Abstract: Hydropyrolysis processes that accompany the generation of activated carbon as an end product, as well as processes for the production of activated carbon from hydropyrolysis char, are described. Representative processes comprise upgrading, by steam activation, char that is formed from solid biomass-containing feedstocks and/or solid biomass derived feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic feedstocks (e.g., wood). Such processes are associated with a number of advantages in terms of achieving operating synergies, obtaining desirable intermediate material and end product properties, reducing environmental impact, and significantly improving economic attractiveness.

Abstract: In various aspects, apparatuses and methods are provided for low pressure drop gas separations. In PSA processes, where there are large swings in pressure and corresponding swings in fluid velocity through the adsorbent, mechanical stresses during pressure cycling are of considerable concern. When that pressure is relieved in a lower pressure portion of the cycle, the high velocity of gas moving through the adsorbent bed can erode, strip away, or otherwise damage the channels within the adsorbent. Provided herein are methods which utilize flexible boundaries between adsorbent beds that are operated out of phase with one another. The flexible boundaries permit an increase in void space through the adsorbent during high pressure stages of the cycle and a decrease in void space through the adsorbent during low pressure stages of the cycle.

Abstract: Embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter include methods for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials from a lignin and/or source thereof. Exemplary methods comprise a process of thermal treating a lignin and/or source thereof in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize graphene nanosheets.

Abstract: A method for recycling rubber tires includes mixing the rubber tires and a hydrophobic ionic liquid in a vessel. The hydrophobic ionic liquid is heated to an elevated vapor temperature to produce dissolved components from the rubber tires. A precipitate is produced from at least some of the dissolved components.

Abstract: Provided are: forming an oxycarbonitride film, an oxycarbide film or an oxide film on a substrate by alternately performing a specific number of times: forming a first layer containing the specific element, nitrogen and carbon, on the substrate, by alternately performing a specific number of times, supplying a first source containing the specific element and a halogen-group to the substrate in a processing chamber, and supplying a second source containing the specific element and an amino-group to the substrate in the processing chamber; and forming a second layer by oxidizing the first layer by supplying an oxygen-containing gas, and an oxygen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas to the substrate in the processing chamber.

Abstract: A method for forming activated carbon comprises forming a feedstock mixture from a carbon feedstock and a chemical activating agent, and heating the feedstock mixture with microwaves in a plurality of successive heating steps to react the carbon feedstock with the chemical activating agent and form activated carbon. Step-wise heating can be used to efficiently control the microwave activation process.

Abstract: Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) technology is an energy efficient approach for storing NG at room temperature and low pressure. ANG technology can be applied to several aspects of the NG industry. The usage of an adsorbent material in natural gas storage and transport may provide increased storage density of NG at a given pressure and decreased pressure of gaseous fuel at a given gas density. Such adsorbent materials have been shown to store substantial quantities of natural gas at relatively modest pressures. Because lower-pressure vessels can be far less expensive than comparable sized high-pressure vessels, ANG based storage can be used to lower the cost of storing natural gas in various applications.

Abstract: A novel method to increase volumetric hydrogen storage capacity for Pt/AC materials, which comprises a material providing step, an acid washing step, a glucose mixing step, a pellet pressing step combining liquefaction and carbonization, a impurity removing step, a mixed solution introducing step, and a washing and filtering step to provide a method for high quality hydrogen storage material production by supporting platinum on active carbon.

Abstract: A support impregnated with selenium and capable of effectively removing a heavy metal from a process stream that is at an ambient temperature or is at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Enhanced methods for preparing activated carbons have been discovered. In order to form an activated carbon, a carbon precursor material is coated with a phosphorus based chemical solution and physically activated. An activated carbon may also be formed by coating a green carbon precursor with a chemical solution that chemically reacts with carbon, carbonizing the resulting material, and physically activating the material during at least a portion of the carbonizing step. An activated carbon may also be formed by milling a carbon material to a predetermined particle size, then activating the milled particles. In another enhancement, an activated carbon is formed by coating a carbon or carbon precursor with nanoparticles, carbonizing if the carbon is a carbon precursor, then catalytically activating in air and an inert gas, and physically activating in steam or carbon dioxide. An activated carbon may also be formed by physically activating a previously chemically activated carbon.

Abstract: The sequential production of a library of N different solids, in particular heterogeneous catalysts, where N within a day is an integer of at least 2, is performed by a) producing at least two different sprayable solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions of elements and/or element compounds of the chemical elements present in the catalyst and optionally of dispersions of inorganic support materials, b) continuously metering the at least two different solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions in a predefined ratio into a mixing apparatus in which the solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions are homogeneously mixed, c) continuously drying the mixture removed from the mixing apparatus and recovering the dried mixture, d) changing the ratios in step b) and repeating steps b), c) and d) (N?1) times until N different dried mixtures are obtained, e) optionally shaping and optionally calcining the mixtures to give the solids.

Abstract: Sorbents comprising activated carbon particles, sulfur, and metal catalyst. The sorbents may be used, for example, for the removal of a contaminant, such as mercury, from a fluid stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of making and using activated carbon-containing coated substrates, and products made therefrom.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful for removing toxic industrial compounds from air are disclosed, wherein said composition comprises a mixture of hydrous metal oxide and graphite oxide. In a most preferred embodiment the composition comprises a mixture of zirconium hydroxide and graphene oxide.

Abstract: A method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of mixing a plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture, applying a magnetic force to the mixture to attract the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material, and removing said plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material from said body of water while maintaining the applied magnetic force, wherein the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes: porous partition walls having a large number of pores and disposed to form a plurality of cells communicating between two end faces, and plugged portions disposed to plug each of the cells on one of the end faces. A percentage of the number of carbon particulates contained in combustion exhaust gas satisfying the following condition (1) and passing through a honeycomb structure is 80% or more at a space velocity of 25000/h. The condition (1) is that the carbon particulates has a mean diameter of 0.07 to 0.2 ?m, a ratio of the carbon particulates having a diameter of 1 ?m or more is 0.1% or less in number and that a concentration of the carbon particulates is 10 mg/m3. The honeycomb structure is excellent in purification efficiency, has low pressure loss, and is mountable even in a limited space.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of making and using activated carbon-containing coated substrates, and products made therefrom.

Abstract: Fibrous materials composed of activated carbon fibers and methods for their preparation are described. Electrodes comprising the fibrous materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method produces activated carbon, suitable in particular for use in double-layer condensers. The method includes a) producing a mixture of a preferably pulverulent carbon material, a base and a hydrophilic polymer chemically inert to the base, b) pressing the mixture produced in step a) to form a pressing and c) activating the pressed body produced in step b).

Abstract: Activated carbon materials and methods of producing and using activated carbon materials are provided. In particular, biomass-derived activated carbon materials and processes of producing the activated carbon materials with prespecified surface areas and pore size distributions are provided. Activated carbon materials with preselected high specific surface areas, porosities, sub-nm (<1 nm) pore volumes, and supra-nm (1-5 nm) pore volumes may be achieved by controlling the degree of carbon consumption and metallic potassium intercalation into the carbon lattice during the activation process.

Abstract: Process for producing activated carbon having a high catalytic activity, in which a carbonaceous material is brought into contact with nitrogen compounds, wherein the carbonaceous material is partially gasified with a mixture of steam, nitrogen and CO2 at temperatures above 800° C. in a manner known per se in a multistage fluidized bed and wherein a nitrogen compound is added into the furnace and/or at least one stage of the multistage fluidized bed.

Abstract: A batch composition for making a highly porous honeycomb ceramic catalytic filter article, including base inorganic components including a mixture of a nano-zeolite powder, and an inorganic filler, in amounts defined herein; and super additives including: a mixture of at least two pore formers; a binder; and a metal salt, in amounts defined herein. Also disclosed are extruded catalyst filter articles and methods for making the articles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method for a granular carbon mesoporous structure. The preparation method includes the steps of preparing a powdered composite of silica-carbon precursor-pore forming agent by using a mixture including a silica precursor, a carbon precursor and a pore forming agent, preparing a molded precursor by mixing the composite with an organic additive, preparing a granular molded article by extruding or injection-molding the molded precursor, calcinating the molded article, and etching silica included in the calcinated molded article.

Abstract: A method for preparing a precursor solution for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, where a polar solvent is added to at least one block copolymer and at least one carbohydrate compound, and the precursor solution is processed using a self-assembly process and subsequent heating to form nanoporous carbon films, porous carbon nanotubes, and porous carbon nanoparticles.

Abstract: A two-cycle thermal process for making porous activated carbon materials involves a first step of heating a mixture of a carbon precursor/chemical additive in a first heating cycle at a first temperature to cause gas liberation and volumetric expansion of the mixture, and heating the carbon material produced in the first step in a second heating cycle at a second temperature to carbonize and activate the carbon precursor. During the second cycle, essentially no gas liberation or volumetric expansion is observed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing activated carbon, in particular spherical activated carbon, wherein particles are carbonized from an organic precursor substance, wherein the activated carbon obtained from the particles is shock-chilled after carbonization, the temperature gradient being more than 100 K/min.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coordination complex system comprising a ligand having at least two donor moieties, which are complexed to at least a metal selected from a transition metal and lanthanide, characterized in that the ligand comprises at least two building blocks, each having at least one functional group and at least one donor moiety, wherein one building block is non-covalently bonded through its functional group to a complementary functional group of another building block or of a template, wherein the template comprises at least one other functional group that is noncovalently bonded to a complementary functional group of another building block, and wherein all building blockemplate-building block structures are the same when the template contains more than two functional groups.

Abstract: A method for producing a halogenated activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form a mixture, heating the mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce an activated carbon material, and treating the activated carbon material with a halogen source to form a halogenated activated carbon material. The halogenated activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: A method of making a filter material for producing potable water comprises providing activated carbon particles, depositing one or more nanofilament precursors at least partially onto the surface of the activated carbon particles, agitating the activated carbon particles and deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor, and heating the activated carbon particles and the deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor at a temperature and time sufficient to produce the filter material comprising activated carbon particles having carbon nanofilaments on the surface of the particles.

Abstract: Porous carbon materials and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. One method includes forming a carbon-metal oxide composite by heating a coordination polymer to form a carbon-metal oxide composite, and then removing the metal oxide from the carbon-metal oxide composite. The porous carbon material has an average pore diameter ranging from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, and a d002 ranging from about 3.35 to 3.50 ?.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing spherical activated carbon, wherein polymer globules, which comprise thermally decomposing chemical groups, are carbonized. It is characterized by that during the carbonization, a supplier of free radicals is added to the polymer globules, the supplier of free radicals forming free radicals, which are different from the free radicals that are generated by the decomposition of the chemical groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing spherical activated carbon, wherein polymer globules, which comprise thermally decomposing chemical groups, are carbonized. It is characterized by that during the carbonization, a supplier of free radicals is added to the polymer globules, the supplier of free radicals forming free radicals, which are different from the free radicals that are generated by the decomposition of the chemical groups.

Abstract: The invention concerns a carbonaceous sorbent in powder or grain form for the dry cleaning of waste gases from thermal processes. The sorbent includes carbon adsorbents from the group of activated carbon and/or brown coal cokes which are modified with sulfur and/or sulfur compounds. The sorbent is distinguished in that the specific surface area of the carbon adsorbents in m2/g in relation to the pore volume of the micropores in cm3/g is between 2400 and 2700.

Abstract: A method for producing a low oxygen content activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form an aqueous mixture, heating the aqueous mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce a second carbon material, and heating the second carbon material in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form the low oxygen content activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: A system and method for producing activated carbon comprising carbonizing a solid carbonaceous material in a carbonization zone of an activated carbon production apparatus (ACPA) to yield a carbonized product and carbonization product gases, the carbonization zone comprising carbonaceous material inlet, char outlet and carbonization gas outlet; activating the carbonized product via activation with steam in an activation zone of the ACPA to yield activated carbon and activation product gases, the activation zone comprising activated carbon outlet, activation gas outlet, and activation steam inlet; and utilizing process gas comprising at least a portion of the carbonization product gases or a combustion product thereof; at least a portion of the activation product gases or a combustion product thereof; or a combination thereof in a solid fuel boiler system that burns a solid fuel boiler feed with air to produce boiler-produced steam and flue gas, the boiler upstream of an air heater within a steam/electricity g

Abstract: Epoxidation catalyst based on titanium zeolite in the form of extruded granules. Use of this catalyst in the synthesis of epoxides, preferably 1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane or 1,2-epoxypropane, by reacting an olefinic compound, preferably allyl chloride or propylene, with a peroxide compound, preferably hydrogen peroxide. Process for the preparation of an epoxide, preferably 1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane or 1,2-epoxypropane, by reacting an olefinic compound, preferably allyl chloride or propylene, with a peroxide compound, preferably hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of the aforementioned catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of making and using activated carbon-containing coated substrates, and products made therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making activated carbon having BET surface area up to 2000 m2/g with pore diameter in the range 17-21 ? suitable for fabricating fuel cell and ultracapacitor electrode from coconut shell by treating carbon granules obtained from coconut shells with chemical activating agents like zinc chloride or potassium hydroxide at the room temperature range 500-800° C. in a dynamic flow of gases like N2 or CO2 for 6-24 h followed by a specific cooling pattern to room temperature. Use of such activated carbon enables the fabrication of high performance ultracapacitor electrodes in H2SO4 as exemplified by capacitance values like 180 F/g without the use of any normal metal additives such as RuO2 or IrO2.

Abstract: A method of producing activated carbon fibers (ACFs) includes the steps of providing a natural carbonaceous precursor fiber material, blending the carbonaceous precursor material with a chemical activation agent to form chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers, spinning the chemical agent-impregnated precursor material into fibers, and thermally treating the chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers. The carbonaceous precursor material is both carbonized and activated to form ACFs in a single step. The method produces ACFs exclusive of a step to isolate an intermediate carbon fiber.

Abstract: A process, system and sorbent for removal of mercury from a combustion exhaust gas stream in a combustion exhaust gas purification scheme that includes a combustion exhaust scrubber system that uses an aqueous liquid to remove acid gases from the combustion exhaust gas. A powdered mercury sorbent is used. The sorbent is introduced into the aqueous scrubber liquid in the scrubber system. After introduction of the mercury sorbent into the scrubber liquid, at least some of the mercury sorbent is separated from the scrubber liquid.

Abstract: Nanoporous activated carbon material having a high specific capacitance in EDLCs and controlled oxygen content, and methods for making such activated carbon material. Reduction of oxygen content is achieved by (a) curing a carbon precursor/additive mixture in an inert or reducing environment, and/or (b) refining (heating) activated carbon material after synthesis in an inert or reducing environment. The inert or reducing environment used for curing or refining is preferably substantially free of oxygen.

Abstract: A carbon fiber having a total content of Li, Na, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni and Co metal elements of no more than 50 ppm and a fiber diameter of 0.001 to 2 ?m and not branched and a assembly of a plurality of the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a product of activated carbon fiber supporting silver has the steps of: a) Impregnate activated carbon fibers in a silver acetate solution under a vacuum condition for a predetermined time to deposit silver on surfaces of the activated carbon fibers via a chemical reaction. And then, dry the activated carbon fibers to remove water therein. b) Heat the activated carbon fibers in a stove filled with protective gas to break the silver on the activated carbon fibers into very fine grains, and c) wash the activated carbon fibers to remove redundant sliver from the surfaces of the activated carbon fibers.

Abstract: A method for treating saturated activated coke comprises the following steps: A) The saturated activated coke is subjected to a dehydration treatment so that the water content in the activated coke is ?25%; B) The product obtained from step A is dried at a starting temperature of 120° C.-150° C.; C) The product obtained from step B is subjected to dry distillation and the condition of the dry distillation is that: by heating to a final temperature for the drying of 500° C.-600° C. at a speed of 4° C.-10° C./min and maintaining for 10-60 minutes, the organics adsorbed on the surface and in the pores of the activated coke is cracked, volatilized and carbonized; D) The product obtained from step C is activated and the activation condition is that: after heating to 800° C.-950° C. at 2° C.-8° C./min, a stream is supplied, wherein the weight ratio of the activated coke to the stream is 1:0.5-5 and the activation time is 0.5-2 h. The activated coke after several times of treatment can be used as the fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing granular, particularly spherical activated carbon by carbonization of suitable carbonaceous polymers in the form of polymer granules, in particular polymer spherules, as a starting material, which are convertible by carbonization into carbon at least essentially, wherein the polymer granules, in particular the polymer spherules, are continuously moved through a carbonization apparatus comprising a plurality of temperature zones and/or a temperature gradient so that an at least essentially complete conversion of the starting material to carbon is effected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst composite containing a metal catalyst and a specifically defined carbon support containing a carbonaceous material. For example, the carbon support may have a total pore surface area of about 800 m2/g or more and about 2,000 m2/g or less where about 20% or less of the total pore surface area is micro pore surface area. Alternatively the carbon support may have a total pore volume of at least about 0.75 cc/g where about 15% or less of the total pore volume is micro pore volume. Alternatively, the carbon support may have a phosphorus content of about 0.75% by weight or less. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the catalyst composite.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus including a fluid storage and dispensing vessel having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and an integrated gas cabinet assembly including such fluid storage and dispensing apparatus and/or a point-of-use ventilation gas scrubber in the vented gas cabinet. By the use of physical adsorbent and chemical sorbent media, the gas cabinet can be enhanced in safety of operation, e.g., where the process gas supplied from the gas cabinet is of a toxic or otherwise hazardous character.

Abstract: A method for low-cost arsenic removal from drinking water using chemically prepared bottom ash pre-treated with ferrous sulfate and then sodium hydroxide. Deposits on the surface of particles of bottom ash form of activated iron adsorbent with a high affinity for arsenic. In laboratory tests, a miniscule 5 grams of pre-treated bottom ash was sufficient to remove the arsenic from 2 liters of 2400 ppb (parts per billion) arsenic-laden water to a level below 50 ppb (the present United States Environmental Protection Agency limit). By increasing the amount of pre-treated bottom ash, even lower levels of post-treatment arsenic are expected. It is further expected that this invention supplies a very low-cost solution to arsenic poisoning for large population segments.

Abstract: A porous mullite composition is made by Forming a mixture of one or more precursor compounds having the elements present in mullite (e.g., clay, alumina, silica) and a property enhancing compound. The property enhancing compound is a compound having an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, B, Y, Sc, La and combination thereof. The mixture is shaped and to form a porous green shape which is heated under an atmosphere having a fluorine containing gas to a temperature sufficient to form a mullite composition comprised substantially of acicular mullite grains that are essentially chemically bound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fibrous activated carbon wherein fine pores in the surface of the activated carbon have diameters of 0.1-200 nm and the activated carbon is in the form of fiber having a fiber diameter of not more than 1000 nm.