Low-end System Information Block (L-SIB), which are transmitted by the transceiver to first type and second type terminals. The L-MIB includes control information on an L-subframe configuration for supporting a second type terminal and a sub-band configuration of the L-subframe, while the L-SIB includes information on downlink reception and uplink transmission of the second type terminal. When the base station receives a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble request from one of the terminals, the base station performs the random access procedure.

Abstract: A method of using geo-location information to suspend home network scanning in wireless communication networks is discussed herein. The method includes obtaining, by a mobile device, service from a first wireless communication network that is different from a second wireless communication network. The method further includes, based at least in part on the obtaining service from the first wireless communication network, scanning, by the mobile device, for the second wireless communication network. The method also includes determining, by the mobile device, a location of the mobile device and, based at least in part on the location, determining, by the mobile device, a distance of the mobile device from the second wireless communication network. Based at least in part on the distance, the mobile device delays or suspends further scanning, by the mobile device, for the second wireless communication network for at least a predetermined amount of time.

Abstract: A communication device comprises a wireless data interface including a radio transceiver and a controller for controlling the transceiver according to a first frequency hopping protocol comprising a first plurality of frequency channels within a first frequency range and according to a second frequency hopping protocol comprising a second plurality of frequency channels within a second frequency range, wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range overlap at least in part. The controller is configured to temporarily disable part of the frequency channels for the first protocol in case that radio interference is recognized for those frequency channels, with the disabled frequency channels for that first protocol being stored. The controller is also configured to retrieve the disabled frequency channels of the first protocol and to disable, at least for a predetermined initial time period, at least part of those disabled frequency channels also for the second protocol.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a communication system capable of appropriately providing services while improving a data rate using carrier aggregation. In Step ST1408, of a cell1 and a cell2 of a base station A, RRC connection is established between the cell1 and a UE, and the cell1 becomes a primary cell (PCell). Then, in Step ST1418, the cell1 determines to configure the cell2 as a secondary cell (SCell) to be aggregated with the own cell. Then, the cell1 notifies the UE of the above in Step ST1419. Upon this notification, the operation of restricting access to the cell2 from the UE is stopped by an MME, and thereafter, communication between the UE and the cell2 is started in Step ST1422.

Abstract: The disclosed methods and systems use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies to model the usage and interference on each channel. For example, units of the system can measure channel interference regularly over the time of day on all radios. The interference information is communicated to the base unit or a cloud server for pattern analysis. Interference measurements include interference from units within the system as well as interference from nearby devices. The base unit or the cloud server can recognize the pattern of the interference. Further, connected devices have a number of network usage characteristics observed and modeled including bitrate, and network behavior. These characteristics are used to assign channels to connected devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing requests for signal quality measurement are provided herein. According to at least one aspect, a communication device, which has a plurality of subscriptions, maintains first state parameter information for one or more subscriptions of the plurality of subscriptions to indicate whether a call is ongoing for each subscription of the one or more subscriptions. The communication device receives, for a further subscription of the plurality of subscriptions, a request to measure a channel condition of one or more signals. The communication device responds to the request to measure the channel condition of the one or more signals based on a determination that the first state parameter information for the one or more subscriptions indicates no call is ongoing for each subscription of the one or more subscriptions.

Abstract: Provided are: a method by which a terminal transmits a system information request in a wireless communication system; and a device for supporting the same. The method comprises the steps of: receiving, from a first cell, a list of a frequency and a cell to which a system information request can be transmitted; and determining whether to transmit, to the first cell, the system information request on the basis of the list, wherein the system information request can be transmitted only to a cell included in the list or to a cell using a frequency included in the list.

Abstract: A system for wireless power delivery including one or more transmitters and receivers. A method for wireless power delivery, preferably including: determining transmitter-receiver proximity; determining transmission parameter values, preferably including determining initial parameter values, evaluating candidate transmission parameter values, performing one or more local optimum searches, and/or performing one or more global optimum searches; and transmitting power based on the transmission parameter values.

Abstract: A method for selecting a serving AMF of a network node in a wireless communication system includes receiving a registration request message of a user equipment (UE), the registration request message including a network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI) for a slice requested by the UE and priority information of the NSSAI; determining whether the NSSAI is valid for the UE; when the NSSAI is valid for the UE, searching a first AMF which is able to support the NSSAI based on the priority information; and when the first AMF is searched, selecting the first AMF as the serving AMF serving the UE and transmitting the registration request message to the first AMF.

Abstract: A wireless device, a radio network node, and methods therefor, for communicating in a network. The wireless device is configured to determine one or more possible first sequences of a discovery signal. The wireless device is configured to receive a second sequence of the discovery signal, and to determine if the one or more possible first sequences match the second sequence.

Abstract: Improved systems and techniques are disclosed for controlling the security states of anti-theft security systems such as product display assemblies using security fobs. According to an example embodiment, a manager security fob and another security fob that is to be authorized for use in controlling the security status of a product display assembly can interact with a system in accordance with a defined sequence to add the another security fob to an authorization list for the product display assembly. For example, the defined sequence can be a connection of the manager security fob with the system, followed by a disconnection of the manager security fob from the system, followed a connection of the another security fob with the system within a defined window.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) performs wireless communication by starting a scan of an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) configured for performing a narrowband communication. The UE determines, based on a spectral characteristic of a phase of a signal in the ARFCN, whether a cellular communication is deployed in the ARFCN. The UE may then terminate the scan of the ARFCN in response to the spectral characteristic of the phase of the signal in the ARFCN indicating that the cellular communication is deployed in the ARFCN. Alternatively, the UE may proceed with a synchronization signal search on the ARFCN in response to the spectral characteristic of the phase of the signal in the ARFCN indicating that the cellular communication is not deployed in the ARFCN.

Abstract: The present invention defines an efficient measurement method for idle mode M2M/MTC device with low/no mobility in a mobile communication system. An example of the mobile communication system to which the present invention is application is 3GPP UMTS mobile communication system and 3GPP LTE/LTE-A mobile communication system as the next generation mobile communication system under discussion in 3GPP.

Abstract: At a mobile terminal: communicating with a serving base station over multicast; receiving a first multicast signal from the serving base station and a second signal from a second base station; determining an indication of the length of a first cyclic prefix of the first multicast signal and an indication of the length of a second cyclic prefix of the second signal; and where the mobile terminal determines that the lengths of the first and second cyclic prefixes are different, initiating a switch in communication between the mobile terminal and the serving base station to unicast. In complementary fashion, at a base station serving a mobile terminal over multicast; sending to the mobile terminal a multicast signal comprising a first cyclic prefix with a first length; receiving from the mobile terminal an indication that the mobile terminal has detected a second cyclic prefix with a second length and switching communicating with the mobile terminal from multicast to unicast.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to using natural language processing to identify a context of failure associated with a channel error and analyzing the identified context of failure in relation to historic data by machine learning algorithms to identify one or more of a severity ranking, alternate channel, and solution for the channel error. In some instances, a computing platform may receive data corresponding to a system event associated with a channel of server infrastructure, identify a technical issue, customer intent, and customer sentiment of the system event, determine a context of failure of the system event, generate a mapping of the context of failure in relation to historic data, and identify a suggested solution, severity assignment, and alternate channel for the system event based on the mapping of the context of failure in relation to the historic data.

Abstract: Disclosed are measurement method and device, information interchange method and device and residence method and device. The measurement method includes configuring measurement configuration information about a UE and sending same, the measurement configuration information including a measurement report trigger condition for a reference cell, so that the UE reports a measurement result when satisfying the measurement report trigger condition. The information interchange method includes interchanging discontinuous data transmission parameter configuration information with a fourth base station, so that a base station side executes scheduling and/or mobility management on a user equipment. The residence method includes sending indication information to a UE, the indication information being used for indicating whether the UE can reside in this cell or not, an object of the UE that can be resident, an object of the UE that cannot be resident, and at least one of the size and type of the cell.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receive at least one of forbidden radio access technology code and indication that a radio access technology of a cell is forbidden, wherein the at least one of forbidden radio access technology code and indication indicates a radio access technology not allowed for access; store the received at least one of forbidden radio access technology code and indication in a forbidden list; and perform an attach, tracking area update or routing area update in a suitable cell if a suitable cell can be found within the same network not using the radio access technologies in the forbidden list; or perform a network re-selection if a suitable cell cannot be found within the same network

Abstract: A Machine-to-machine (M2M) terminal (11) comprises a radio communication unit (111) and a controller (112). The radio communication unit (111) is configured to communicate with a base station (13). The controller (112) is configured to change at least one of a cell selection operation, a cell reselection operation, and a handover operation according to whether a specific coverage enhancement processing is required or according to whether the specific coverage enhancement processing is supported by at least one of a cell (13) in which the M2M terminal (11) camps on and a neighbouring cell (14) of the cell (13) which the M2M terminal (11) camps on. It is thus possible to provide an improved technique for allowing the M2M terminal that is supporting a special coverage enhancement processing for M2M terminals to camp on an appropriate cell.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for redirecting a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a dedicated core network (CN) node are described. An apparatus is configured to initiate a Service Request with a non-dedicated network node. The apparatus is configured to receive a special identifier in response to the Service Request, which indicates the apparatus should be redirected to a dedicated CN node based on subscription information. Radio access network resources associated with the apparatus may be released and the apparatus may then perform a tracking area update (TAU) request which is then forwarded to the dedicated CN node.

Abstract: A distributed radio frequency communication system facilitates communication between a wireless terminal and a core network. The system includes a remote radio unit (RRU) coupled to at least one antenna to communicate with the wireless terminal. The RRU includes electronic circuitry to perform at least a first portion of a first-level protocol of a radio access network (RAN) for communicating between the wireless terminal and the core network. The system also includes a baseband unit (BBU) coupled to the core network, and configured to perform at least a second-level protocol of the RAN. A fronthaul link is coupled to the BBU and the RRU. The fronthaul link utilizes an adaptive fronthaul protocol for communication between the BBU and the RRU. The adaptive fronthaul protocol has provisions for adapting to conditions of the fronthaul link and radio network by changing the way data is communicated over the fronthaul link.

Abstract: A Machine-to-machine (M2M) terminal (11) comprises a radio communication unit (111) and a controller (112). The radio communication unit (111) is configured to communicate with a base station (13). The controller (112) is configured to change at least one of a cell selection operation, a cell reselection operation, and a handover operation according to whether a specific coverage enhancement processing is required or according to whether the specific coverage enhancement processing is supported by at least one of a cell (13) in which the M2M terminal (11) camps on and a neighbouring cell (14) of the cell (13) which the M2M terminal (11) camps on. It is thus possible to provide an improved technique for allowing the M2M terminal that is supporting a special coverage enhancement processing for M2M terminals to camp on an appropriate cell.

Abstract: A network comprising a first centralized unit (CU) and a first distributed unit (DU) for handling a fallback comprises at least one storage device for storing instructions and at least one processing circuit coupled to the at least one storage device. The at least one processing circuit is configured to execute the instructions stored in the at least one storage device. The instructions comprise the first CU receiving a first INITIAL UPLINK (UL) RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL (RRC) MESSAGE TRANSFER message from the first DU, wherein the first INITIAL UL RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER message comprises a first RRCReestablishmentRequest message received from a first communication device, and a first CellGroupConfig for the first communication device; and the first CU transmitting a first DOWNLINK (DL) RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER message to the first DU, wherein the first DL RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER message comprises a RRCSetup message, and the RRCSetup message comprises the first CellGroupConfig.

Abstract: An access point coupled to a node within a network is configured to combine channel maps provided by other access points to which the node is coupled, thereby reconciling any discrepancies between those channel maps. The access point may also combine channel maps associated with different regions that the node may occupy, thereby reducing the number of channel maps that must be transmitted to the node when the node travel between regions.

Abstract: A WTRU (102) may receive updated assistance information for network slice selection and/or reselection (410). The WTRU may apply local policies to determine when to use the updated assistance information to access a network slice (440). The WTRU may determine whether to contact an existing network slice function (470) or a new network slice function (460) to establish a connection to a network slice. Based on the determination, the WTRU may transmit different information to the network. The network slice selection and/or reselection may be initiated by a WTRU or by a network.

Abstract: According to one configuration, an analyzer resource determines an ability of a wireless access point to wirelessly communicate over each of multiple available wireless communication channels in a wireless frequency band. The analyzer resource produces performance information (performance metrics or calibration information) based on the measured ability. The analyzer resource assigns the performance metrics to the wireless access point. When operating in the field (such as in a wireless network environment), to provide mobile communication devices access to a remote network, the wireless access point uses the assigned performance metrics as a basis to select amongst multiple available wireless communication channels to communicate with one or more mobile communication devices in the wireless network environment. These and other techniques are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The invention is directed to allowing network base stations to receive information from mobile communication terminals about terminal-detected usage of unlicensed band utilization, e.g., due to uncoordinated short-range wireless communication usage in combination with LTE deployments in unlicensed bands. The present invention introduces additional information into automatic neighbor relation (ANR) reporting. The additional information comprises information associated with the unlicensed band utilization. The additional information enables a base station scheduler (e.g., an LTE base station scheduler) associated with a base station to take radio access technology (RAT) utilization other than cellular utilization (e.g., 2G, 3G, LTE, etc.) into account in order to decrease in-device coexistence issues and increase unlicensed band system capacity.

Abstract: A server receives, from a first mobile device, a request for content identified by a first resource identifier and a set of presence codes. The set of presence codes includes a presence code for the first mobile device and at least one other presence code for one or more mobile devices in proximity to the first mobile device. The server selects a set of allocated resource identifiers associated with one or more presence codes for one or more of the mobile devices in proximity to the first mobile device having the content cached therein. Each allocated resource identifier in the set is different than the first resource identifier. The server then sends to the first mobile device the set of allocated resource identifiers and associated presence codes for use in retrieving the content cached in at least one of the mobile devices in proximity to the first mobile device.

Abstract: A terminal device for use in a wireless telecommunications system comprises a transceiver to perform wireless communication with a base station and to obtain system information defining communication parameters from system information data received from that base station; system information storage; and a controller to detect whether the system information storage already holds at least some of the system information applicable to a newly communicating base station and to control the transceiver to obtain any portions of the system information not already held by the terminal device, in which: the system information comprises a plurality of system information blocks; and the controller is configured to detect parts of a system information block stored by the system information storage which are applicable to the newly communicating base station and to obtain other parts of that system information block as a partial system information block from the newly communicating base station.

Abstract: Dynamic channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) activation/deactivation via layer 1 signaling is discussed. An eNB may configure multiple dynamic CSI-RS resource configurations for a given user equipment (UE). Multiple dynamic CSI-RS configurations may be associated with CSI processes, and also one or more dynamic CSI-RS resources may be associated with multiple CSI processes. Each dynamic CSI-RS resource configuration may include the number of ports, RE locations, and power ratio, as well as the subframe configuration, which may include periodicity and subframe offset. The eNB may dynamically trigger or release the different dynamic CSI-RS resources through layer 1 signaling. Additional aspects provide for ways to determine dynamic CSI-RS transmission instances, to enhance rate matching to support dynamic CSI-RS transmissions, and to report CSI for dynamic CSI-RS resources.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wirelessly scanning frequency bands based on device location and/or mobility are presented. The method can include (i) scanning, by a mobile device and according to a first wireless scanning protocol, frequencies within first frequency bands that correspond to a first geographic region and second frequency bands that correspond to a second geographic region; (ii) determining at least one of an estimated location or an estimated mobility characteristic of the mobile device; (iii) determining, based on at least one of the estimated location or the estimated mobility characteristic, to adjust a scheduled time for the mobile device to initiate scanning according to a second wireless scanning protocol; (iv) and initiating at the scheduled time, scanning according to the second wireless scanning protocol.

Abstract: A base station may obtain channel usage information identifying usage of one or more unlicensed radio frequency (RF) spectrum bands. The base station may select a selected band, of the one or more unlicensed RF spectrum bands, based on the channel usage information. The base station may select one or more RF channels, of multiple RF channels included in the selected band, based on a congestion value of the selected band. The congestion value may be determined based on values of the channel usage information corresponding to the selected band. The selected RF channel may include an impaired RF channel that may not permit full bandwidth utilization due to constraints. The base station may communicate with user equipment via the one or more RF channels of the selected band.

Abstract: A method is provided for affirming the pairing of BLUETOOTH® enabled devices using an affirmation key. The method is performed by a BLUETOOTH® enabled peripheral computing device.