Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a rare metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements which has been deposited on an inert support and which has been used to dehalogenate .alpha.-halogenated carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrogen, and a rare metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements which has been deposited on an inert support and which is such that the granulometry of b) is very much lower than that of a) to form a homogeneous mixture as a result of the action of currents of .alpha.-halogenated carboxylic acid and hydrogen.It is particularly useful for regenerating palladium catalysts used in the purification of crude monochloroacetic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an iridium supported on at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of metal carbides and metal nitrides for eliminating nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas in the presence of oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric quantity of oxidizing components for reducing components. The catalyst is effective for eliminating NO.sub.x in exhaust gas from lean burn engines such as lean burn gasoline engines and diesel engines containing excess O.sub.2 corresponding to an A/F ratio of 17 or over.

Abstract: Perovskite materials have a composition of the formula La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x Cr.sub.1-y Ru.sub.y O.sub.3 wherein 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5 and 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.10. The materials are used in catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation, unsaturated hydrocarbon oxidation and/or nitrogen oxide reduction.

Abstract: A porous refractory carbide with a large specific surface area is disclosed. The refractory carbide has a skeleton of metallic or metalloid refractory carbide and has a bimodal open porosity with a group of pores of 1 to 100 microns and a group of pores smaller than 0.1 micron.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic system and to a method of producing such a system.The catalytic system consists of a support on which the catalytically active product is deposited. The support has mechanical or physical properties which are of interest in terms of the required working conditions, but a poor specific surface area. The catalytically active product, a metallic carbide, is obtained by coating the support in a suspension of a reducible compound of the metal in a solution of an organic compound, carbonizing this compound, reducing the metallic compound and carburizing the metal. The carbide thus obtained has a high specific surface area.Preferably, the support consists of silicon carbide produced by carbonizing a paste containing silicon, carbon and an organic resin.The invention is applicable to any form of catalyst but in particular to the monolithic catalysts intended for treating exhaust gases.

Abstract: Catalysts having the general formula:V.sub.1 Bi.sub.a Sb.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.c Z.sub.f O.sub.gwherein,X=Mo, Cu, W, Nb, Te, P, Sn, Ge, AsY=Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mn, CrZ=Alkali, alkaline earth, B, Tl and,a=0.1-10,b=0.01-20,c=0.01-5,d=0-5,e=o-3,f=0-1, and g is determined by the valance requirements of the elements present,are produced by first forming and calcining an iron-antimony oxide composition which is subsequently combined with compounds of vanadium, bismuth and other elements. The catalysts are useful in the formation of phthalonitriles from the reaction of xylenes with oxygen and ammonia at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidizing a carbon-containing compound comprising a composite oxide powder composed of 4 to 19% by weight of silica, 3 to 10% by weight of boria, and the balance alumina, and palladium in an amount of 3 to 100 g per 1 liter of the powder carried on the composite powder, and a method for producing such a catalyst are described. The composite oxide is thermally stable and prevents reduction of palladium oxide, and the catalyst can be used for an extended period high temperatures.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising lead doped zirconium compounds are particularly effective in an oxidative process for upgrading low molecular weight alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, and especially for upgrading methane to form ethane and ethylene. The catalysts can be employed in a process performed at elevated temperatures and in the presence or absence of gaseous oxygen. The catalysts are substantially free of PbO and uncombined Pb and remain stable for long periods of time.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of a new or deactivated supported metal catalyst containing noble metal to prepare said catalyst for use in the hydrodehalogenation of a compound having the formula C.sub.n H.sub.m F.sub.p X.sub.q, where each X is independently selected from Cl and Br, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, m is an integer from 0 to 12, p is an integer from 1 to 13, and q is an integer from 1 to 13, and wherein m+p+q equals 2n+2 for saturated compounds which are acyclic, m+p+q equals 2n for saturated compounds which are cyclic and for olefinic compounds which are acyclic, and m+p+q equals 2n-2 for olefinic compounds which are cyclic, comprising the step of contacting said catalyst with an atmosphere comprising chlorine gas at a temperature from about 100.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient to improve the catalytic activity thereof for said hydrodehalogenation.

Abstract: Process for applying a catalyst layer (4) composed of noble metals and/or noble-metal compounds to a ceramic carrier (1), in which process at least one ceramic intermediate layer (2) based on a glaze is applied, subjected to a heat treatment and cooled down. The catalyst layer (4) is in turn deposited as a chemical, electrochemical or physical deposit. Variants with .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 intermediate layer or with SiO.sub.2 intermediate layer or with Si intermediate layer.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an inert support that carries on it vanadium oxide, sodium oxide and molybdenum oxide in predetermined amounts, at least one additional component in a predetermined amount which is selected from among chromium oxide, manganese oxide, niobium oxide and titanium oxide is capable of producing pyromellitic dianhydride in high yield from inexpensive durene over a broad optimal temperature range while suppressing the generation of heat in the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a recovering method of a catalytic substance and a carrier from a waste catalyst which comprises subjecting the waste catalyst composed of a catalyst prepared by supporting a catalytic substance on a carrier composed of pourous silicon carbide to chlorinating treatment and then recovering the catalytic substance and the carrier in the form of chlorides.

Abstract: A catalyst for dehalogenation of a halide comprising a corrosion-resistant ceramic or graphite having a surface area of 5.0 m.sup.2 /g or less and, supported thereon, at least one of a platinum group metal and a silicide thereof, and a method of dehalogenation of a halide using this catalyst.

Abstract: The yield of metal alkoxides formed by refluxing an alcohol-containing liquid, also containing catalyst, from a reactor vessel into a reflux column containing reactive metal is provided. The yield of the desired alkoxide is increased by withdrawing a portion of the alcohol reactant and catalyst from the reactor and introducing them into the column above the position occupied by at least a portion of the metal. The thus introduced catalyst-containing alcohol reactant makes contact with the metal and thereby increases the yield of metal alkoxide as it is allowed to flow back into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises a carrier composed of a porous silicon carbide or a porous silicon nitride prepared by a silicon-accumulated biomass and a catalytic substance supported thereon, and a method for preparing a catalyst which comprises supporting a catalytic substance on a porous silicon carbide or a porous silicon nitride prepared by subjecting a silicon-accumulated biomass to heat treatment under an argon or a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of fine grains of silicon carbide which are formed by an agglomerate of submicronic grains having a specific surface area that is at least 100 m.sup.2 .multidot.g.sup.-1, which are intended in particular to serve as a carrier for catalysts for petrochemistry, and for catalytic reactions at elevated temperature which can attain 1000.degree. C., the process comprising reacting vapors of silicon monoxide SiO on carbon, being characterized by: generating vapors of SiO in a first reaction zone by heating a mixture SiO.sub.2 +Si at a temperature of between 1100.degree. and 1400.degree. C., under a pressure of between 0.1 and 1.5 hPa; and, in a second reaction zone, contacting the SiO vapors with reactive carbon in the divided state with a specific surface area that is at least equal to 200 m.sup.2 .multidot.g.sup.-1 at a temperature of between 1100.degree. and 1400.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a diester of oxalic acid by the vapor phase catlytic reaction of carbon monoxide with an ester of nitrous acid in the presence of a catalyst composed of a solid carrier and a catalyst component supported on the carrier, the improvement wherein said catalyst component is composed of(a) a platinum-group metal or a salt thereof, and(b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron and an iron (II or III) compound,the atomic ratio of the component (a) to the component (b) as metal being from 10,000:1 to 1:4.

Abstract: A CO shift catalyst comprises the calcined form of a precursor of the approximate formula, the precursor having a layer structure(Cu+Zn).sub.6 Al.sub.x R.sub.y (CO.sub.3).sub.(x+y/2 OH.sub.12+2(x+Y) nH.sub.2 OwhereR is lanthanum, cerium or zirconiumx is not less than 1 and not greater than 4;y is not less than 0.01 and not greater than 1.5n is approximately 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas catalyst, wherein it consists of about 50 to about 95% by weight of silicon carbide and about 5 to about 50% by weight of an alloy of silicon with one or more metals of the group copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, silver, platinum, palladium or other catalytically-active metals, the catalytically-active surface of which has optionally been activated by oxidation and/or chemical after-treatment.The present invention also provides processes for the production of this catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: Supported catalysts containing palladium on a support material are improved by added bases which remain on the material. These supported catalysts are useful for hydrogenating optionally substituted phenols to give the corresponding cyclohexanols as the predominant product.

Abstract: A catalytic structure for cleaning exhaust gas from automobiles, etc., is provided. The catalytic structure comprises a ceramic carrier having a three-dimensional network skeleton forming the intercommunicating voids therein and a catalyst-carried activated alumina layer formed on the surface of the three-dimensional network skeleton. This catalytic structure is produced by contacting a ceramic carrier with a catalyst-containing solution and drying the carrier by evaporating the solvent in the solution so that the catalyst will be carried at a higher density in the activated alumina layer on the side of the skeleton surface against which side the incoming exhaust gas does not impinge, than on the side against which the exhaust gas impinges.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning catalyst composed of a refractory three-dimensional structure and a catalytically active substance supported thereon. That surface or part of the catalyst which makes contact with an exhaust gas is formed of numerous irregularly arranged protrusions composed of a refractory inorganic powder having a particle diameter of 5 to 300 micrometers or a mixture of it with refractory inorganic fibers and the catalytically active substance supported on the protrusions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing titania-containing catalysts and catalyst supports that are fluidizable and attrition-resistant. By the method, a fluidizable substrate is impregnated with titanyl sulfate or a related compound. The compositions may be used to advantage in applications requiring titania-bearing catalysts or titania supports and are particularly useful in preparing fluid bed catalysts for the oxidation of o-xylene and naphthalene to phthalic anhydride.

Abstract: A carrier for abrasion-resistant catalysts having a surface coated with high-fusion oxides, nitrides and/or carbides of at least one transition metal, or boron, of aluminum and/or of silicon or of combination of these compounds. The coating is carried out using physical vapor deposition techniques, such as evaporating coating ion plating or cathode sputtering. The layer thus produced consists of individual structures, such as stems and/or columns having different elevations which together produce a porous layer serving as an intermediate layer for the subsequent deposition of the catalytic material.

Abstract: A high surface area, porous active carbon containing a substantially uniform dispersion of a metal or metal-containing material and a method for making the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing coated catalysts, inter alia, for gas phase oxidations in organic chemistry, comprised of an inert support and a coating of catalyst material enclosing this support, wherein a suspension of the starting material for the coating is sprayed onto an agitated bed of the support, while the suspending medium is being partially removed by a gas stream, and the raw material is then dried and heat-treated. For this purpose, the support bed is mechanically agitated and loosened by a gas stream blown in from below. The catalyst precursor containing a binder and, if appropriate, a pore-former is sprayed in an increasing amount from above onto the bed, the ratio between suspending medium sprayed on and drawn off remaining about constant. The thermal expansion coefficient of the precursor as a dry powder must not deviate by more than 15% from that of the support.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength comprising a compound containing a heteropolyacid as a base and whiskers.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of ruthenium, palladium or platinum and alkali metals are provided which are useful in the subject process for the upgrading of synthesis gas, particularly for obtaining alkanes and alcohols having at least two carbon atoms, in addition to methane and methanol. Also provided is a temperature gradient reactor useful in synthesis gas upgrading reactions for increasing selectivity to higher carbon number products.

Abstract: Iron-cobalt spinels which contain low levels of cobalt, in an iron/cobalt atomic ratio of 7:1 to 35:1, are converted to Fischer-Tropsch catalysts upon reduction and carbiding that exhibit high activity and selectivity to C.sub.2 --C.sub.6 olefins and low CH.sub.4 production.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of aliphatic acetate esters and gaseous alkanes comprising contacting acetic acid and synthesis gas in the vapor phase at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst containing the mixed oxides of ruthenium and nickel, and optionally an alkali metal oxide and the oxides of cobalt, cadmium, zinc or mixtures thereof. Other carboxylic acids may be substituted for acetic acid as desired.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a diester of oxalic acid by the vapor phase catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with an ester of nitrous acid in the presence of a catalyst composed of a solid carrier and a catalyst component supported on the carrier, the improvement wherein said catalyst component is composed of(a) a platinum-group metal or a salt thereof, and(b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ti and an oxide thereof.

Abstract: Finely divided, hydrogen-activated catalyst compositions comprising iron, silicon and carbon or iron and silicon that selectively convert gaseous mixtures of CO and H.sub.2, at a temperature of about 150.degree.-450.degree. C. and at pressures of about 10-2000 kPa, into reaction mixture containing at least about 75% C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenes and no more than about 25% of CH.sub.4 and undesirable CO.sub.2 by-products are disclosed. A wide range of iron/silicon-based catalyst compositions are conveniently prepared by laser pyrolysis and hydrogen-pretreatment and readily reactivated with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of synthesis gas is provided wherein olefin and oxygenated hydrocarbons, particularly alcohol and carboxylic acid, products predominate. The process includes contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising partially reduced ruthenium oxide and elemental gold. The products may be recovered and contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to yield alkanes, alcohols and esters useful for fuels.

Abstract: Novel thallium promoted iron catalysts are described as being useful in CO hydrogenation processes utilizing CO/H.sub.2 mixtures for selectively producing C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 liquid hydrocarbons, containing C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 aromatic hydrocarbons and only very small amounts of C.sub.23 + hydrocarbon waxes.

Abstract: New catalysts comprising lead and silver on supports having relatively low surface areas and their use have been found to be useful in the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The herein-proposed catalyst for dehydrogenation oxygen-containing derivatives of the cyclohexane series having the following general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is either hydrogen or alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are radicals having either the same or different values --H, --OH, .dbd.O, provided that R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not hydrogen atoms both at a time,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 being linked to different carbon atoms of the ring to form the corresponding cyclic ketones and/or phenols, comprises the following components (wt. %):nickel--15 to 55tin--0.2 to 1.95inert carrier--84.8 to 43.05,while the atomic ratio of nickel and tin lies within 15:1 and 410:1, respectively, and may contain additionally an alkali salt of a mineral acid in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 wt. %.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic oxydehydrogenation process for the conversion of a steam of mixed isomeric isoamylenes, methyl butanols or mixtures thereof to isoprene with relatively short contact times at a reactor temperature in the range of 500.degree. F. to 1100.degree. F. at from 0.5 to about 10 atmospheres pressure. The catalysts comprise an alkali metal as an essential catalytic ingredient.