Abstract: A method for recovering reforming catalyst comprises obtaining spent reforming catalysts; immersing the spent reforming catalysts with different degrees of aging into a light solution to obtain immersed catalysts and allowing the light solution to enter pores in the spent reforming catalysts to lower a pseudo-skeletal density of each spent reforming catalyst to obtain immersed catalysts; immersing the immersed catalysts into a heavy solution that has a density greater than pseudo-skeletal density of the immersed catalysts and replacing the light solution in the pores in the immersed catalysts by the heavy solution to increase density of the immersed catalysts; and awaiting the immersed catalysts to settle in the heavy solution to obtain settled catalysts, wherein different settling velocities due to aging creates layers of settled catalysts. Therefore, the reforming catalysts with different degrees of aging are easily classified into different layers, which can be reused for cost saving.

Abstract: A process for re-processing of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is described comprising the steps of; (i) de-waxing the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, (ii) subjecting the de-waxed catalyst to hydrometallurgical leaching or extraction to separate catalyst metal or metals from catalyst support material, and (iii) recovering the separated catalyst metal or metals, wherein the de-waxing step is performed using a pressurised near-critical or supercritical fluid under conditions that minimise catalyst metal spinel formation.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of activating or regenerating a hydrogen storage material which contains at least one metal hydride. The at least one metal hydride is brought into contact with an inert solvent and the inert solvent is subsequently removed again. After contacting with and removal of the inert solvent, there is not only an increase in the reaction rate but surprisingly the hydrogenation also proceeds more completely. The present method is particularly advantageous when the hydrogen storage material contains at least components which interact with one another during absorption and desorption.

Abstract: A method of reactivating a spent catalyst comprising a metal and a catalyst support, the method comprising redispersing the metal in the spent catalyst to produce a redispersed spent catalyst, contacting the redispersed spent catalyst with a reactivating composition to produce a redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst, and thermally treating the redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst to produce a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for regenerating one or more deactivated cobalt comprising Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particle(s) in situ in a reactor tube, said process comprising the steps of: (i) oxidising the catalyst particle(s) at a temperature between 20 and 400° C.; (ii) treating the catalyst particle(s) for more than 5 minutes with a solvent, (iii) drying the catalyst particle(s); and (iv) optionally reducing the catalyst with hydrogen or a hydrogen comprising gas. This process may be preceded by a step in which Fischer-Tropsch product is removed from the catalyst particle(s).

Abstract: A method of regeneration of a SCR catalyst for use in high temperature thermal processes such as in a power plant facility burning fossil fuels, bio-based fuels, or a combination thereof, wherein the catalyst is poisoned by phosphorous components in the flue gas and the catalyst is treated using a base, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for recovering catalytic metals from fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil comprises pyrolizing fine catalyst slurried in heavy oil to provide one or more lighter oil products and a coke-like material and recovering catalytic metals from the coke-like material.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic catalyst which has been deactivated by conjunct polymers by removing the conjunct polymers so as to increase the activity of the catalyst is disclosed. Methods for removing the conjunct polymers include hydrogenation, addition of a basic reagent and alkylation. The methods are applicable to all acidic catalysts and are described with reference to certain ionic liquid catalysts.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst which has been deactivated by conjunct polymers comprising combining the used catalyst, a metal and a Broensted acid which acts a source of hydrogen in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to hydrogenate at least a portion of the conjunct polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of regeneration of a SCR catalyst for use in a power plant facility burning fossil fuels, bio-based fuels, or a combination thereof, wherein poisons are removed from the catalyst. The method is suitable for use during neutralization using C1 to C8 carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A method for reusing rhenium from a donor spent epoxidation catalyst, the method comprising: providing a donor comprising spent epoxidation catalyst comprising rhenium, the donor having a cumulative alkylene oxide production of 0.16 kT/m3 of the spent epoxidation catalyst or more; contacting the donor with an aqueous liquid to produce rhenium-depleted donor and aqueous extract comprising extracted rhenium; separating the aqueous extract and the rhenium-depleted donor; and, using the extracted rhenium as a source of rhenium in a subsequent process.

Abstract: A process for removing CO2 from the air, comprising the steps of (a) passing the air in contact with a first ion exchange resin to absorb CO2 from the air; (b) passing a CO2 sorbent in contact with the first ion exchange resin to transport CO2 to the sorbent; passing the sorbent from step (b) in contact with a weak base anion exchange resin to absorb CO2 from the sorbent; separating the CO2 from the ion exchange resin by heating the ion exchange resin from step (c) whereby to drive off the CO2 from the resin. Alternatively, the ion exchange resin may be washed with water prior to heating.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a method for regenerating a catalyst, the method decreasing the SO2 oxidation rate, which has been increased by Fe and V compounds, of a spent denitration catalyst to an extremely low level, and improves the oxidation activity of the catalyst for metal mercury by the regeneration treatment. [Solving Means] A method for regenerating a catalyst, including steps of immersing a spent denitration catalyst composed mainly of titanium oxide in (a) a mixed aqueous solution containing phosphate ions and oxo-acid ions of one or more elements selected from vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), and tungsten (W), (b) a heteropoly acid compound aqueous solution containing phosphorus and one or more elements selected from V, M, and W, or (c) a mixed aqueous solution containing a phosphate compound and a vanadyl compound, and then drying the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is method for restoring catalytic activity to a hydroprocessing catalyst that has become spent due to its use or to the deposition of carbon thereon. The method includes a carbon reduction step whereby carbon is removed from the spent hydroprocessing catalyst in a controlled manner to within a specifically defined concentration range. Following the carbon removal step, the resulting catalyst, having a reduced concentration of carbon, is subjected to a chelation treatment whereby the resulting carbon-reduced catalyst is contacted with a chelating agent and aged for a time period necessary for realizing the benefit from the controlled carbon reduction step. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst resulting from the chelation treatment is subjected to a sulfurization treatment involving the incorporation of elemental sulfur therein and contacting therewith an olefin.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising the steps of contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component on a support in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the used catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising the steps of contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the used catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst with an isoparaffin-containing stream and Broensted acid in a reaction zone under alkylation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst which has, been deactivated comprising the steps of contacting the used chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a metal hydrogenation catalyst in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst is described. In one embodiment, hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: A method of modifying an alkylation catalyst to reduce the formation of condensed hydrocarbon species thereon. The method comprises providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a plurality of active sites. The plurality of active sites on the alkylation catalyst may include a plurality of weakly acidic active sites, intermediate acidity active sites, and strongly acidic active sites. A base is adsorbed to a portion of the plurality of active sites, such as the strongly acidic active sites, selectively poisoning the strongly acidic active sites. A method of modifying the alkylation catalyst by providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a pore size distribution that sterically constrains formation of the condensed hydrocarbon species on the alkylation catalyst or by synthesizing the alkylation catalyst to comprise a decreased number of strongly acidic active sites is also disclosed, as is a method of improving a regeneration efficiency of the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods for recovering catalyst in an oxygenate to olefin process are provided that include removing a quench tower bottoms stream containing catalyst from a quench tower and passing the catalyst containing stream to a drying chamber, where the catalyst containing stream is dried to produce substantially dried catalyst.

Abstract: A method of regenerating adsorbent material includes providing a spent adsorbent material and contacting the adsorbent material with a solvent composition to facilitate removing oil and impurities from the spent solvent material.

Abstract: A magnetic bead assisted sampling system for a fluid sensor. Magnetic beads are dispersed in a sampling volume for collecting the analyte. The beads are packed into a small volume for pre-concentration of the analyte. A solvent may be applied to the beads to elute the analyte from the beads for movement to an analyzer.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming a titanosilicate from a deactivated or spent oxidation catalyst containing a titanosilicate having deposited thereon one or more catalytic metals, such as gold, and optionally, one or more promoter metals, the method involving treating the deactivated catalyst with an oxidant; contacting the oxidant-treated catalyst with acid, preferably aqua regia; washing the titanosilicate to remove residual acid; and optionally drying and/or calcining. A method of reconstituting an active oxidation catalyst from a spent or deactivated oxidation catalyst, the method involving reclaiming the titanosilicate as noted above, and then depositing one or more catalytic metals and, optionally, one or more promoter metals onto the reclaimed titanosilicate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hydrogenation catalyst comprising metallic palladium supported on activated carbon support, wherein the penetration depth of metallic palladium in the support is at least about 10 ?m and up to about 100 ?m, the crystallite size of palladium is between about 40 ? and about 120 ?, and the palladium in the surface layer from the surface of support to a depth of 1 ?m is from about 5% to about 40% based on the total atom number of palladium and other elements. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing the hydrogenation catalyst, and a use of said hydrogenation catalyst in the purification of crude terephthalic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating a fluid, particularly water, contaminated with organic compounds, organisms, toxic substances, hazardous substances, ammonia, or mixtures thereof, by adsorption with an adsorbent material and regeneration of the purified adsorbent material. The contaminants may be first adsorbed onto the adsorbent material, which is then regenerated by treatment with nanoparticles of at least one transition metal oxide catalyst and at least one oxidant; or the contaminants are adsorbed onto particles of the adsorbent material loaded with at least one transition metal oxide, which is then regenerated by treatment with an oxidant; or the contaminated fluid is treated with an oxidant first and then with particles of the adsorbent material loaded with at least one transition metal oxide. The adsorbed contaminants are converted into environmentally compatible products.

Abstract: A method for treating a catalyst base that comprises a contact area of porous material. A fluid, such as a flue gas stream, can be conducted along the contact area. A catalytically relevant substance is introduced into pores of the catalyst base using a transport fluid and remains on pore wall areas after removal of the transport fluid. The introduction is carried out such that an amount of the catalytically relevant substance relative to the surface remains on the pore wall areas as a function of location within the pore and decreases within the pore after exceeding a specific pore depth. A blocking fluid can first be introduced into pore regions beyond the specific pore depth, thus blocking these regions when transport fluid containing the catalytically relevant substance is introduced.

Abstract: A method of modifying an alkylation catalyst to reduce the formation of condensed hydrocarbon species thereon. The method comprises providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a plurality of active sites. The plurality of active sites on the alkylation catalyst may include a plurality of weakly acidic active sites, intermediate acidity active sites, and strongly acidic active sites. A base is adsorbed to a portion of the plurality of active sites, such as the strongly acidic active sites, selectively poisoning the strongly acidic active sites. A method of modifying the alkylation catalyst by providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a pore size distribution that sterically constrains formation of the condensed hydrocarbon species on the alkylation catalyst or by synthesizing the alkylation catalyst to comprise a decreased number of strongly acidic active sites is also disclosed, as is a method of improving a regeneration efficiency of the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: This application discloses a process for decomposition of ammonium sulfates found in a stream comprising ammonium sulfate and slurry catalyst in oil. The ammonium sulfate is broken down into ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas. These gases have many uses throughout the refinery, including the preparation of slurry hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: A system using electrochemically-activated water (ECAW) for manufacturing, processing, packaging, and dispensing beverages including: (a) using ECAW to neutralize incompatible residues when transitioning from the production of one beverage to another; (b) using ECAW to rehabilitate and disinfect granular activated charcoal beds used in the feed water purification system; (c) producing a carbonated ECAW product and using the carbonated ECAW for system cleaning or disinfecting; (d) using ECAW solutions in the beverage facility clean-in-place system to achieve improved microbial control while greatly reducing water usage and reducing or eliminating the use of chemical detergents and disinfectants; (e) further reducing biofilm growth in the processing system, and purifying ingredient water without the use of chlorine, by adding an ECAW anolyte to the water ingredient feed stream; and/or (f) washing the beverage product bottles or other packages with one or more ECAW solutions prior to packaging.

Abstract: Processes for the alcoholysis, inclusive of transesterification and/or disproportionation, of reactants are disclosed. The alcoholysis process may include feeding reactants and a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound to a reactor comprising a solid alcoholysis catalyst, wherein the soluble organometallic compound and the solid alcoholysis catalyst each independently comprise a Group II to Group VI element, which may be the same element in various embodiments. As an example, diphenyl carbonate may be continuously produced by performing transesterification over a solid catalyst followed by disproportionation, where a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound is fed to the transesterification reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for decoating a used washcoat carrier substrate to produce a clean, inert carrier or substrate. In a preferred embodiment, a process according to the invention includes treating a washcoat catalyst substrate in an aqueous solution including a dispersant, an emulsifier, and at least one of an acid and a base. Alternatively, the first solution may include sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or aluminum bicarbonate. The substrate is also subject to ultrasonic treatment, while treating the substrate in an aqueous solution preferably including a dispersant. The substrate may ultimately be rinsed, for example in deionized water. During treatment, solutions may be agitated, for example by air injection, directed stream of water or other agitation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and an apparatus for regenerating an ionic liquid catalyst, which has been deactivated by conjunct polymers during any type of reaction producing conjunct polymers as a by-product, for example, isoparaffin-olefin alkylation. The system and apparatus are designed such that solvent extraction of conjunct polymers, freed from the ionic liquid catalyst through its reaction with aluminum metal, occurs as soon as the conjunct polymers de-bond from the ionic liquid catalyst.

Abstract: A process to upgrade heavy oil and convert the heavy oil into lower boiling hydrocarbon products is provided. The process employs a catalyst slurry comprising catalyst particles with an average particle size ranging from 1 to 20 microns. In the upgrade process, spent slurry catalyst in heavy oil is generated as an effluent stream, which is subsequently recovered/separated from the heavy oil via membrane filtration. In one embodiment, dynamic filtration is used for the separation of the heavy oil from the catalyst particles. Valuable metals can be recovered from catalyst particles for subsequent re-use in a catalyst synthesis unit, generating a fresh slurry catalyst.

Abstract: A method of recovering unsupported fine catalyst from heavy oil comprises combining a slurry comprising unsupported fine catalyst in heavy oil with solvent to form a combined slurry-solvent stream. The combined slurry-solvent stream is filtered in a deoiling zone. A stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent is recovered from the deoiling zone. Unsupported fine catalyst is separated from the stream comprising unsupported fine catalyst and solvent. The deoiling zone can comprise a membrane that is rapidly displaced in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of rejuvenating silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst that has been deactivated hydrothermally as well as a method of using the rejuvenated catalyst to make an olefin product from an oxygenate feed. In particular, the invention is directed to rejuvenating the catalyst by contacting it with warm water, ammonium salts, dilute acids or low pressure steam until the catalytic activity level of the catalyst has been increased to the desired extent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of rejuvenating silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst that has been deactivated hydrothermally as well as a method of using the rejuvenated catalyst to make an olefin product from an oxygenate feed. In particular, the invention is directed to rejuvenating the catalyst by contacting it with warm water, ammonium salts, dilute acids or low pressure steam until the catalytic activity level of the catalyst has been increased to the desired extent.

Abstract: Catalysts which are prepared by reducing catalyst precursors which comprise a) cobalt and b) one or more elements of the alkali metal group, of the alkaline earth metal group, of the group consisting of the rare earths or zinc or mixtures thereof, the elements a) and b) being present at least partly in the form of their mixed oxides, and a process for the preparation of these catalysts and the use thereof for the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds. Furthermore, a process for regenerating these catalysts by treatment of the catalyst with a liquid is described.

Abstract: An improved Method for the separation of catalyst particles and the wax product from the output slurry of a Fischer-Tropsch bubble column reactor comprising the contact of a hydrocarbon solvent from a cyclic solvent stream with the slurry, wherein the solvent is a hydrocarbon fraction which is pressurized and heated to its supercritical state and the temperature and the pressure of the solvent at the supercritical state are similar to those of the F-T reactor. After the separating of the catalyst from the hydrocarbon mixture of the solvent and the slurry in a catalyst separation section the hydrocarbon solvent and the wax product are separated, whereby the recovered solvent phase is lead to the cyclic solvent stream; which is used after re-pressurizing and re-heating in a supercritical solvent supply module to recycling the hydrocarbon solvent for the contact step. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of recycling a spent flue gas denitration catalyst and a method of determining a washing time of the spent flue gas denitration catalyst. The method of recycling the spent flue gas denitration catalyst includes physically removing solids deposited in the spent flue gas denitration catalyst, removing poisoning substances deposited in the spent flue gas denitration catalyst by washing the spent flue gas denitration catalyst with a washing liquid for a washing time determined by measuring the hydrogen ion concentration of the washing liquid and drying the resulting spent flue gas denitration catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the regeneration of adsorbent medium and the production of additional fatty acid esters, i.e., biofuel, in particular, by means of discharging adsorbed contaminants from an adsorbent medium such as an inorganic catalytic medium by methods that convert the contaminants into additional biofuel or biofuel intermediates, thereby increasing production efficiency, conserving labor, and reducing material waste and environmental contamination.

Abstract: A method of regenerating an adsorbent used to remove nickel and/or vanadium impurities from fuel comprise washing the adsorbent with a low boiling solvent, heating the adsorbent in a device to a temperature of about 300° C. to about 700 C wherein the adsorbent comprises nickel and/or vanadium impurities, and fluidly mixing the adsorbent with a carrier gas stream to remove at least a portion of the nickel and/or vanadium impurities from the adsorbent.

Abstract: Volatile organic compounds, for example organophosphonate compounds including chemical warfare agents, pesticides, and solvents, are decomposed by contacting the compounds with either a manganese oxide catalyst in the presence of visible light or a catalyst material selected from the group consisting of vanadium, vanadium oxide, manganese oxide and mixtures thereof deposited upon a catalyst support that is heated to at least 300 C. The catalyst material may be regenerated by a process selected from the washing with water, washing with a solvent, heating, exposing to light, purging with oxygen, purging with a reactive gas, exposing to microwave radiation, and combinations thereof. The catalyst composition may be used as an air filter in a vehicle, a building or a personnel protection device, such as a gas mask.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine with at least one NOx-absorbent disposed on a unitary monolith substrate, an injector for injecting droplets of a liquid reductant into exhaust gas upstream of the at least one substrate and a means for controlling the injection of reductant in order to regenerate the NOx-absorbent to meet a relevant emission standard. The arrangement of the system being such that droplets of the liquid reductant contact the NOx-absorbent thereby causing localised reduction of NOx.

Abstract: This application discloses a process for decomposition of ammonium sulfates found in a stream comprising ammonium sulfate and slurry catalyst in oil. The ammonium sulfate is broken down into ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas. These gases have many uses throughout the refinery, including the preparation of slurry hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for regenerating titanium-containing catalysts, characterized in that a deactivated catalyst is treated in an acidic solution having a pH value of ?3, and then dried and calcined. The process is simple in procedure and can make the catalytic activity, selectivity and stability of the regenerated catalyst be recovered to the level of its fresh catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to processes and apparatus for the washing and recovery of metal-containing catalyst solids in a form suitable for reclamation. More specifically, a catalyst recovery process comprises removing an organic residue with a washing medium from a metal-containing catalyst solids, recovering washed solids, and treating the washed solids under oxidative conditions to form non-reactive solids. The treatment oxidative conditions may be effective to convert the metal(s) into an oxide form and/or may facilitate the removal of remaining organic residue from the washed solids. The treatment of the washed solids may comprise calcination. In some embodiments, the metal-containing catalyst solids may be recovered from a slurry stream, and the process further comprises passing the slurry stream though a separation unit to obtain a catalyst-enriched retentate slurry.

Abstract: A high temperature denitration catalyst of a gas turbine single plant contains TiO2, at least one of WO3 and MoO3 and V2O5 of 0.5 wt % or less, preferably 0.2 wt % or less, or none of V2O5, and is optimized to be used in a temperature range up to a maximum 450 to 600° C. The used high temperature denitration catalyst is immersed into a V-containing water solution and dried and/or burned. An intermediate temperature denitration catalyst is produced containing a V2O5 component of 0.5 wt % or more, preferably 1.0 wt % or more, and is optimized for use in a temperature range of 250 to 450° C. This intermediate temperature denitration catalyst is re-used in a combined cycle plant after being modified or in other plants.

Abstract: Solvent extraction is used to remove wax and contaminants from an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a natural circulation continuous-flow system. The wax-free catalyst is then subjected to controlled oxidation to convert the iron to its initial oxidized state, Fe2O3. Reactivation of the oxide catalyst precursor is carried out by addition of synthesis gas.

Abstract: Methods and systems for regenerating and pretreating oxides of manganese and precipitation of oxides of manganese from manganese salt solutions. The oxides of manganese and manganese salt solutions are processed utilizing heated aqueous oxidizing solutions at or near boiling at atmospheric pressure. Solution temperature, Eh value and pH value are monitored and adjusted so as to move solution conditions into and to maintain them within the MnO2 stability area. This results in regenerated, pretreated and precipitated oxides of manganese having high or increased pollutant loading capacities and/or oxidation states. Oxides of manganese thus produced are, amongst other uses; suitable for use as a sorbent for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams. Filtrate process streams containing useful and recoverable value present as spectator ions may be further processed to produce useful and marketable by-products.