Abstract: Methods, materials systems, and devices for inhibiting the infiltration and penetration of molten salts into solid materials, including porous materials at temperatures above the solidus temperature of the molten salt. The methods, materials systems, and devices utilize a non-wetted solid that is introduced into pores having entrances at an exterior surface of a porous solid material adapted to contact the molten salt.

Abstract: A gas injection nozzle refractory with one or more gas injection small metal tubes buried therein has improved durability. The gas injection nozzle refractory includes a MgO—C central refractory with a small metal tube buried therein, and a MgO—C peripheral refractory surrounding the central refractory. The central refractory on a plane of the gas injection nozzle refractory has an external shape of a circle with a radius in the range of R+10 to R+150 mm concentric with a virtual circle with a minimum radius surrounding all buried small metal tubes, R mm being a radius of the virtual circle.

Abstract: A spark plug connecting element. The spark plug connecting element includes a first contact element and a second contact element. A resistor element is situated between the first contact element and the second contact element. The first contact element and the second contact element have a specific conductivity of 102 S/m to 108 S/m and the resistor element has a specific conductivity of 10?3 S/m to 101 S/m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of additive manufacturing a 3D-printed article, comprising: (a) printing and depositing one or more layers of a slurry by using a 3D printer, wherein the slurry comprises a ceramic powder composition; (b) further injecting an oil around the one or more layers of slurry, wherein the height of the injected oil is lower than the height of the slurry; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until a main body with desired geometric shape is obtained; and (d) sintering the main body by heating to obtain the 3D-printed article wherein the temperature of a printing carrier of the 3D printer is from 30 to 80° C.

Abstract: A coating including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating. A razor including one or more blades and a coating disposed on at least one of the one or more blades. The coating on the one or more blades of the razor including one or more nano-materials and an organic material, the one or more nano-materials being present in a concentration of up to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating.

Abstract: A method of making a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) brake component may include the steps of applying a pressure to a mixture comprising ceramic powder and chopped fibers, pulsing an electrical discharge across the mixture to generate a pulsed plasma between particles of the ceramic powder, increasing a temperature applied to the mixture using direct heating to generate the CMC brake component, and reducing the temperature and the pressure applied to the CMC brake component. The ceramic powder may have a micrometer powder size or a nanometer powder size, and the chopped fibers may have an interphase coating.

Abstract: The disclosure provides novel graphene-reinforced ceramic composites and methods for making such composite materials.

Abstract: Refractory cold start slag band including an admixture of partially stabilised zirconia and/or fully stabilised zirconia and monoclinic zirconia. The proportion of monoclinic relative to the total zirconia content is at least 50% by weight and the grain diameter of the monoclinic zirconia is from 0.25 to 0.5mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material including a matrix and at least one reinforcing element introduced therein, wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of plastic, carbon, ceramic, glass, clay, metal, and combinations thereof, and the reinforcing element is spherical to ellipsoidal in shape and has an onionskin-like structure. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a material including steps preparing at least one spherical to ellipsoidal reinforcing element having an onionskin-type structure, and introducing the reinforcing element into a matrix, wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of plastic, carbon, ceramic, glass, clay, metal, and combinations thereof. The present invention further relates to use of the material in a friction application, as abrasion protection, an injection molding part, a support plate, catalyst substrate or as bone replacement material.

Abstract: A high-chromia refractory, comprised of: about 60% to about 99% by weight of refractory grain, wherein the refractory grain is comprised of grains having about 20% to 100% by weight chromia; 0% to about 35% by weight of a fine particulate, the fine particulate selected from chromic oxide, alumina, ceria, yttria, lanthanum oxide, or combinations thereof; and about 1% to about 8% of a liquid resin or pitch.

Abstract: In a carbon-containing refractory composed of a refractory aggregate, a carbon based raw material, and a carbon bond connecting between the refractory aggregate or the carbon based raw material, transition metal-containing nanoparticles having particle diameters of 1,000 nm or less and containing a transition metal are contained in the above-described carbon bond while being dispersed. When the carbon-containing refractory is heat-treated, flexible structures of carbon fiber-shaped textures having diameters of 50 nm or less are formed in the inside of a carbon bond and, thereby, an increase in strength, a reduction in modulus of elasticity, and a reduction in thermal expansion coefficient are facilitated. Therefore, a carbon-containing refractory exhibiting high thermal shock resistance, high abrasion resistance, and high corrosion resistance are provided.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a refractory composition for use as a cold start slag band. The composition comprises an admixture of partially stabilised zirconia and/or fully stabilised zirconia and monoclinic zirconia, characterised in that the proportion of monoclinic relative to the total zirconia content is at least 40% by weight. The invention also resides in a slag band formed from the composition, a submerged entry nozzle incorporating the slag band and a method of forming such a submerged entry nozzle.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst exhibiting excellent performance particularly in partial oxidation reaction. Another object is to provide a method for efficiently producing carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride through vapor-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst contains (1) diamond; (2) at least one species selected from among Group 5 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide A; and (3) at least one species selected from among Group 4 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide B. The method for producing a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic anhydride includes subjecting an organic compound to vapor phase partial oxidation by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst, wherein the organic compound is an aromatic compound having one or more substituents in a molecule thereof, the substituents each including a carbon atom bonded to an aromatic ring.

Abstract: Spout-filling compositions and a method for protecting and facilitating free opening of a spout valve of a ladle are disclosed. The spout-filling compositions may comprise an iron-based ilmenite sand. More particularly, the compositions may comprise ilmenite sand in combination with a quartz and/or carbon black and/or chromite and zircon. The compositions described herein may be placed in a ladle to insulate the valve from molten metal.

Abstract: A family of materials wherein nanostructures and/or nanotubes are incorporated into a multi-component material arrangement, such as a metallic or ceramic alloy or composite/aggregate, producing a new material or metallic/ceramic alloy. The new material has significantly increased strength, up to several thousands of times normal and perhaps substantially more, as well as significantly decreased weight. The new materials may be manufactured into a component where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the bulk and/or matrix material, or as a coating where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the coating or surface of a “normal” substrate material. The nanostructures are incorporated into the material structure either randomly or aligned, within grains, or along or across grain boundaries.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbonaceous refractory, and a method of production of the same, which prevents a drop in the molten pig iron corrosion resistance, molten pig iron penetration resistance, and other properties of carbonaceous refractories required for blast furnace bottom refractories and, further, raises the mechanical strength of the refractories so as to suppress cracking due to thermal stress, that is, a carbonaceous refractory characterized by comprising a carbonaceous material comprised of one or more of calcined anthracite, calcined coke, natural graphite, or artificial graphite in 60 to 85 mass %, a refractory metal oxide in 5 to 15 mass %, metal silicon in 4 to 15 mass %, and carbon black in 2 to 10 mass % and by being obtained by adding an organic binder to refractory materials made a total 100 mass %, kneading the materials, then molding them and firing them in a nonoxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention provides carbon composite materials, which comprise metal carbide particles, at least the particle surfaces or the entirety of which are metal carbides, synthesized in situ from a metal source, i.e., at least one member selected from the group comprising metal particles, metal oxide particles, and composite metal oxide particles, and a carbon source, i.e., a thermosetting resin, dispersed in a carbon, carbon fiber, or carbon/carbon fiber matrix, and contain no free metal particles. This invention also provides a method for producing such composite carbon materials, which enables the production of carbon composite materials having a high coefficient of friction, high thermostability, and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon-containing refractory composition comprising a carbon-containing refractory matrix material, and a binder selected from molasses, lignosulphonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and a mixture thereof. The inventive composition having satisfactory good thermal and physical properties causes no environmental hazard.

Abstract: A composite article includes a substrate and a ceramic nanocomposite layer disposed on the substrate. The ceramic nanocomposite layer has a composition that includes silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen.

Abstract: Carbon nanomaterials are stabilized and uniformly dispersed in a liquid such as water using a simple procedure. Methylcellulose is added to hot water where it separates and expands with a temperature of about 80-90 degree Celsius. Methylcellulose swiftly dissolves when the water cools down. Carbon nanomaterials are dispersed in a solvent and sonicated. This nanomaterial dispersed solvent is then added to the methylcellulose dispersed water and mechanically stirred. The resulting uniform mixture is up to 90% by weight nanomaterials and is stable for months.

Abstract: A high-chromia refractory, comprised of: about 60% to about 99% by weight of refractory grain, wherein the refractory grain is comprised of grains having about 20% to 100% by weight chromia; 0% to about 35% by weight of a fine particulate, the fine particulate selected from chromic oxide, alumina, ceria, yttria, lanthanum oxide, or combinations thereof; and about 1% to about 8% of a liquid resin or pitch.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a process for the agglomeration of titania slag particles comprising providing titania slag at a d50 particle size of below 106 ?m; mixing the slag particles with an organic binder; and agglomerating the mixture of the slag particles and organic binder into agglomerated particles with a d50 particle size in the range from 106 ?m to 1000 ?m. The agglomerated particles have a (TiO2 and FeO)/C mass ratio of more than 3.4. The invention also relates to such agglomated slag particles and a chloride process for the production of TiO2 wherein such agglomerated titania slag particles are used.

Abstract: A high performance multifunctional cementitious nanocomposite material is made by adding a nano admixture to the water used in a conventional cementitious material manufacturing process. The nano admixture is made by dispersing nanomaterials in a solvent and sonicating the mixture, adding a hydrophilic emulsifier, thickener, additive or cellulose derived compound to hot water, where it separates and expands, cooling the water, causing the compound to dissolve, and then adding the solvent and nanomaterial mixture to the water and mechanically mixing. The contact between the nanomaterials and the surrounding matrix changes with applied stress, affecting the volume electrical response of the finished nanocomposite material. By measuring the electrical resistance of the material, its structural health, as well as the stress applied to it, can be monitored. A bridge made with the material is monitored for structural integrity and for the weight, speed, and location of traffic over the bridge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a molding material mixture for production of casting molds for metalworking, to a process for producing casting molds, to casting molds obtained by the process and to the use thereof. For the production of casting molds, a refractory molding matrix and a waterglass-based binder are used. The binder has been admixed with a proportion of a particulate metal oxide which is selected from the group of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and zinc oxide, particular preference being given to using synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide. The molding material mixture comprises a carbohydrate as a further essential constituent. The addition of carbohydrates allows the mechanical strength of casting molds and the surface quality of the casting to be improved.

Abstract: A boron carbide sintered body having a plurality of pores, comprises a boron carbide as a main component and a plurality of graphite particles dispersed in the sinter. The graphite particles is exposed to the pores or is in the vicinity of the pores.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing carbon-bonded refractory products from refractory granulations and organic binder agents, wherein a powdery, graphitable coal-tar pitch with a benzo[a]pyrene content less than 500 mg/kg and a coking value of at least about 80% by weight according to DIN 51905 and a graphitable binder agent liquid at room temperature, with a coking value of at least about 15% by weight and a benzo[a]pyrene content less than 500 ppm according to DIN 51905, are used as organic binder agent, mixed with the remaining constituents, transferred to a mould body, then heat treated at a temperature of 150 to about 400° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a formed body comprising an at least partially amorphous inorganic supporting structure and an adsorption agent, which adsorption agent is disposed on and/or in the amorphous inorganic supporting structure. The invention further relates to a process for the production of same and to the use of said formed body in a filtering system, preferably in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Highly wear-resistant, low-friction ceramic composites suited for machining-tool, sliding-component, and mold-die materials are made available. The ceramic composites characterized are constituted from a phase having carbon of 3 ?m or less, preferably 30 nm or less, average crystal-grain size as the principal component, and a ceramic phase (with the proviso that carbon is excluded). The ceramic phase is at least one selected from the group made up of nitrides, carbides, oxides, composite nitrides, composite carbides, composite oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, oxycarbonitrides, and oxycarbides of Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W. The ceramic composites are produced by sintering the source-material powders at a sintering temperature of 800 to 1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or greater.

Abstract: Carbon nanomaterials are stabilized and uniformly dispersed in a liquid such as water using a simple procedure. Methylcellulose is added to hot water where it separates and expands with a temperature of about 80-90 degree Celsius. Methylcellulose swiftly dissolves when the water cools down. Carbon nanomaterials are dispersed in a solvent and sonicated. This nanomaterial dispersed solvent is then added to the methylcellulose dispersed water and mechanically stirred. The resulting uniform mixture is up to 90% by weight nanomaterials and is stable for months.

Abstract: A high performance multifunctional cementitious nanocomposite material is made by adding a nano admixture to the water used in a conventional cementitious material manufacturing process. The nano admixture is made by dispersing nanomaterials in a solvent and sonicating the mixture, adding a hydrophilic emulsifier, thickener, additive or cellulose derived compound to hot water, where it separates and expands, cooling the water, causing the compound to dissolve, and then adding the solvent and nanomaterial mixture to the water and mechanically mixing. The contact between the nanomaterials and the surrounding matrix changes with applied stress, affecting the volume electrical response of the finished nanocomposite material. By measuring the electrical resistance of the material, its structural health, as well as the stress applied to it, can be monitored. A bridge made with the material is monitored for structural integrity and for the weight, speed, and location of traffic over the bridge.

Abstract: A method of producing a calibrating body, gage or measuring device, preferably a screw-thread measuring device, at least partially including a C—SiC material constructed of a porous, carbon-containing material with infiltrated liquid Si, includes converting the Si at least partially to SiC by reaction with carbon. The C—SiC material is produced from a C—C material based on carbon felt material produced by pressing monofibers or fiber fragments irregularly entwined with each other. A calibrating body, gage or measuring device, preferably a screw-thread measuring device, is also provided.

Abstract: To provide a sintered silicon nitride with conductivity and densification, an oxide of titanium group elements, such as titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide and the like, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum nitride is added as needed to silicon nitride-oxidant of rare-earth elements-aluminum oxide system or silicon nitride-oxide of rare-earth elements-magnesia system, and then specified quantity of carbon nonotube (CNT) is added to the above mixture. CNT generates silicon carbide after the reaction with contiguous or proximal silicon nitride and the like depending on the sintering duration at high temperature. Since silicon carbide is generated along with nanotubes, the silicon carbide functions as conductor with excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon-containing refractory composition comprising a carbon-containing refractory matrix material, and a binder selected from molasses, lignosulphonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and a mixture thereof. The inventive composition having satisfactory good thermal and physical properties causes no environmental hazard.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a process for the agglomeration of titania slag particles comprising providing titania slag at a d50 particle size of below 106 ?m; mixing the slag particles with an organic binder; and agglomerating the mixture of the slag particles and organic binder into agglomerated particles with a d50 particle size in the range from 106 ?m to 1000 ?m. The agglomerated particles have a (TiO2 and FeO)/C mass ratio of more than 3.4. The invention also relates to such agglomated slag particles and a chloride process for the production Of TiO2 wherein such agglomerated titania slag particles are used.

Abstract: A process is described for the synthesis of metal oxides in a nanometric particle form that cannot be easily obtained by conventional bulk synthesis techniques. The method makes use of Colloid Occluded Carbons (COC) and Colloid Imprinted Carbons (CIC) as reagents and as templating agents for the preparation of metal oxides in nanometric particle form. The nanometric particles are suitable useful in the field of chemical catalysis, particularly for petroleum refining when in porous form, and as sensors, optical wave guides, and coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a granulated raw material for refractory graphite-containing products in the form of shaped granules, with the granules each comprising a coarse resistor particle which is enveloped by a shell comprising graphite flocs and cured binder, in particular a carbon-containing binder. In addition, the invention relates to a process for producing the granulated resistor material and to the use of the granulated raw material.

Abstract: Ceramic composite material that has excellent mechanical properties within a range from room temperature to high temperature and high die release with respect to glass, resins, ceramics, and similar substances. The ceramic composite material is composed of a ceramic phase and a phase containing 2 to 98 wt. % carbon and/or boron nitride as the main component, and that has a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient is within a range of 2.0-9.0×10?6/° C. and the surface roughness after surface polishing is 0.05 ?m or less. The sintered body of the material is obtained by sintering a mixture of powdered starting materials at a sintering temperature of 800-1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or higher.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a ceramic nanocomposite comprising a nanostructured carbon component inside a ceramic host. The ceramic nanocomposite may further comprise vapor grown carbon fibers. Such nanostructured carbon materials impart both structural and thermal barrier enhancements to the ceramic host. The present invention is also directed towards a method of making these ceramic nanocomposites and for methods of using them in various applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to refractory mixes produced by mixing a refractory material with an organic binder and heating to a temperature of typically from about 50° C. to about 100° C. to form a stable composite granulate. The refractor mixes comprise a major amount of a refractory material and a minor amount of a binder composition comprising (a) condensed tannin and (b) furfuryl alcohol. The refractory mixes are used to prepare shaped (e.g. bricks) and unshaped (e.g. blast furnace tap holes, troughs, and tundish liners) refractory products. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the refractory products using the refractory mixes.

Abstract: This invention concerns a non-basic refractory batch as well as its use.

Abstract: Insulation materials suited to high temperature applications, such as the insulation of furnaces, are formed from a mixture of pitch carbon fibers, such as isotropic pitch carbon fibers, and a binder comprising a solution of sugar in water. The sugar solution is preferably at a concentration of from 20–60% sucrose to yield a low density material having high flexural strength and low thermal conductivity when carbonized to a temperature of about 1800° C.

Abstract: A nano-scaled graphene plate material and a process for producing this material. The material comprises a sheet of graphite plane or a multiplicity of sheets of graphite plane. The graphite plane is composed of a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and the plate has a length and a width parallel to the graphite plane and a thickness orthogonal to the graphite plane with at least one of the length, width, and thickness values being 100 nanometers or smaller. The process for producing nano-scaled graphene plate material comprises the steps of: a). partially or fully carbonizing a precursor polymer or heat-treating petroleum or coal tar pitch to produce a polymeric carbon containing micron- and/or nanometer-scaled graphite crystallites with each crystallite comprising one sheet or a multiplicity of sheets of graphite plane; b). exfoliating the graphite crystallites in the polymeric carbon; and c).

Abstract: Refractories obtained by molding a refractory raw material composition containing a refractory raw material including graphite grains having an average grain size of 500 nm or less or a refractory raw material including graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and a refractory filler. Or refractories containing carbonaceous grains (A) selected from carbon black or graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of 80 ml/100 g or more, carbonaceous grains (B) selected from carbon black and graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of less than 80 ml/100 g, and a refractory filler. Refractories excellent in corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance, especially carbon-contained refractories having a low carbon content are thereby provided.

Abstract: A ceramic component is disclosed, including a sintered ceramic body from a composition comprising a first ceramic material, and a plurality of inclusions in the ceramic body, each inclusion comprising graphite and a second ceramic material.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a fiber-reinforced material which is composed, at least in a region of a surface layer, of a ceramic composite and has carbon-containing fibers reaction-bonded to a matrix containing the elements Si and C. In particular a method of producing fiber-reinforced silicon carbide is provided in which a structure of a matrix contains cracks and/or pores, at least at ambient temperature, because of a high thermal expansion coefficient compared with that of the fibers. Metals are selectively electrodeposited in the open pores and cracks of the matrix and, in particular, in a region of the electrically conductive reinforcing fibers. As a result, the open pores and cracks are filled and, in addition, metallic top layers are optionally formed that are firmly keyed to the ceramic composite and that may serve as an interlayer for glass top layers or ceramic top layers.

Abstract: A protective coating for a carbon-containing component comprises a material selected from the group consisting of non-stoichiometric silicon and carbon; non-stoichiometric silicon and oxygen; non-stoichiometric silicon and nitrogen; compounds of silicon, oxygen, and carbon; compounds of silicon, oxygen and nitrogen; compounds of silicon, nitrogen, and carbon; and silicon.

Abstract: Composite materials formed of a matrix of fused ceramic grains with single-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed throughout the matrix and a high relative density, notably that achieved by electric field-assisted sintering, demonstrate unusually high electrical conductivity in combination with high-performance mechanical properties including high fracture toughness. This combination of electrical and mechanical properties makes these composites useful as electrical conductors in applications where high-performance materials are needed due to exposure to extreme conditions such as high temperatures and mechanical stresses.

Abstract: Techniques to bond two or more smaller bodies or subunits to produce a unitary SiC composite structure extend the capabilities of reaction-bonded silicon carbide, for example, by making possible the fabrication of complex shapes. In a first aspect of the present invention, two or more preforms are bonded together with a binder material that imparts at least strength sufficient for handling during subsequent thermal processing. In a second aspect of the present invention, instead of providing the subunits to be bonded in the form of preforms, the subunits may be dense, SiC composite bodies, e.g., RBSC bodies. In each of the above embodiments, a preferable means for bonding two or more subunits combines aspects of adhesive and mechanical locking characteristics. One way to accomplish this objective is to incorporate a mechanical locking feature to the joining means, e.g., a “keyway” feature.

Abstract: A batch, in particular for the production of a refractory shaped body, includes at least one refractory metal oxide component and a synthetic resin component as a binder, and a graphitizing auxiliary for producing crystalline graphite carbon from the resin. The graphitizing auxiliary originates from a group consisting of reducible organic compounds of transition elements and/or a group of active organic or inorganic metal compounds or metals, such as resin-soluble metal salts, chemically precipitated or micronized metal oxides or metals. The graphitizing auxiliary is available in molecular form over the time and/or temperature range of conversion of the synthetic resin into carbon (carbonization).

Abstract: Insulation materials suited to high temperature applications, such as the insulation of furnaces, are formed from a mixture of pitch carbon fibers, such as isotropic pitch carbon fibers, and a binder comprising a solution of sugar in water. The sugar solution is preferably at a concentration of from 20-60% sucrose to yield a low density material having high flexural strength and low thermal conductivity when carbonized to a temperature of about 1800° C.