Abstract: The present invention provides a ball measuring apparatus capable of measuring a trajectory of a ball from a hitting position to a landing position, the landing position and a stop position. A ball measuring apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment includes a first millimeter wave radar device 1 capable of carrying out a measurement from the hitting position to a predetermined position of the trajectory and having at least one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas, and a second millimeter wave radar device 2 capable of measuring the stop position and having at least one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas. A ball measuring apparatus 101 according to a second embodiment has a millimeter wave radar device 31 and a CCD camera 32.

Abstract: Electro-optical measurement of distance and motion parameters of a target is obtained with high resolution by employing matched comparators for obtaining differences in arrival times of transmit and receive pulses, and by compensating for time delays introduced by system components.

Abstract: A flying sphere is photographed twice at a predetermined time interval and two static images thus obtained are used to measure a rotation of the sphere through an image processing based on a recognition mark of a surface of the sphere. The recognition mark includes a central mark having a directivity and a rotating angle calculating mark provided to surround the central mark. The central mark includes a rectangle and a circle provided apart from the rectangle adjacent to one of short sides of the rectangle. Three or more rotating angle calculating marks are provided. Respective center positions of the rotating angle calculating marks are present in a region provided apart from a center position of the central mark by 13 mm to 17 mm.

Abstract: Reference points (M1 through M17) are specified in colors at two or more positions longitudinally spaced at a given interval on a golf club shaft (11a) and one or more positions selected from among a golfer's head and the like. A moving image of a golfer's swing is photographed by cameras (13-1, 13-2). The moving image of the swing is converted into a plurality of still images. The still images are stored in a computer (14). Evaluation items to be checked including a swing posture and a shaft angle in a range from an addressing state till an impact state are expressed by numeric values, based on coordinate data of each of the reference points (M1 through M17) disposed on a plurality of the still images. The data expressed by the numeric values are compared with judging data inputted to the computer (14) in advance as ideal values.

Abstract: In a golf simulation system, a setting plate for locating a golf ball is provided in a striking zone, and a setting plate adjusting means is provided below the setting plate. A control section calculates moved distance and stoppage position of golf ball based on the flying trace of golf ball sensed by the flying trace sensing means, and inputs signals reflecting the three-dimensional images of the golf course along the flying trace into the projector, so that the three-dimensional images are displayed on the projection screen. Also, the control section controls the setting plate adjusting means in accordance with the height and inclined angle of the stoppage position, so that the setting plate can be automatically adjusted to the height and inclined angle equal to those of the stoppage position. Therefore, a golfer can exercise golf in various inclined angles and topographical conditions like a real golf course.

Abstract: The ball detection apparatus is for detecting when a golf ball is hit off a golf tee of an automatic golf ball teeing machine. The detection apparatus comprises a radar device for producing a first signal in response to detecting movement of a golf club towards the tee, a directional microphone for producing a second signal in response to detecting the sound of a golf club striking a golf ball and monitoring means for detecting a coincidence between the first and second signals. An automatic golf ball teeing machine including such ball detection apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A swing measurement method of directly measuring a swing behavior without being influenced by flexure of an impact implement, such as a golf club or baseball bat is provided. In addition, a golf swing analysis method and computer program product having computer program code for a simple and effective model of the behavior of a grip portion during a golf swing is provided. A three dimensional magnetic sensor capable of measuring position and direction is fixed to a grip portion of the impact implement within magnetic fields in which the magnetic field distribution of intensity and direction are known, and the behavior of the swing is directly measured. In addition, the path of the grip portion is approximated as an arc within a swing plane using the three dimensional position coordinates of the grip portion obtained in this measurement, and thus an arm angle, a wrist angle, and an angle of shaft rotation are found.

Abstract: A golf ball locator system including a golf ball including an electromagnetic signal transmitter; at least two electromagnetic signal receivers configured to receive an electromagnetic signal transmitted by the golf ball; and a processor coupled to the receivers and configured to receive signals from the receivers, to determine a location of the golf ball using triangulation calculations, and to output at least one signal indicating the location of the golf ball in relation to a two-dimensional area including the location of the golf ball.

Abstract: In a method for assisting a golf player in tracking golf shots comprises, a video camera is operated at one point along a golf course fairway to generate a video signal encoding an image of a plurality of substantially stationary objects and of a target golf ball moving relative to the stationary objects. A computer is operated to process the video signal to detect the target golf ball, to automatically determine a path of motion of the target golf ball, and to modify at least a portion of the video signal to superimpose on a display of the stationary objects a curvilinear indication of the determined path of motion of the target golf ball. The camera is moved along the fairway toward the resting golf ball. The image displayed in modified to incorporate the changing view of the fairway, as well as a changed portion of the golf ball's path.

Abstract: A method of measuring rotational motion of a golf ball. A hit golf ball is photographed by use of two cameras disposed along the traveling direction of the golf ball with a predetermined distance therebetween, and rotational motion of the golf ball is measured based on the photographed images of the golf ball. There is used a golf ball that has a no-depression polygonal mark in black or a dark color close to black printed on the surface of the golf ball. The hit golf ball is photographed by use of two cameras, and the position of an angular point of the no-depression polygonal mark is detected from photographed images, by means of image processing. The rotational motion of the hit golf ball is calculated based on change in position of the angular point in images photographed by the two cameras.

Abstract: System and method that measures and displays information about the conditions of a moving object, in particular a sports object such as a golf ball. In particular, the device measures the speed and direction of movement, as well as spin rate and spin axis orientation of the object by analyzing the data generated by one or more continuous wave radar sensors.

Abstract: The invention provides a golf feedback system. A mat is used to determine player foot position, and a 3D golf tracking system tracks golf balls hit from the mat to determine (a) a ground ball track and (b) a player orientation axis, based on the foot position and relative to the mat. The system further determines information indicative of how well the ground ball track correlated to the orientation axis. Preferably, a golfer using the system is led through a plurality of pin target locations in a simulated golf game. The system evaluates and stores information such as slice and hook, accuracy, player orientation axis and ball carry distance such that the player can evaluate his/her game individually or against one or more other players.

Abstract: The method of transferring a sublimable dyestuff art image onto the curved outer surface of a billiard ball. The spherically shaped polyester billiard ball is initially molded with at least one recess having a first predetermined configuration formed in its curved outer surface. The first predetermined configuration would be either that of a heart or a spade such as found in a deck of cards and. the billiard ball would be made of material having a color that is not white. A plug made of styrene polyester resin heat cured material is then inserted into the recess. A plug would have the same first predetermined configuration. The surface of the plug must be receptive to sublimable dyestuff. The plug is then heat cured in the recess thereby providing a billiard with a substantially spherical outer surface. In the meantime a first lithographic art image has been formed on an auxiliary carrier web and the lithographic art image is made of sublimable dyestuff.

Abstract: A method of measuring rotational motion of a golf ball. A hit golf ball is photographed by use of two cameras disposed along the traveling direction of the golf ball with a predetermined distance therebetween, and rotational motion of the golf ball is measured based on the photographed images of the golf ball. There is used a golf ball that has a no-depression polygonal mark in black or a dark color close to black printed on the surface of the golf ball. The hit golf ball is photographed by use of two cameras, and the position of an angular point of the no-depression polygonal mark is detected from photographed images, by means of image processing. The rotational motion of the hit golf ball is calculated based on change in position of the angular point in images photographed by the two cameras.

Abstract: An optical sensor net system for measuring the relational dynamic information of a spheroidal projectile. A support frame for the system may include light emitters that generate divergent non-parallel rays of light. The non-parallel rays of light emitted may be directed to and received by a plurality of light detectors substantially arranged within a single plane. The intersecting non-parallel rays of light may form an asymmetrical optical sensor net that may also capture both golf ball and golf club information as they pass through. The light detectors that receive the rays of light may be spaced apart at preselected locations and distances less than the diameter of a spheroidal object such as a golf ball.

Abstract: An instrumented sports apparatus includes a closely spaced array of discrete sensor elements coupled to a contact surface thereof for converting a contact force between the contact surface and an object into a plurality of discrete output signals. The signals are processed and information based thereon generated, which is representative of one or more parameters of interest. In an exemplary embodiment, as instrumented golf club displays information such as club head speed, club head angle, and club head elevation upon impact with a golf ball, permitting the golfer to adjust his swing on the next stroke. Since the instrumentation and display are entirely self-contained in the club, a golfer is not constrained in the use of the club and may enjoy the benefits thereof during play on a golf course.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention scores a golf shot, such as a golf shot at a practice range, in order to provide a golfer with a meaningful index by which to measure their improvement and/or by which to compare their performance to the performance of other golfers at the practice range. The scoring method and apparatus determines the final position of the golf ball following the golf shot and generates a signal representative of the final position. The scoring method and apparatus also includes a signal processor for determining the score of the golf shot. The signal processor determines the score based upon a predetermined difficulty function and a dispersion distance between the final position of the golf ball and a predetermined target toward which the golf ball was driven.

Abstract: Light indication apparatus for baseball includes a first light source for emitting first coherent and intense light rays of a first color in a first direction and a second light source for emitting second coherent and intense light rays of a second color in a second direction. The first and second light rays intersect entirely within a preselected volume. A baseball can be identified by an observer of said first and second light rays as being substantially within said volume when said first and second light rays shine on said object simultaneously.

Abstract: A golf ball locator system. The golf ball comprises a transmitter that transmits a coded signal, identifying the ball, and that is received by an array of receivers. The receivers measure either the angle of arrival, or the time of arrival of the signal, which is transmitted to a processor that uses triangulation calculations to generate location coordinates of the golf ball. The processor then transmits the location coordinates to a display unit. The display unit can be portable and viewed by the golfer. The display unit can simply display golf ball position coordinates in relation to a pre-existing golf course map, or display the golf ball on a map which may include various landmarks of the golf course. The system can further include a player location device that allows the system to give audio or visual traveling instructions to assist the golfer to locate his/her ball.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of measuring the motion of a golf ball. The passing of a club head to hit a ball is detected by a sensor. A detection signal is sent from the sensor to a trigger section of a control unit. In response to the detection signal, shutter signals are sent from the trigger section to first and second cameras at a proper timing, while providing an appropriate time lag between the shutter signals, so as to photograph an image of the hit golf ball through the first and second cameras. The first and second cameras are disposed facing horizontally, apart from each other, and away from the set position of the ball at a predetermined distance. This method enables the motion of the golf ball to be measured even outdoors and through use of a relatively inexpensive apparatus.

Abstract: A system 20 for measuring the initial velocity vector of a ball 500 includes a first light sensing array 24, a first light source 28, a second light sensing array 30, and a second light source 32. The ball 500 has an initial position 22. When the ball 500 is struck, at time T1 it casts a first shadow position 36 on first light sensing array 24, and at time T2 it casts a second shadow position 42 on second light sensing array 30. A first plane 38 is formed by initial position 22, first light source 28, and first shadow position 36. A second plane 44 is formed by initial position 22, second light source 32, and second shadow position 42. The line of flight 37 of ball 500 is defined by the intersection of planes 38 and 44. A slant distance D.sub.s is determined, whereby the speed S.sub.b of ball 500 is defined as S.sub.b =D.sub.s /(T2-T1). The velocity vector is then S.sub.b in the direction of line of flight 37.

Abstract: A device for measuring the movement of a ball is a flat pad or a frame defining an opening with one or more magnetic field inducing elements mounted thereon. One or more sensor elements are mounted in the flat pad or the frame, and connected to instrumentation so as to record induced, time-varying current signals from disturbances in a magnetic field by the ball penetrating the field. The device may also be arranged so as to measure the spin characteristics and other vectors of a conductive, charged and/or magnetized golf ball penetrating field. Or, the device may be arranged so as to have no magnetic field inducing elements, whereby the magnetic field of a modified, magnetized golf ball, when passing through an opening, or over a flat pad, induces time varying current signals in at least one sensor element, which can be processed to predict the complete ball flight parameters, i.e., velocity, trajectory and spin.

Abstract: An arcade game including an object sensor for detecting a playing piece directed by a player. A target field including at least one target receives the directed playing piece, and the sensor determines the identity and a position of the playing piece. A scoring mechanism provides a game score based on a distance between the final resting position of the playing piece and one of the targets. In a described embodiment, the playing piece is a golf ball putted by the player toward a target hole. A removal mechanism removes the playing piece from the target field so that the player may retrieve the playing piece. The sensor includes a visual sensor, such as a video camera, and a digital processor for examining recorded images of the target field to validate the playing piece, determine a final position of the playing piece, and determine the distance between the playing piece and the target. Target field images can also be examined to determine and validate the trajectory of the playing piece.

Abstract: A golf simulator has a housing and three arrays of IR receivers and emitters positioned in the housing. A launch area is established near one end of the housing, and a user can launch a golf ball located in the launch area and drive the ball into the housing through the planes defined by the arrays of emitters and against a screen positioned at one end of the housing. The planes established by the arrays are disposed vertically and perpendicular to the angle of travel of the ball. A computer is connected to the IR receivers, which detect the passage of the golf ball through each respective plane. Based upon the signals from the receivers the computer, using triangulation techniques, determines the horizontal and vertical position, as well as the velocity, of the ball for a range of shots including drives, steep chip shots and putts less than 4 feet.

Abstract: An arrangement for use in training players of a game during a simulated game session in the correct use of a game implement that has to be moved properly during an actual game to encounter a ball and impart to the latter a desired trajectory of movement after impacting the same includes light-emitting devices that emit at least one initial and two subsequent detection light beams from locations arranged at the corners of a triangle into substantially vertically oriented upwardly conically diverging spatial sectors. A reflective surface associated with the implement reflects the light of the respective detection light beam back to the respective location as the implement passes through the respective spatial sector with an intensity that is in a predetermined functional relationship when reaching the respective location to the distance of the reflecting means from the same location and to the degree of penetration of the reflecting means into the respective spatial sector.

Abstract: An electronically identifiable golf ball having a passive transponder implanted therein. The transponder is surrounded by a layer of elastic material which is then surrounded by a rigid housing to protect the passive transponder from the external forces applied to the golf ball.

Abstract: The test range is provided with a calibration system for calibrating the exact position of a light curtain formed by a ballistic screen. The calibration system uses a model ball which can be moved through a light screen at high speed in order to simulate the actual passage of a driven golf ball through the light screen. Positioning of the model golf ball at a point at which the golf ball just contacts the light screen serves to determine the exact location of the light screen. A laser ranging device is used to locate the calibration system relative to a launch point. Thus, the precise distance of the curtain of light from the launch point can be readily determined. The calibration system may also be used to determine if a ballistic screen is mounted in a true vertical plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a golf training device capable of forming a two-dimensional, single planar and total symmetrical optical sensor net for detecting movement of a golf ball. The device comprises a square frame which has a signal producing means holding part on the first horizontal and the first vertical sides of the frame and a signal detecting means holding part on the second horizontal and the second vertical sides of the frame. On the signal producing means holding part, a light signal producing means including a light signal emitting means is installed to generate a two-dimensional, single planar optical path net. A light signal detecting means is spatially arranged in the opposite sides of the frame in accordance with the light emitting means to form a totally symmetrical optical sensor net for detecting the light signals from the light signal producing means.