Abstract: According to one embodiment, a baseband integrated circuit is configured to: perform division between a first component of a baseband signal modulated by a minimum shift keying scheme and the first component of a predetermined first synchronization word signal; select the division result corresponding to a frequency offset from among a plurality of division results; interpolate the selected division result; and approximate the interpolated division result by a sine wave, and estimate the frequency offset based on an approximated sine wave.

Abstract: [Object] To propose a wireless communication apparatus that is capable of connecting to the Internet more easily. [Solution] Provided is a wireless communication apparatus including: a first wireless communication unit configured to wirelessly communicate with a wireless terminal having subscriber identification information for a first network; a second wireless communication unit configured to connect to a second network to perform wireless communication; and a control unit configured to receive authentication information based on the subscriber identification information from the wireless terminal by the first wireless communication unit, and perform authentication to the second network using the authentication information by the second wireless communication unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, formatting, by an input formatting block, input streams into plural PLPs (Physical Layer Pipes); encoding, by an encoder, data in the plural PLPs; time interleaving, by a time interleaver, the encoded data in the plural PLPs, wherein the time interleaving includes: cell interleaving, by a cell interleaver, the encoded data by permuting cells in a FEC (Forward Error Correction) block in the plural PLPs; frame mapping, by a framer, the time interleaved data onto at least one signal frame; and waveform modulating, by a waveform block, the mapped data in the at least one signal frame and transmitting, by the waveform block, broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: A programmable multi-band receiver includes a signal coupler, programmable signal scaler including a fixed capacitance part including a series set of switchable capacitor arrays positioned before Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protecting circuitry coupled to a variable capacitance part after the ESD protecting circuitry, reconfigurable mixer array, then a baseband polyphase filter. The variable capacitance part includes a parallel set of paths each including a capacitor and at least one switch for setting a center frequency for band selection. The reconfigurable mixer array is coupled to receive phase signals from a local oscillator (LO) circuit and includes a plurality of mixer switch elements for providing image rejection. The received signal strength is adjusted by the programmable signal scaler so that the electrostatic discharge circuit (ESD) can operate without the need of a negative supply voltage.

Abstract: A system and method of permitting coexistence of WiFi and Bluetooth® data transfer on a single chip in UE including a transceiver includes using CTS data packets to protect Bluetooth® signals for SCO communication links; using only WiFi circuitry in the chip to determine when Bluetooth® data transfer is required by the UE; establishing a specified period of the Bluetooth® data transfer; and starting WiFi medium contention only upon an end of the specified period of the Bluetooth® data transfer on the single chip. The power save mode of the WiFi circuitry may be used with Bluetooth® ACL data packets in WiFi periodic data transfer gaps. The WiFi data transfer has no timing constraints, whereas the Bluetooth® data transfer has timing constraints and can only occur during the specified period. The WiFi data transfer does not occur when the Bluetooth® data transfer is occurring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, formatting, by an input formatting block, input streams into plural PLPs (Physical Layer Pipes); encoding, by an encoder, data in the plural PLPs; time interleaving, by a time interleaver, the encoded data in the plural PLPs, wherein the time interleaving includes: cell interleaving, by a cell interleaver, the encoded data by permuting cells in a FEC (Forward Error Correction) block in the plural PLPs; frame mapping, by a framer, the time interleaved data onto at least one signal frame; and waveform modulating, by a waveform block, the mapped data in the at least one signal frame and transmitting, by the waveform block, broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: A front-end module configured to cancel unwanted transmit spectrum at one or more receivers comprises at least one transmitter having a power amplifier and configured to transmit signals to an antenna. The front-end module also comprises at least one receiver to receive the transmit signals, wherein the at least one receiver receives at least a portion of unwanted transmit spectrum. A directional coupler couples at least a portion of a transmit output signal from the power amplifier to provide a coupled transmit output signal to signal conditioning circuitry associated with the at least one receiver and configured to condition the coupled transmit output signal to generate a conditioned transmit signal to provide to the at least one receiver, wherein the conditioned transmit signal at least partially cancels the unwanted transmit spectrum. The signal conditioning circuitry may adjust the amplitude and phase of the coupled transmit output signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a compatible circuit and a terminal. The compatible circuit includes a printed circuit board (PCB) of which the existing structure is not changed, and a group of compatible devices which are in a pin-to-pin form and have different internal structures, wherein the compatible devices and the PCB are assembled together; the internal structures of the compatible devices are matched with a link compatibility selection requirement; and the compatible devices are configured to conduct link selection output on at least two links which are input and need compatibility, in accordance with the link compatibility selection requirement.

Abstract: A communication device includes an image capturing unit, a detection unit that continuously determines presence of an external device based on a image acquired by the image capturing unit, a first wireless communication unit that performs wireless communication, and a control unit that performs control so that processing for establishing wireless communication with the external device is started if the external device is detected by the detection unit, where the wireless communication with the external device is disconnected if the external device is not detected the wireless communication with the external device remains connected if the external device is detected again.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling and locating the source of a remote signal, comprising a first electronic device configured to transmit a first wireless signal containing information concerning a power level of the first electronic device, and a second electronic device configured to: measure a strength of the first wireless signal; approximate a proximity of the second electronic device to the first electronic device; identify, based on the approximated proximity and the information concerning the power level of the first electronic device, one or more changes to a configuration of the first wireless signal for optimizing power consumption of the first electronic device during a search for the first electronic device; and instruct the first electronic device, via a second wireless signal, to transmit the first wireless signal with the at least one or more identified configuration changes.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic device and a method for managing a specific absorption rate (SAR). In the present disclosure, even if an antenna for second communication is activated while the electronic device transmits/receives wireless signals of a plurality of frequency bands for first communication, an increase in an SAR value by frequency overlapping can be reduced or suppressed.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for drive through monitoring using wireless beacons. A merchant may set up a wireless beacon at a drive through location for the merchant. The beacons may provide check-in services to a user when the user arrives at the drive through in a vehicle. The user may be checked-in through a device for the user, such as a mobile phone or a vehicles dashboard console that has communication capabilities with the beacon. Once the device establishes a communication channel with the beacon, check-in information or an identifier is received and associated with an order. The order may previously have been provided to the merchant. The user can complete payment for the order through the device and when the user arrives at a pick-up window, the merchant may utilize another beacon to connect to the device and retrieve the correct order for the user.

Abstract: A transceiver and a method operating the transceiver are provided. The transceiver includes a first communication module configured to receive a first signal based on a first communication scheme; a second communication module configured to receive a second signal based on a second communication scheme; a reception module having a low-power circuit configured to detect a signal in a frequency band which can be used by the first communication module and the second communication module; and a controller configured to establish channels for the first communication module or the second communication module based on a strength of the signal detected by the reception module.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing access node neighbor relations. An application requirement associated with a wireless device in communication with a first access node may be determined. A neighbor reporting criteria may be calculated based on the determined application requirement. The first access node may then receive an identifier of a second access node from the wireless device. The second identifier may be transmitted from the wireless device in response to a reporting event triggered based on a first signal level of the first access node, a second signal level of the second access node, and the neighbor reporting criteria. It may be determined, based on the second identifier, if a communication link between the first access node and the second access node has been previously established. If not, a communication link between the first access node and second access node may be established.

Abstract: A mobile station determines, in accordance with reception quality of a radio signal from a base station, a measurement cycle of a predetermined measurement on a link status and/or on/off of the predetermined measurement and controls execution of the predetermined measurement based on the determination.

Abstract: A wireless communication device (WDEV) includes a communication interface and a processor, among other possible circuitries, components, elements, etc. to support communications with other WDEV (s) and to generate and process signals associated with such communications. The WDEV supports first communications with a first other WDEV and supports second communications with a second other WDEV. The WDEV processes the first communications and the second communications to determine whether the first other WDEV and the second other WDEV are substantially co-located at a physical location. When not co-located, the WDEV processes the first communications and the second communications based on at least one of a ranging or a location protocol to determine location information of the WDEV. Alternatively, when co-located, the WDEV stores information that indicates co-location of the first other WDEV and the second other WDEV.

Abstract: An RF antenna switch and a method for operating the antenna switch are disclosed. In an embodiment the antenna switch includes an antenna terminal and a switch including a number of n I/O terminals and n?x transceiver units, wherein each transceiver unit is configured to operate in a frequency band of a respective communication system, and wherein n and x are integers and n, x?1 and n>x. The switch is further adapted to independently connect a plurality of the I/O terminals to the antenna terminal to provide a respective signal paths from the antenna terminal to the I/O terminals, wherein a first filter is connected between a first I/O terminal and a common input node of a first transceiver unit, the first filter being adapted to filter out an unwanted harmonic mode produced by a transmitter of the first transceiver unit.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) front end circuitry includes primary communications circuitry and secondary communications circuitry. The primary communications circuitry is configured to provide primary RF transmit signals and receive primary RF receive signals. The secondary communications circuitry is configured to provide primary RF transmit signals during certain uplink carrier aggregation configurations to provide antenna-to-antenna isolation between primary RF transmit signals and thus reduce intermodulation between signals in problematic operating band combinations.

Abstract: A network device may be configured for communication over multiple communication networks. In one example, a method for using a network device to communicate over multiple networks is disclosed. The method includes receiving a packet from a combined communication interface and determining that the packet is formatted according to a first communication protocol. In response to determining that the packet is formatted according to the first communication protocol, the method includes enabling a first component in a first digital signal processor (DSP) block of the network device to process the packet according to the first communication protocol, and disabling a second component of the first DSP block, wherein the second component is configured to process the packet according to a second communication protocol.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to providing interconnectivity between a plurality of user devices. A wireless interconnectivity device connects to a first user device of the plurality of user devices over a first local wireless network, connects to a second user device of the plurality of user devices over a second local wireless network, receives a request from the first user device to transfer data from the first user device to the second user device, determines whether or not a third user device has granted permission to transfer the data from the first user device to the second user device, and transfers the data from the first user device to the second user device based on the third user device having granted permission to transfer the data from the first user device to the second user device.

Abstract: Method of spectrum allocation in a wireless network, comprising the steps, performed by a first access point connected to said wireless network and operating at a first spectrum configuration, chosen from a finite set of spectrum configurations, each spectrum configuration in the set comprising a channel center frequency, a channel width and a transmit power, of: a) estimation of a performance indicator of at least one first link connecting the first access point and at least one first client of said first access point, for at least one spectrum configuration among said finite set of spectrum configurations; and b) switching the operation of the first access point to a new spectrum configuration identified among said finite set of spectrum configurations on the basis of a utility parameter determined at least on the basis of the estimated performance indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a method for a terminal transceiving signals through direct device-to-device communication in a wireless communication system. More specifically, the method comprises the steps of: receiving, from a specific node, a synchronization signal including a designated indicator; selecting, an SA resource for transmitting an SA signal, from a scheduling assignment (SA) resource pool which corresponds to the designated indicator; and transmitting the SA signal using the selected SA resource, wherein the SA resource pool is independently configured for each value of the designated indicator.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a femtocell device and method at a femtocell device comprising a first interface for communicating to a macrocell and a second interface for communicating to a broadband network, the method comprising the steps of, when communication to the broadband network is inactive, receiving a paging message from the macrocell destined to a mobile device connected to the femtocell device, and notifying the mobile device to redirect to the macrocell.

Abstract: A headset system comprising a headset and a base station. Each of said headset and base station comprises a transceiver configured to transmit radio signals between said headset and said base station according to a first wireless communication protocol, and each of said headset and base station further comprises a transceiver configured to transmit radio signals between said headset and said base station according to a second wireless communication protocol. At least one of said headset and said base station further comprises selecting means, such as a protocol selector configured to select one of said first and second wireless communication protocols for transmission of radio signals between said headset and said base station. The protocol selector is adapted to select the first wireless communication protocol for transmission of voice communication and the second wireless communication protocol for transmission of media content.

Abstract: A communication apparatus, which is connectable with a plurality of networks including a first network and a second network of a type different from the first network, is provided. The communication apparatus detects an operation by user for setting communication parameters for connecting to a network, and provides, if detecting the operation while connecting with another first communication apparatus via the first network, another second communication apparatus with communication parameters for communication via the second network.

Abstract: A communication device may be provided. The communication device may include a first communication circuit configured to perform a first communication activity; a second communication circuit configured to perform a second communication activity; a priority weight determination circuit configured to determine a first priority weight based on an activity history of the first communication circuit and configured to determine a second priority weight based on an activity history of the second communication circuit; and a resource distribution circuit configured to determine based on the first priority weight and based on the second priority weight whether the first communication circuit shall perform the first communication activity at a pre-determined point in time or whether the second communication circuit shall perform the second communication activity at the pre-determined point in time.

Abstract: A mobile device may include a Short Range radio communication subsystem and a Cellular Wide Area radio communication subsystem. The Short Range radio communication master subsystem may include a processing circuit configured to identify a first plurality of channels, assign a blocking priority to one or more of the first plurality of channels, identify a second plurality of channels occupied by the Cellular Wide Area radio communication subsystem, and select a third plurality of channels from the first plurality of channels based on the blocking priority of the first plurality of channels and the frequency distance between each of the first plurality of channels and each of the second plurality of channels, and a radio transceiver configured to apply the third plurality of channels to transmit or receive data on a Short Range radio communication network.

Abstract: A wireless communication network may provide services, e.g., multimedia services, in unicast and broadcast modes, and the mode of providing a service may depend on a level of demand. In response to changing demand for a service the network may determine that service should transition from one mode to the other, and the network, may signal such a transition to one or more terminals subscribing to the service.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of selecting Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) in a manual PLMN selection mode are provided. The method includes selecting a PLMN as a network that the terminal will be attached to in a manual PLMN selection mode, storing the selected PLMN in a user selection PLMN list, and selecting, when the terminal attempts recovery to receive normal services in a limited service state, a PLMN to be attached to a network based on at least one PLMN included in the stored user selection PLMN list.

Abstract: Embodiments include apparatuses, methods, and systems to reduce handover latency in an integrated wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless cellular network. In embodiments, a user equipment (UE) may communicate with a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) via the WLAN and/or the wireless cellular network. Various embodiments may provide monitoring circuitry to monitor one or more PDN connections between the P-GW and the UE over the WLAN, determine that the UE should be in a radio resource control (RRC)-Connected mode based on the monitored one or more PDN connections, and transmit an inactivity timer reconfiguration (ITR) message to request suspension of an inactivity timer associated with the UE. The monitoring circuitry may be included in the P-GW, a WLAN gateway, the UE, and/or another component of the network.

Abstract: A wireless communication device first and second transceivers to transmit in respective first and second frequency bands. The device includes an arbiter to map the first frequency band into a plurality of regions and sub-regions and map a plurality of channels to the sub-regions, and a first controller to select one of the plurality of sub-regions and inform the arbiter of the selected one of the plurality of sub-regions. The arbiter is further to select a first group of channels in the second frequency band when the selected one of the plurality of sub-regions is a first sub-region, select a second group of channels in the second frequency band when the selected one of the plurality of sub-regions is a second sub-region, and select a third group of channels in the second frequency band when the selected one of the plurality of sub-regions is a third sub-region.

Abstract: A multi-mode wireless terminal, which includes a path of a first wireless communications standard and a path of a second wireless communications standard; the path of the first wireless communications standard includes a first antenna module, a first transceiver module and a first baseband module, where the first antenna module connects to the first transceiver module, and the first transceiver module connects to the first baseband module; the path of the second wireless communications standard includes a second antenna module, a second transceiver module and a second baseband module, where the second antenna module connects to the second transceiver module, and the second transceiver module connects to the second baseband module; the second transceiver module connects to the first baseband module; the second antenna module and the second transceiver module serve as a diversity receive path of the first wireless communications standard when at an idle timeslot.

Abstract: A set of services is from a multimedia network to a multi-mode mobile station that is able to operate over a packet-switched access network and a circuit-switched access network. Packet-switched call control messages are communicated between a node in the multimedia network and the multi-mode mobile station through the packet-switched access network when the multi-mode mobile station is attached to the packet-switched access network, where the packet-switched call control messages communicated through the packet-switched access network are used to provide the set of services. Packet-switched call control messages are communicated between the node in the multimedia network and the multi-mode mobile station through the circuit-switched access network when the multi-mode mobile station is attached to the circuit-switched access network, where the packet-switched call control messages communicated through the circuit-switched access network are used to provide the set of services.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for flexible adjustment of the uplink-downlink ratio configuration for each enhanced node B (eNodeB) within a wireless communications network is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a given eNodeB is configured to determine a current or subsequent uplink-downlink ratio configuration for a pre-determined time period. The determined current or subsequent uplink-downlink ratio configuration is encoded into a special physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), the special PDCCH included in at least one radio frame according to the pre-determined time period. The radio frame including the special PDCCH is transmitted to user equipment served by the given eNodeB.

Abstract: Communication systems and methods are presented for aggregating sites when connectivity to a core and zone controller therein is lost. A local controller provides multicast control to sub-sites within a locally aggregated network after detecting loss of connectivity to the core. The local controller assigns different multicast addresses than multicast addresses assigned by the zone controller. A sparse and dense mode protocol is used for multicast traffic outside and within the locally aggregated network, respectively. Conventional resources, but not trunked resources, are assigned addresses and groups. An isolated site is able to connect to the network in the event of core failure so that conventional multicast traffic traverses a direct link between each isolated site and the network, thereby extending the locally aggregated network. Multicast addresses available to be assigned by a local controller within any locally aggregated networks can be the same as those assigned by other local controllers.

Abstract: A hybrid wireless client apparatus including: a hybrid client controller, at least one antenna, and a plurality of shared and discrete components coupled to one another to form at least one transmit and receive chain each coupled to the at least one antenna for orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) wireless communications with a wireless access point (WAP). The hybrid client controller is coupled to the plurality of shared and discrete components and configured to determine an eligibility of at least one neighboring wireless client node on a wireless local area network (WLAN) as a relay target, and responsive to an affirmative eligibility determination to initiate on the hybrid wireless client apparatus both local communications with the WAP together with a relay of distinct communications between the WAP and the at least one neighboring wireless client node as the relay target.

Abstract: Described herein is an adapter that can facilitate communications between a bi-polar serial communications port of a network device and a mobile device that communicates wirelessly. The adapter can include circuitry configured to communicate and receive wireless signals to and from the mobile device over air at least at 1 Mbit/s. Such circuitry can also be configured to consume at most 0.5 W and convert a wireless signal into a unipolar signal, and vice versa. The adapter can also include an energy storage component configured to store energy from a bi-polar serial signal received from the port. The adapter can also include circuitry, configured to receive the stored electrical energy and convert a unipolar signal to a bi-polar serial signal compatible with the port using the received energy. The adapter can also include circuitry configured to convert a bipolar signal to a unipolar signal.

Abstract: A method and system for processing logos includes a listing system assigning a logo address for a logo data file, storing the logo data file in a file server so that the logo data file is accessible by the logo address and storing the logo address in a database. The system includes a program guide module and a user device communicating a logo request signal to the program guide module. The program guide module communicates a logo return data signal including the logo address to the user device. The user device retrieves the logo graphics file from the file server using the logo address and displays a logo corresponding to the logo data file on a display associated therewith.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mitigating in-device interference are described. The methods may include an in-device interference event (e.g. an interference situation), and the processing of events may depend on the priority of the technologies. A handover to another frequency or radio access technology (RAT) may occur in case a co-existing technology may be activated. The network may signal to the device a list of frequencies or RATs that it may be allowed to measure and handoff to. A network may provide a scaling value that the device may use to speed up reaction to the interference. The device may apply a scaling factor to an “out of synch’ counter and/or the radio link failure (RLF) timer used for the RLF procedure. The device may apply different scaling factors for the measurements and time to trigger events. The device may trigger a report to the network requesting gaps for an alternate RAT.

Abstract: An add-on communication device attached to a cable-mounted charging control device integrated with a cable assembly for charging an electric vehicle includes a control unit and a plurality of communication modules for communicating with a terminal device. The control unit determines a first communication module for transmitting a message, from among the plurality of communication modules. The control unit determines a second communication module for retransmitting the message, from among the plurality of communication modules excepting the first communication module, when reception of an acknowledgement message indicating normal reception of the message by the terminal device is abnormal.

Abstract: A mobile telephone gateway and communication routing device (MPG) (121) disclosed by the present invention is coupled through an electrical signaling transmission medium with a mobile telephone (100) operative on a first communication network in accordance with a first communication protocol, for adding communication capabilities through at least a second communication network in accordance with a second communication protocol. A mobile communication system (150) is disclosed, comprising MPG (121) placed in-between mobile phone (100) and battery (118) and Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card (117). MPG connects to the SIM interface of mobile phone (100), using which it wraps SIM functionalities and controls call management. It connects to the data/signaling interface of mobile phone (100), using which it communicates with it, while communication with the second network using another communication means.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to allow a plurality of access networks to be utilized in a coordinated manner in accordance with the routing policies defined by the network operator as well as other routing information including, for example, IETF routing and router information. In the context of a method, information, such as ANDSF information, defining the routing policies of the network operator may be received from a mobile terminal. The method also includes at least a portion of the information defining one or more routing policies of the network operator within an IP connectivity stack along with other routing information that is not based on the routing policies of the network operator. And, the method considers both the one or more routing policies defined by the network operator and the other routing information in determining utilization of a plurality of access networks.

Abstract: A system for dynamic pairing between a first peripheral, which can dialogue with a memory card, and a second peripheral, which is connected to a computer. The first peripheral is configured to read the data contained in the memory card, to receive via a first communication channel a first item of information emitted by the second peripheral, and to emit via a second communication channel a second item of information. The second peripheral is configured to emit via the first communication channel the first item of information and to receive via the second communication channel the second item of information. The value of this second item of information conditions the authorization to open a bidirectional communication channel between the first and the second peripherals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna splitting method in an active antenna system and a controller, where the method includes: when load of an active antenna system AAS cell is greater than or equal to a load threshold, if a cell in an optimized area is not overloaded, load of a first cell is less than the load of the AAS cell, and load of a second cell is less than the load of the AAS cell, acquiring a first antenna parameter combination corresponding to a maximum capacity of the optimized area; and splitting an AAS antenna according to the first antenna parameter combination. The antenna splitting method in an active antenna system and the controller according to embodiments of the present invention can effectively reduce the load of a heavily loaded AAS cell, and effectively increase a capacity of the optimized area.

Abstract: A mobile device may include an authenticator and a processor. The authenticator may generate an authorization request with a secure token to access a server. The processor may access the server using an authorization token, if the authenticator receives the authorization token in response to the authorization request. The authenticator may embed the authorization request with a plurality of parameters to allow the server to determine, based upon at least one of the plurality of parameters, if the authorization token should be given to the mobile device.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for dynamically changing between contexts running simultaneously on a single communication device, such as a mobile communication device. More particularly, each context can be run as a virtual machine on the same communication device and context-related parameters can be used to determine which context or combination of contexts should be applied at a particular time.

Abstract: A scheduling method, including: listening to, by a station, a first beacon frame containing a DTIM message used for indicating a beacon interval allocated for each group of stations within a current scheduling period; determining the beacon interval allocated for the station within the current scheduling period according to the DTIM message contained in the first beacon frame; listening to, by the station, within the beacon interval allocated for the station, a second beacon frame containing scheduling information of the current beacon interval used for indicating a time period allocated to each group of stations for data transmission within the current beacon interval; when data transmission is required, transmitting, by the station, data within the time period allocated to the group of the station according to indication of the scheduling information. The present invention improves utilization of time periods, saves time resources and enhances transmission efficiency.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication interfacing unit, a display unit, and a processor. The processor operable to perform operations includes controlling the display unit to display a user interface; controlling the display unit to display a first icon on the user interface, in which the first icon indicates a first strength of a first signal of a radio access technology (RAT) received by the communication interfacing unit; and controlling the display unit to display a second icon on the user interface corresponding to a second strength of a second signal of the RAT received by the communication interfacing unit, in which the first signal and the second signal are transmitted by different devices.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes first communication means for performing a wireless communication with another communication apparatus in a first communication method, second communication means for performing the wireless communication with another communication apparatus in a second communication method that is different from the first communication method, and sending means for sending a request message for requesting, by using the first communication means, a connection parameter for connecting to another communication apparatus via the second communication means, the request message including information about a communication service executable by the communication apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to provide packet switched service continuity during circuit switched fallback operation are described. One example method includes determining that a target system does not support packet switched handover; determining if non-3GPP access for packet switched service is available; and triggering handover to the non-3GPP access.