Abstract: A system to detect obstacles includes a power beam transmission circuit, a power beam reception circuit arranged to receive a power beam from the power beam transmission circuit, an emitter module, and a detector module arranged to distinguish between a first characteristic and a second characteristic. The emitter module includes a first emitter arranged to emit a first signal having the first characteristic, the first signal emitted in proximity to the power beam, and a second emitter arranged to emit a second signal having the second characteristic, the second characteristic different from the first characteristic, the second signal emitted in proximity to the first signal. The detector module includes a first detector arranged to respond to the first signal emitted by the first emitter, wherein the detector module is arranged to determine when an obstacle is in or near a line-of-sight transmission path between the first emitter and the first detector.

Abstract: A beam tracking method for mmWave communication method is disclosed. An angle estimation algorithm is performed on all user equipments (UEs) through a low-frequency band to estimate beam angles of the UEs relative to the electronic device. High-frequency band beams of the UEs relative to the electronic device are generated according to the estimated beam angles. The electronic device is enabled to communicate with the UEs according to the generated high-frequency band beams.

Abstract: An extensible communication system is described herein. The system includes a first module for receiving a root index value and for generating a constant amplitude zero auto-correlation sequence based on the root value. The system further includes a second module for receiving a seed value and for generating a Pseudo-Noise sequence based on the seed value. The system further includes a third module for modulating the constant amplitude zero auto-correlation sequence by the Pseudo-Noise sequence and for generating a complex sequence. The system further includes a fourth module for translating the complex sequence to a time domain sequence, wherein the fourth module applies a cyclic shift to the time domain sequence to obtain a shifted time domain sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed are a serial communication apparatus and a serial communication method. The serial communication apparatus comprises a radio frequency front-end module and a radio frequency device, a first input interface and a second input interface of the radio frequency front-end module being correspondingly connected to output interfaces of a main control module, a first output interface of the radio frequency front-end module being connected to a first input interface of the at least one radio frequency device via a first signal bus, a second output interface of the radio frequency front-end module being connected to a second input interface of the at least one radio frequency device via a second signal bus. The present invention satisfies requirements for convenient and rapid unidirectional communication between various chips of the radio frequency front-end module and inside the chips, reduces communication complexity, and increases transmission efficiency.

Abstract: A system for producing a for digitally producing amplifier drive signals for high power transmission includes signal generators to produce, based on the desired transmit frequency and modulation, a high digital pulse, low digital pulse, or no digital pulse of the desired pulse width and phase relationship. The drive signal is a three-level signal, having states of “1”, “0”, and “?1”. A drive signal will direct the amplifier to output either its high voltage rail, 0 volts, or its low voltage rail. Multiple signal sets may be used to independently generate pulses based on differently phase shifted signals. These multiple drive signals can be used to drive multiple amplifiers, whose combined output produces a stair-step approximation to the desired transmit signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a field plate on an insulating film covering a transistor, the field plate being electrically coupled to a gate of the transistor via the insulating film, and the transistor being located on a substrate, a silicon nitride protective film covering the insulating film and the field plate, a silicon oxide base film on the silicon nitride protective film, and a MIM capacitor on the silicon oxide base film. The MIM capacitor includes a first electrode, a dielectric film and a second electrode which are stacked in an order. The MIM capacitor is formed by performing wet etching on the silicon oxide base film on the field plate after the dielectric film is formed.

Abstract: An uplink multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) transmitter apparatus using transmit diversity uses transmit diversity signals that are modified to create intermediate orthogonal signals. A transceiver circuit in the transmitter apparatus includes a sigma-delta circuit that creates a summed (sigma) signal and a difference (delta) signal from the intermediate orthogonal signals. These new sigma and delta signals are amplified by power amplifiers to a desired output level before having two signals reconstructed from the amplified sigma and amplified delta signals by a second circuit. These reconstructed signals correspond to the two original transmit diversity signals but are at a desired amplified level relative to the two original signals. The reconstructed signals are then transmitted through respective antennas as uplink signals.

Abstract: A method for information transmission, a terminal device and a chip are provided. The method includes: a terminal device sends a first message to a network device, here, the first message includes a parameter for blind detection of a downlink control channel in a target resource region by the terminal device, and the parameter is configured to determine a maximum number of blind detections of the downlink control channel in the target resource region by the terminal device in a specified time.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus that performs beamforming with phase correction uses power detectors present between power amplifiers (PAs) and antennas are used to measure power amplitudes on at least two transmission paths. The sum and difference of these amplitudes are then evaluated to determine a phase difference therebetween. A phase of one signal contributing to the sum and difference may be modified until the sum and difference are the same. Based on an amount of phase modification, a correction signal may be sent to a beamforming circuit to provide phase correction during beamforming.

Abstract: In a method and system for determining an optimal MRI scan nesting manner, selectable nesting manners are determined according to a preset number of simulated scan slices; one nesting manner from all the selectable nesting manners is sequentially selected; based on the selected nesting manner, a simulated MRI scan is performed using a preset pulse sequence, and a longitudinal magnetization strength after relaxation of each slice when scanning ends is calculated; when all nesting manners have been selected, based on the longitudinal magnetization strength after relaxation of each slice when scanning ends corresponding to each nesting manner, a nesting manner for which the longitudinal magnetization strength after relaxation is smoothest is selected, and the nesting manner is used as an optimal nesting manner for performing an MRI scan of the tissue.

Abstract: A method for information transmission, a terminal device and a chip are provided. The method includes: a terminal device sends a first message to a network device, here, the first message includes a parameter for blind detection of a downlink control channel in a target resource region by the terminal device, and the parameter is configured to determine a maximum number of blind detections of the downlink control channel in the target resource region by the terminal device in a specified time.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes an in-phase modulator configured to modulate an in-phase component of an input signal, a quadrature modulator configured to modulate a quadrature component of the input signal, and a processor configured to process the in-phase and quadrature components. The processor includes a clock configured to produce a clock signal, a pulse processor configured to remove non-essential information from the modulated in-phase and quadrature components, and a pulse converter configured to select an amplifier class and output a control signal based on the selected amplifier class. A switching network is also included and configured to actuate one or more switches based on the control signal to output an amplified signal.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for beam width adjustment. A method is performed by a radio transceiver device. The method comprises communicating, using a current beam, with another radio transceiver device. The method comprises obtaining a signal strength indicator and a transmission rank of the current beam. The method comprises determining an adjustment indicator for adjusting beam width of the current beam for continued communications with said another radio transceiver device. The adjustment indicator is based on the signal strength indicator and the 0 transmission rank. The method comprises initiating adjustment of the beam width according to the adjustment indicator.

Abstract: Techniques are described for millimeter wave wireless communication. One method includes configuring a synchronization slot associated with a plurality of synchronization blocks, configuring a transmission of each synchronization block of the plurality of synchronization blocks based on the configured synchronization slot, assigning a synchronization region to a first frequency portion associated with a transmission beam of each synchronization block, assigning at least one of a data region or a control region to a second frequency portion associated with the transmission beam of each synchronization block, and transmitting a synchronization signal during the synchronization region and transmitting at least one of data signal during the data region or control information during the control region to a wireless node.

Abstract: Methods and devices for antenna switching are provided. A wireless signal is transmitted and received through a specific antenna module among a plurality of antenna modules. Status information about each of one or more other antenna modules among the plurality of antenna modules is acquired, when a temperature of the specific antenna module exceeds a predetermined value. The temperature of the specific antenna module is measured through a respective sensor module of a plurality of sensor modules. Each sensor module of the plurality of sensor modules is contained in or disposed adjacent to a respective antenna module of the plurality of antenna modules. The specific antenna module is switched to an antenna module selected from among the one or more other antenna modules, based on the acquired status information.

Abstract: A derivative receiver includes a differentiator configured to differentiate an input signal; a comparator configured to produce a comparison signal by comparing a derivative signal produced using an output from the differentiator with a threshold voltage; and a pattern detecting equalizer configured to output a data signal by sampling an equalization signal generated by adjusting a level of the comparison signal. The level of the comparison signal is adjusted according to a past value of the data signal.

Abstract: A high-frequency module (10) includes a filter unit (20) including a plurality of filters, a switch unit (30) that is connected to the filter unit (20) and that includes a switch configured to switch filters through which a high-frequency signal passes among the plurality of filters, an amplifying unit (50) configured to amplify the high-frequency signal passing through the filter unit (20), a matching unit (40) that is connected between the filter unit (20) and the amplifying unit (50) and that is configured to perform impedance matching of the amplifying unit (50), and a multilayer substrate (100) provided with the filter unit (20), the switch unit (30), the amplifying unit (50), and the matching unit (40).

Abstract: A transmission unit includes: a power amplification module that amplifies the power of an input signal and outputs an amplified signal; and a power supply module that supplies a power supply voltage to the power amplification module on the basis of a first control signal corresponding to the band width of the input signal. On the basis of the first control signal, the power supply module varies the power supply voltage in accordance with the amplitude level of the input signal in the case where the band width of the input signal is a first band width and varies the power supply voltage in accordance with the average output power of the power amplification module in the case where the band width of the input signal is a second band width that is larger than the first band width.

Abstract: An eNB (or other base station) comprising one or more processors may generate a plurality of channel status activation indicators. The eNB's processors may encode the plurality of indicators into a Downlink Control Information (DCI) codeword, may scramble the cyclic redundancy check bits of the DCI with a predetermined sequence, and may generate the DCI codeword to the UE as part of a DCI transmission on a physical control channel. A UE (or other mobile handset) comprising one or more processors may process a DCI transmission from the eNB, the DCI transmission including a DCI codeword. The UE's processors may decode a plurality of channel status activation indicators from the DCI codeword, may check if the cyclic redundancy bits of the DCI are scrambled with a predetermined sequence, and may trigger a plurality of physical layer activation-and-deactivation circuitries based on the plurality of channel status activation indicators.

Abstract: A radio terminal according to one embodiment comprises a controller configured to perform radio communication in a time division duplex system, with a base station. The controller is configured to receive a downlink radio signal from the base station; and transmit to the base station, response information indicating whether reception of the downlink radio signal is successful, wherein the response information is transmitted by using an uplink radio resource different from an uplink control channel resource even if the uplink radio resource is not allocated for data transmission from the base station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to generation of radio frequency signals by digital components. In particular, data for specifying a baseband signal are generated at a centralized processing device, and the data relating to the baseband signal are transmitted to radio frequency transmitters via a digital network. The radio-frequency transmitters digitally generate radio-frequency signals based on the data obtained via the digital network, and the generated radio frequency signals are provided to a connector or an antenna.

Abstract: A supply modulator, a modulated power supply circuit, and associated control method are provided. The modulated power supply circuit includes the supply modulator and a DC-DC voltage converter, and the supply modulator includes a linear amplifier and a switching converter. The linear amplifier generates an AC component of a modulated voltage according to a regulated voltage and an envelope tracking signal. The supply voltage is converted to the regulated voltage by the DC-DC voltage converter, and the regulated voltage is greater than or less than the supply voltage. The switching converter includes a step-down circuit and a path selection circuit. The path selection circuit selects one of the supply voltage and the regulated voltage as a DC input voltage. The step-down circuit converts the DC input voltage to a DC component of the modulated voltage which is less than the DC input voltage.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The method may include identifying phase information generated from modulation information, mapping the phase information by mapping a second phase point located in a second quadrant to a first phase point of a first quadrant, where the first phase point may be associated with a phase trajectory of the phase information, synthesizing the mapped phase information associated with the phase trajectory based on mapping the phase information, rotating the phase trajectory based on a phase-plane rotation value associated with mapping the phase information, and generating a modulated signal associated with a carrier frequency based on mapping the phase information and rotating the phase trajectory.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for reduction of noise and nonlinear-echo. A methodology implementing the techniques according to an embodiment includes estimating transfer functions (TFs) of echo paths of audio signals received through a microphone array. The audio signals include speech signal, additive noise, and echo, the TF estimation based on the reference signal. The method also includes cancellation of linear components of the echo, based on the echo path TFs. The method further includes estimating an inverse square root of a covariance matrix of the additive noise, whitening the echo cancelled signals, and estimating a speech path RTF associated with the speech signal, based on the whitened echo cancelled signals. The method further includes performing beamforming on the whitened signals (such as weighted MVDR beamforming), based on the echo path TFs, the speech path RTF, and the estimated inverse square root additive noise covariance matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for accessing a broadcast service by a user equipment, the user equipment accessing a mobile network providing services carried on at least a first frequency carrier: —detecting at least one system information block within a downlink signal issued by the mobile network on the first frequency carrier, the system information block including cross-carrier signaling information indicating a resource location corresponding to a broadcast service provided by a non-unicast network on a second frequency carrier being disjoint from the first frequency carrier; —obtaining on-carrier signaling information related to at least a first broadcast service provided by the non-unicast network on the second frequency carrier, based on the resource location indicated in the system information block; and —accessing the first broadcast service based on the on-carrier signaling information.

Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

Abstract: The invention provides for a system (200) for generation of a radio frequency, RF, excitation signal for excitation of nuclei via an RF excitation coil (114) in a magnetic resonance system (100). The system comprises power generation units (203-206) each comprising a synthesizer (211-214), an RF amplifier (231-234), and a first feedback loop (251-254) unit adapted to configure the synthesizer to generate an RF signal which after amplification by the RF amplifier has a predefined first signal characteristic and a combiner (261) adapted for combining the RF signals amplified by the RF amplifiers for obtaining the RF excitation signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration method and apparatus. A user equipment (UE) receives correspondence indication information sent by a base station. Additionally, the UE determines, according to a currently-used correspondence, a PUCCH used to send uplink feedback information of a second cell.

Abstract: A power transmission system includes: a power transmitter connected to a power supply; a plurality of power receivers respectively connected to a plurality of loads; a power transmission line connecting the power transmitter and the plurality of power receivers; and a controller. The controller acquires information on optimum power for maximizing transmission efficiency in the power transmission line and information on power demands requested by the loads, and routes transmission power from the power transmitter selectively to the plurality of power receivers. The transmission power is equal to or smaller than the optimum power. When a total power demand is larger than the optimum power, the controller requests another controller to supply supplementary power. When the total power demand is smaller than the optimum power, the controller notifies the other controller that surplus power is available.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a system and method. An antenna is configured to implement at least two selectable radiative electromagnetic field spatial distributions. Each selectable radiative electromagnetic field spatial distributions respectively has a bounding surface that describes a specified power density in the radiative electromagnetic field. A sensor circuit is configured to detect a presence of an object within the bounding surface of an implemented radiative electromagnetic field. A countermeasure circuit is configured to select a response to the detected presence of the object within the bounding surface of the implemented radiative electromagnetic field.

Abstract: WTRU-Centric Transmission is disclosed. A WTRU may communicate using a set of WTRU-specific cell IDs (WCIDs). A WTRU may be configured with a WCID and/or set of WCIDs, for example, by a serving cell and/or eNB and/or by autonomous selection. A WTRU may be configured with and/or may use one or more WCIDs, for example, based on a resource, channel, subband, time, subframe, signal type, transmission type, function (e.g. sequence generation), service type, etc. A WTRU may indicate its presence by transmitting a WTRU presence indicator, e.g., to enable a network to send appropriate transmissions using one or more WTRU WCIDs. Resources for measurements and/or reporting, e.g., for channel state information (CSI) processes, may be dynamically controlled. A WTRU may be dynamically reconfigured (e.g. without radio resource control (RRC) transmissions) to adapt WTRU-centric communication to changing sets of cooperating transmission points.

Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

Abstract: The circuit includes a transformer having a first primary coil coupled to a first power amplifier (PA), a second primary coil coupled to a second PA, and a secondary coil. The secondary coil supplies a current to an antenna based on a first direction of a first phase of a first amplified constant-envelope signal in the first primary coil with respect to a second phase of a second amplified constant-envelope signal in the second primary coil. A first load impedance is associated with the first PA and a second load impedance is associated with the second PA. The first load impedance and the second load impedance receive currents from the first PA and second PA, respectively, based on a second direction of the first phase of the first amplified constant-envelope signal with respect to the second phase of the second amplified constant-envelope signal.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from optimized transmissions. A method can include receiving data to be forwarded to a first wireless device. The method can also include determining the data as delay tolerant data. Moreover, the method can include defining a role of at least one second wireless device for forwarding the delay tolerant data. Also, the method can include transmitting the delay tolerant data to the second wireless device to be forwarded to the first wireless device.

Abstract: A method of forming a mixed mode response from a single ended mode input includes modeling a first voltage controlled current source based on relative values of a vpositive input signal and a vnegative input signal and modeling a second voltage controlled current source based on relative values of the vpositive input signal and the vnegative input signal. A method of forming a single ended mode response from a mixed mode input modeling a first voltage controlled current source based on relative values of a vDIFFin input signal and a vCOMMin input signal and modeling a second voltage controlled current source based on relative values of the vDIFFin input signal and the vCOMMin input signal, the second voltage controlled being connected to ground through a second terminating impedance that is equal to the reference impedance (Z0).

Abstract: There is provided embodiments relating to scheduling in mobile communications systems, and particularly to scheduling of delay tolerant data in mobile communications systems. A scheduling request relating to conditional data transfer of delay tolerant data is received. The delay tolerant data is scheduled for transmission such that the delay tolerant data is to be transmitted in conjunction with data already scheduled for transmission and utilizing available transmission resources non-utilized for transmission of the data already scheduled for transmission.

Abstract: Provided are a communication method of a terminal in a wireless communication system and the terminal using the method. The method comprises: receiving a cell state signal from a small cell; and communicating with the small cell on the basis of the cell state signal, wherein the cell state signal includes information indicating the switching of the small cell to an off-state.

Abstract: A power amplifier, a radio remote unit (RRU), and a base station, where the power amplifier includes an envelope controller, a main power amplifier, and an auxiliary power amplifier. The main power amplifier and the auxiliary power amplifier both set an envelope voltage output by the envelope modulator as operating voltages, and because the operating voltages of the main power amplifier and the auxiliary power amplifier may be adjusted simultaneously, symmetry of the power amplifier is improved, and an efficiency loss occurring probability is low, thereby enhancing efficiency of the power amplifier.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and disclose a carrier status indication method and a device, which can reduce a delay of indicating an activated state or a deactivated state of a carrier, and improve efficiency of indicating the activated state or deactivated state of the carrier. A specific solution is as follows: determining, by a base station, a carrier status of a carrier, where the carrier status is an activated state or a deactivated state; indicating first carrier information to user equipment by using a downlink physical control channel, where the first carrier information includes the carrier status of the carrier, and the first carrier information is used to enable the user equipment to perform communication on the carrier according to the carrier status. The present invention is applied in a carrier switching process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for same, and comprises a step of receiving, via a physical downlink control channel, downlink control information including scheduling information for a K number of subframes, wherein K is bigger than 1, the scheduling information is not applied to at least one subframe when the at least one subframe from among the K number of subframes is a special subframe, and wherein the special subframe is at least a subframe configured to a multicast-broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN), a subframe configured to receive a physical multicast channel (PMCH), a subframe configured so that a positioning reference signal (PRS) is transmitted, or a subframe including a downlink section, a protection section, and an uplink section.

Abstract: A method for inductively coupled communications is described. The method includes applying a high loaded quality factor to a matching network of an active transmitter during an amplitude modulation (AM) high state. The method also includes switching to a low loaded quality factor for the matching network during an AM low state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving and transmitting downlink control information in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method for receiving a downlink control signal by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes: receiving an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) from a downlink serving base station (BS); and monitoring a plurality of EPDCCH candidates in an EPDCCH set contained in the received EPDCCH, wherein a minimum aggregation level (AL) of the EPDCCH candidates is associated with a downlink (DL) bandwidth of the wireless communication system and downlink control information (DCI) format.

Abstract: A method implemented in a mobile communications system is disclosed. The method includes selecting primary component carrier cp for a new user according to a formula, and performing joint secondary CC selection for one or more Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced users and resource scheduling for one or more LTE users and said one or more LTE-Advanced users. Other methods, systems, and apparatuses also are disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multi-stage amplifier comprising: a first amplifier stage; a second amplifier stage; a first voltage supply stage arranged to provide a supply voltage to the first amplifier in dependence on an average power of a signal to be amplified; and a second voltage supply stage arranged to provide a supply voltage to the second amplifier in dependence on an instantaneous power of a signal to be amplified.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of mobile terminal internal communications, which belongs to the field of mobile communications. The method comprises: a control signal channel is connected within an application processor module and a baseband processor module, and the control signal channel is composed of a first signal channel, a second signal channel and a feedback channel. A first request signal is sent from the application processor module to the baseband processor module via the first signal channel, and then a feedback is sent from the baseband processor module to the application processor module via the feedback channel. After the feedback is sent to the application processor module, the application processor module starts to send data to the baseband processor module. A second request signal is sent from the baseband processor module to the application processor module, and then the baseband processor module starts to send data to the application processor module.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a transceiver system having a bypass signal path that enables low power consumption. The transceiver system has a plurality of signal paths respectively having a filtering element with a stop band and with a pass band. An antenna switching module (ASM) has a plurality of RF ports and a plurality of switching elements. Respective RF ports are connected to a separate one of the plurality of switching elements that selectively connect the RF port to an antenna port of the ASM. A control unit generates control signals that operate the plurality of switching elements to selectively connect the plurality of signal paths to the antenna port. A filtering response at the antenna port is equal to a combination of the filtering responses of filtering elements within the connected signal paths.

Abstract: A RF transmitter includes a power amplifier that generates a transmit signal modulated with outbound data for transmission to a remote communication device via an antenna section. A supply voltage to power the power amplifier is adjusted based on an average power tracking signal. A reflected power from the antenna section is measured. The average power tracking signal is adjusted based on the reflected power to compensate for the changes in impedance of the antenna section and to maintain a desired linearity.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems and methods for producing an envelope tracking (ET) PA supply voltage with minimum headroom relative to the desired RF output signal of the PA. In an embodiment, the PA supply voltage is generated by applying an ET signal to an ET path of the wireless device, and by further applying pre-emphasis to the ET signal to compensate for a frequency response of the ET path. Embodiments operate by estimating the frequency response of the ET path and determining the pre-emphasis based on the estimate of the frequency response of the ET path. In embodiments, the pre-emphasis is applied using a pre-emphasis filter, which may be within or outside of the ET path. Further, the pre-emphasis may be applied to the ET signal in digital or analog form.

Abstract: Isolators are disposed such that DC magnetic fields of permanent magnets intensity with each other, and thus, the input impedance of non-reciprocal circuits 3a and 3b (regulating means 3) is reduced. Accordingly, the impedance conversion ratio between the output impedance of amplifying means 2 and the input impedance of the regulating means 3 is reduced to be relatively small. Thus, by simplifying the configuration of matching means 4 disposed between the amplifying means 2 and the regulating means 3, the insertion loss of the matching means 4 can be reduced, thereby enhancing the efficiency of a circuit module 1. Additionally, it is possible to dispose the non-reciprocal circuits 3a and 3b close to each other so that the DC magnetic fields of the permanent magnets can intensity with each other, thereby increasing the design flexibility of the circuit module 1 and accordingly reducing the size of the circuit module 1.

Abstract: One illustrative device disclosed herein includes, among other things, an active layer positioned above a layer of insulating material, a fin positioned above the active layer, a gate insulation layer positioned on the active layer and on the fin, a conductive gate structure that is positioned around at least a portion of the fin and above at least a portion of the active layer, wherein the conductive gate structure comprises at least one work function adjusting metal layer positioned on the gate insulation layer, a first channel region defined in the fin under the conductive gate structure, and a second channel region defined in the active layer under the conductive gate structure.