Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pentavalent vanadium compounds from acid extracts obtained by regenerating spent catalysts which contain vanadium, this process comprising the successive steps of (1) oxidizing extracts containing tri- and tetravalent vanadium with an oxygen-containing gas at a pH of at least 0.7 to 1.4 p.sub.o and at most 2.3-1.4 p.sub.o to form a solution of tetravalent vanadium compounds, and (2) continuing the oxidation at a pH lying in the range of from 3.2-1.4 p.sub.o to 2.3-1.4 p.sub.o to form concentrates of pentavalent vanadium having a partial oxygen pressure, 0.05 MPa.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a deactivated fluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymer catalyst by contacting the deactivated catalyst with a solvent combination wherein a first solvent swells the structure of the polymer and the other acts as a diluent to modify the swelling action of the first. The combination dissolves the deactivating components.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of particulate, activated catalyst masses after the activation of the starting catalyst masses in a gas stream, wherein the particulate, activated catalyst masses are removed from the activation reactor in an inert gas atmosphere into a liquid alcohol or a mixture of two or more alcohols which are straight-chain or branched-chain alcohols containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, stabilizing the catalyst masses by impregnation with the alcohol or the alcohol mixture, optionally storing and/or transporting the alcohol-impregnated catalyst masses, removing excess alcohol, sieving the alcohol-moist catalyst mass, and introducing the catalyst mass into a catalysis reactor to form a catalyst filling.

Abstract: Catalyst solution contaminated during the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing an O-acetyl compound by carbonylating an O-methyl compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and an iodine compound, comprising(i) separating the reaction mixture formed in the carbonylation reaction step into a volatile component and a rhodium-containing catalyst solution,(ii) heat-treating the separated catalyst solution in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas, and(iii) recirculating the hydrogenated catalyst solution to the carbonylation reaction step. According to this invention, it is possible to select a hydrogen treatment condition most suited for recirculation of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulfurizing a catalyst, particularly a refining catalyst comprising a carrier and active metal oxides.In a first step, a sulfur compound mainly consisting of organic polysulfide is introduced into the catalyst mass. A second step consists of first sulfurizing, in the absence of hydrogen, the active metal oxides at a temperature lower than 275.degree. C. and then activating the catalyst at a temperature higher than 275.degree. C.The present invention concerns a process for presulfurizing a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst and/or preconditioning a catalyst in view of subsequent presulfurization.

Abstract: The process has as an object the regeneration catalysts containing at least one contaminating metal of the vanadium, nickel and iron group. The operation is conducted as follows:(a) The catalyst (1) is roasted in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas so as to remove at least 90% of the sulfur;(b) The catalyst obtained in step (a) is contacted with a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution containing at least one organic compound including a polar functional group, so as to remove at least 10% of the deposited metals of the vanadium, nickel and iron group; and(c) The regenerated catalyst (11) is separated from the aqueous solution of metal ions (5). The latter can be regenerated by passage over a complexing resin (6).The process is applicable to the regerneration of used catalysts, particularly to hydrotreatment catalysts in the oil industry.

Abstract: The process of regenerating a soluble, stable molybdenum-containing catalyst suitable for epoxidation of olefins with a hydroperoxide which comprises thermally precipitating and separating a molybdenum-containing solid obtained from a spent catalyst stream derived from a molybdenum catalyzed epoxidation of an olefin and solubilizing the precipitated solid by contacting with a liquid composition comprising an admixture of a monohydroxy alcohol, a polyhydroxy alcohol and an organic peroxide or hydroperoxide, said polyhydroxy alcohol being present in an amount of at least about 2 moles per mole or molybdenum to be solubilized.

Abstract: Heavy residues produced by noble metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions and containing Group VIII noble metals, particularly rhodium, are treated with reagents to precipitate solids containing substantially all of the noble metal contained in the residues. The solids may be further treated to concentrate the noble metals or they may be returned directly for reuse in the carbonylation reaction. Suitable reagents include aliphatic alcohols, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid esters. Preferred are branched-chain alcohols, especially tertiary alcohols; of the acids, acetic acid is particularly preferred; and of the esters, n-butyl acetate and ethylidene diacetate are preferred. Subsequent treatments with other solvents, e.g., alkanes, cycloalkanes, ethers, and aromatic compounds, may be used to further concentrate the rhodium content of the precipitated solids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for recovering catalyst components and, more particularly, to a method for recovering both iodine and noble metal components such as rhodium from tars formed during the preparation of acetic anhydride by the iodine and noble metal catalyzed carbonylation of methyl acetate.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen chemically bound to a zeolite component of a catalytic composition, used in hydroprocessing feedstocks containing nitrogen precursors, including contacting the hydrogen treated used catalyst composition with polar solvents, preferably in the gaseous state, at pressures practically no greater than 100 Torr.

Abstract: Catalyst solution contaminated during the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether, containing carbonyl complexes of rhodium, quaternary heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compounds or quaternary organophosphorus compounds as organic promoters, undistillable organic contaminants, acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate, is purified and recovered.

Abstract: A fluoride-containing platinum on alumina support isomerization catalyst useful for the isomerization of pentane to isopentane can be prepared by a several step treatment of substantially deactivated chloride-containing platinum on alumina support isomerization catalyst. The conversion steps include washing the chloride-containing catalyst to remove substantially all chloride ions, fluorinating the washed material with an aqueous florinating agent, then drying the fluorinated catalyst. Isomerization process employing the catalyst thus prepared is also provided.

Abstract: The process of regenerating a stable organic soluble molybdenum-containing catalyst suitable for epoxidation of olefins with a hydroperoxide which comprises thermally precipitating and separating a molybdenum-containing solid obtained from a spent catalyst stream derived from a molybdenum catalyzed epoxidation of an olefin and solubilizing the precipitated solid by contacting with a liquid composition comprising a peroxy compound, a monohydroxy alcohol, optionally a polyhydroxy alcohol, and an organic dicarboxylic acid present in an amount of at least about 0.2 parts, by weight, of molybdenum contained in said solid.

Abstract: Sorbents used for drying organic liquid process streams can be regenerated by passing an organic liquid carrier solvent such as n-octanol therethrough at a temperature sufficient to dissolve water trapped in the sorbent, thus regenerating it, and subsequently cooling the organic liquid carrier solvent/water solution such that it separates out allowing recycle of the organic liquid. This method of sorbent regeneration allows the use of low grade heat for regeneration thus improving the viability of sorbent drying plant.

Abstract: In this process for recovering noble metals of group VIII from a contaminated catalyst solution originating from the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether (the catalyst solution containing carbonyl complexes of these noble metals, organic or inorganic promoters, undistillable organic contaminants as well as volatiles) the volatiles are distillatively removed from the catalyst solution and the remaining distillation residue is water-treated, whereby the noble metal/carbonyl-complex is precipitated together with the organic contaminants and is separated from the aqueous phase, while the promotor is dissolved and recovered in conventional manner. The noble metals are then set free in elemental form by subjecting the noble metal/carbonyl-complex separated and contaminated with organic polymers at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. to treatment with an ethyleneglycoldialkylether solvent of the formula R(--OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for purifying and recovering a contaminated catalyst solution which is obtained in the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether, the catalyst solution containing carbonyl complexes of noble metals of group VIII of the Periodic System of the elements, quaternary heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compounds or quaternary organophosphorus compounds as organic promoters, and optionally compounds of carbonyl-yielding common metals as inorganic promoters, undistillable organic contaminants as well as acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate.

Abstract: Described is a process for removing arsenic from petroliferous derived liquids by contacting said liquid at an elevated temperature with a divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene having catechol ligands anchored thereon.Also, described is a process for regenerating spent catecholated polystyrene by removal of the arsenic bound to it from contacting petroliferous liquid as described above and involves:a. treating said spent catecholated polystyrene, at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of at least one carbonate and/or bicarbonate of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metals, said solution having a pH between about 8 and 10 and,b. separating the solids and liquids from each other. Preferably the regeneration treatment is in two steps wherein step (a) is carried out with an aqueous alcoholic carbonate solution containing lower alkyl alcohol, and, steps (a) and (b) are repeated using a bicarbonate.

Abstract: A novel method is provided for regenerating deactivated crystalline zeolite catalysts at low temperature. The organic residue is contacted with a source of alkali or alkaline earth metal cations, or a source of ammonia, and the organic residue, including nitrogenous compounds, is extracted with an organic solvent. The method is particularly useful with deactivated ZSM-5 type dewaxing catalyst.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a process for regenerating silver-containing carrier catalysts used in the preparation of ethylene oxide which comprises treating a deactivated catalyst with a solution comprising a potassium, rubidium, or cesium compound and a reducing agent. The subject process provides improved catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: A process for passivating metals in a cracking operation comprising treating the cracking catalyst with antimony tris(hydroxyhydrocarbylthiolate).

Abstract: A method for improving the activity of a used supported silver catalyst, used for the manufacture of ethylene oxide by reaction of ethylene with oxygen or air, which method consists essentially of:(a) impregnating said used catalyst at a temperature from 80.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. and for 0.75 hour to 10 hours with an impregnating solution containing water, a water-miscible organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, at least one compound of cesium, rubidium, or of cesium and rubidium in an amount providing from 50 mg to 1000 mg per kilogram of solution, said solution containing from 5 to 50 percent by weight of water;(b) separating the impregnated catalyst from excess impregnating solution; and(c) drying the impregnated catalyst.

Abstract: Tarry residues often are formed in carbonylation reactions, such as those in which esters or ethers are carbonylated to produce ethylidene diacetate or carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as acetic anhydride. Such residues contain Group VIII noble metal catalysts, typically rhodium, which must be separated before the residues can be disposed of. In the process of the invention, the residues are extracted with solvents which preferentially dissolve the tars. Preferred solvents include alkanes, cycloalkanes, halogenated alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, and toluene. Separation of the residues from the noble metal catalyst by solvent extraction makes possible the disposal of the residues and the return of the noble metals to the reaction for reuse.

Abstract: Tarry residues often are formed in carbonylation reactions, such as those in which esters or ethers are carbonylated to produce ethylidene diacetate or carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as acetic anhydride. Such residues contain Group VIII noble metal catalysts, typically rhodium, which must be separated before the residues can be disposed of. In the process of the invention, a portion of the carbonylation reaction mixture is flashed to a lower pressure and the resulting residues-containing liquid is extracted with solvents which preferentially remove the tars. The tars are separated from the solvents and disposed of while the solvents are recycled for further use. The catalyst-containing liquid is processed to remove residual solvent and returned to the carbonylation reaction.

Abstract: Spent filter clay used in the removal of contaminating organic polar-type compounds from petroleum distillates is regenerated by flushing the spent filter clay with liquid methanol and recovering and recycling the contaminated wash methanol without distillation through the filter for additional flushing of the contaminants from the clay.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for purifying and recovering a contaminated catalyst solution which is obtained in the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether, the catalyst solution containing carbonyl complexes of noble metals of group VIII of the Periodic System of the elements, quaternary heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compounds or quaternary organophosphorus compounds as organic promoters, undistillable organic contaminants as well as acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate.