Abstract: Sorbent compositions including sorbent particles of a small particle sized sorbent with increased pneumatic conveyance properties. The sorbent compositions have relatively small median particle size and have a controlled particle size distribution (PSD). Specifically, the sorbent compositions include a relatively small percentage of very fine particles, such as a small percentage of particles having a particle size of not greater than about 5 ?m. The sorbent compositions are particularly useful for the treatment of a flue gas stream to remove mercury from the flue gas stream.

Abstract: Disclosed are an adsorption process whereby a fluorocarboxylic acid having an ether bond can be adsorbed to a high extent by using active carbon without changing the form thereof, and a desorption process whereby the adsorbed material can be desorbed from the active carbon to thereby enable the reuse of the active carbon and the adsorbed material. In the aforesaid processes, a solution containing a fluorocarboxylic acid having an ether bond is contacted with active carbon and thus the active carbon is allowed to adsorb the fluorocarboxylic acid, to thereby give a solution having a small fluorocarboxylic acid content. Then, the active carbon having adsorbed the fluorocarboxylic acid is heated to thereby desorbs the fluorocarboxylic acid from the active carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method of producing activated carbon. Dregs are removed from a pulp mill green liquor clarifier and washed with an acid to produce an activated carbon. The activated carbon slurry can be used to remove mercury from a waste gas stream.

Abstract: A system for activating carbonaceous material including a carbonaceous material feedstock unit for producing a carbonaceous material of less than 5% mineral content; a digestion unit in communication with the carbonaceous material feedstock unit; an acid feedstock unit in communication with the digestion unit for providing an acid mixture solution; a separation unit in communication with the digestion unit for separating the digested carbonaceous material from the acid mixture solution; a dryer unit in communication with the separation unit for drying the digested carbonaceous material and separating the carbonaceous material; and a thermal unit for activating the carbonaceous material to produce activated carbonaceous material, the thermal unit having an inlet for receiving the carbonaceous material from the dryer unit and an outlet for exiting the activated carbonaceous material from thermal unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing an oil absorbent composition. The method comprises heating and then de-mineralising a precursor plant material under conditions suitable to produce an oil absorbent composition comprising charcoal. The invention extends to oil absorbent compositions per se, such as charcoal-based compositions, and to various uses of the compositions for efficiently and rapidly absorbing spilled oil, for example from water surfaces, or from bituminous sands.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method for obtaining particulate calcium carbonate and activated carbon particles and methods for using same, and more particularly, to a method for obtaining activated carbon particles having an average particle size less than about 12 microns from a pulp mill.

Abstract: A method for producing a low oxygen content activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form an aqueous mixture, heating the aqueous mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce a second carbon material, and heating the second carbon material in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form the low oxygen content activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: In the present, a procedure of obtaining adsorbent from a waste material and its use are disclosed. This invention provides a natural waste material, specifically avocado seed, its preparation and use for the filling of columns used in the elimination of contaminants present in wastewater. The particles have an irregular shape and variable size for filling columns of different diameter and length. The adsorbent has the sufficient hardness for avoiding a particle collapse. The material does not rot, is re-generable and ecological. In the present invention the preparation of the adsorbent, its pre-activation, carbonization and application to eliminate the color of textile wastewater is disclosed. The color elimination from textile wastewater, as well as decrease of salts, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), is carried out passing the textile wastewater through a column filled with the prepared adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method for obtaining particulate calcium carbonate and activated carbon particles and methods for using same, and more particularly, to a method for obtaining activated carbon particles having an average particle size less than about 12 microns from a pulp mill.

Abstract: An acid-impregnated activated carbon matrix is formed from a carbonaceous material by the addition of a mineral acid, and may be used to chemisorb ammonia from a gas stream. The ammonia reacts with the acid to form a fertilizer salt. The spent matrix may be used as a fertilizer, or the fertilizer salt may be elutriated from the matrix.

Abstract: A method of making a filter material for producing potable water comprises providing activated carbon particles, depositing one or more nanofilament precursors at least partially onto the surface of the activated carbon particles, agitating the activated carbon particles and deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor, and heating the activated carbon particles and the deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor at a temperature and time sufficient to produce the filter material comprising activated carbon particles having carbon nanofilaments on the surface of the particles.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbon membrane comprising: (i) reacting a mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose with an acid; (ii) casting the mixture to form a film, (iii) drying said film; and (iv) carbonizing said film.

Abstract: In the present, a procedure of obtaining adsorbent from a waste material and its use are disclosed. This invention provides a natural waste material, specifically avocado seed, its preparation and use for the filling of columns used in the elimination of contaminants present in wastewater. The particles have an irregular shape and variable size for filling columns of different diameter and length. The adsorbent has the sufficient hardness for avoiding a particle collapse. The material does not rot, is re-generable and ecological. In the present invention the preparation of the adsorbent, its pre-activation, carbonization and application to eliminate the color of textile wastewater is disclosed. The color elimination from textile wastewater, as well as decrease of salts, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), is carried out passing the textile wastewater through a column filled with the prepared adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making activated carbon having BET surface area up to 2000 m2/g with pore diameter in the range 17-21 ? suitable for fabricating fuel cell and ultracapacitor electrode from coconut shell by treating carbon granules obtained from coconut shells with chemical activating agents like zinc chloride or potassium hydroxide at the room temperature range 500-800° C. in a dynamic flow of gases like N2 or CO2 for 6-24 h followed by a specific cooling pattern to room temperature. Use of such activated carbon enables the fabrication of high performance ultracapacitor electrodes in H2SO4 as exemplified by capacitance values like 180 F/g without the use of any normal metal additives such as RuO2 or IrO2.

Abstract: The invention concerns high performance adsorbents based on activated carbon of high microporosity which are present in the form of discrete grains of activated carbon, preferably in spherical form, and which are characterized by the following parameters: a Gurvich total pore volume of at least 0.7 cm3/g, at least 70% of this total pore volume being formed by micropores having pore diameters of ?20 ?, a measure of central tendency pore diameter of not more than 30 ?, and a BET surface area of at least 1500 m2/g. These high performance adsorbents are particularly useful for the adsorption of toxins, noxiants and odors, in particular from gas or to be more precise air streams, for purifying or cleaning gases, such as in particular air, for application in medicine or to be more precise pharmacy and as sorptive storage media for gases, in particular hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for treating saturated activated coke comprises the following steps: A) The saturated activated coke is subjected to a dehydration treatment so that the water content in the activated coke is ?25%; B) The product obtained from step A is dried at a starting temperature of 120° C.-150° C.; C) The product obtained from step B is subjected to dry distillation and the condition of the dry distillation is that: by heating to a final temperature for the drying of 500° C.-600° C. at a speed of 4° C.-10° C./min and maintaining for 10-60 minutes, the organics adsorbed on the surface and in the pores of the activated coke is cracked, volatilized and carbonized; D) The product obtained from step C is activated and the activation condition is that: after heating to 800° C.-950° C. at 2° C.-8° C./min, a stream is supplied, wherein the weight ratio of the activated coke to the stream is 1:0.5-5 and the activation time is 0.5-2 h. The activated coke after several times of treatment can be used as the fuel.

Abstract: A novel electrode and method of making the same. The electrode includes activated carbon that has been modified by treatment with an alkali solution and an acid, such as nitric acid, and then washed and dried. The carbon may then be annealed. The method of modifying the activated carbon helps produce an electrode with considerably higher electric capacity and stable electric characteristics. Additionally, the electrodes may be produced more quickly and inexpensively and, therefore, permits their production of electrodes that are used for superconductors.

Abstract: This invention provides an anion adsorbing carbon material which is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and excellent in the anion adsorption, as well as a manufacturing method and a manufacturing facilities for the same. This invention is characterized in that a raw material which comprises plant(s) is contacted with a solution including calcium ions, and after that, carbonized, and subsequently, contacted with an acid solution.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition is disclosed, which includes an activated carbon and a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is prepared by immersing an activated carbon in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is used for purifying aqueous solutions by providing a bed of the activated carbon composition and passing the aqueous solution through the bed of the activated carbon composition. The aqueous solution is passed through the bed such that the flow of the aqueous solution to be purified into the bed and the flow of purified aqueous solution from the bed has a pH differential less than ±1 pH.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a specific process for producing activated carbon in spherical form, starting with organic polymer spherules based on styrene and divinylbenzene, wherein said polymer spherules contain chemical groups leading to the formation of free radicals and thus to cross-linkages by their thermal decomposition, in particular sulfonic acid groups. Furthermore, various application purposes for the thus-produced activated carbon spherules are named.

Abstract: A novel electrode and method of making the same. The electrode includes activated carbon that has been modified by treatment with an alkali solution and an acid, such as nitric acid, and then washed and dried. The carbon may then be annealed. The method of modifying the activated carbon helps produce an electrode with considerably higher electric capacity and stable electric characteristics. Additionally, the electrodes may be produced more quickly and inexpensively and, therefore, permits their production of electrodes that are used for superconductors.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus, including a fluid storage and dispensing vessel having an interior volume, in which the interior volume contains a physical adsorbent sorptively retaining a fluid thereon and from which the fluid is desorbable for dispensing from the vessel, and a dispensing assembly coupled to the vessel for dispensing desorbed fluid from the vessel. The physical adsorbent includes a monolithic carbon physical adsorbent that is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics: (a) a fill density measured for arsine gas at 25° C. and pressure of 650 torr that is greater than 400 grams arsine per liter of adsorbent; (b) at least 30% of overall porosity of the adsorbent including slit-shaped pores having a size in a range of from about 0.3 to about 0.72 nanometer, and at least 20% of the overall porosity including micropores of diameter <2 nanometers; and (c) having been formed by pyrolysis and optional activation, at temperature(s) below 1000° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activated carbon produced by a process, which includes: activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a filter, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a shaped article, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing activated carbon, which includes activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid, to obtain the activated carbon.

Abstract: An activated carbon which is prepared from granular isotropic pitch.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode made of carbon, a process for producing an electrode and a carbonizable composite are provided. Thin, flat, porous gas diffusion electrodes made of carbon, which have a smooth surface and in which the porosity can be regulated at will, are obtained by pyrolysis of a composite of an organic polymer having a spatial globular structure (SGS polymer) and a reinforcing skeleton formed at least in part of organic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a phosphorus treated activated carbon composition suitable for use as a catalyst support, a catalyst, and an adsorbent. The invention method involves treating (e., mixing or impregnating) an activated carbon material having a surface area greater than 100 m2/g with a phosphorus-containing compound, drying, and heating to a temperature of from 450° C. to about 1200° C., wherein the resulting composition is characterized by a phosphorus compound combined with the carbon in an amount of from above 2.5% to about 10% phosphorus, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: A process is provided for reducing the inherent carbon catalytic reactivity of carbonaceous chars. In this process a carbonaceous char is contacted first with a Bronsted acid. The acid-treated char is then heated to temperatures greater than 750° C. By this method the inherent catalytic reactivity of the carbon in the char is reduced effectively and largely irreversibly.

Abstract: An activated carbon and method of producing and using same. Pecan hulls are fractured to produce a particle size of less than a predetermined size (e.g., 75 microns), chemically activated in an acid solution, carbonized, and washed.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing random oligomers can be used to synthesize compounds to screen for desired properties. The use of identification tags on the oligomers facilitates identification of oligomers with desired properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high energy density double layer energy storage devices.

Abstract: A process is described for the manufacture of activated carbon in the form of a powder, as granules or as extrudates. The process includes treating a biomass feedstock, such as woods, coconut shells, fruit pits, peats, lignites and all ranks of coal with a processing agent and an activation agent. The processing agent may be a natural or synthetic monomer, oligomer, polymer or mixtures thereof capable of interacting or co-polymerizing with the biomass feedstock. The activation agent may be, for example, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride or mixtures thereof. A high surface area, high hardness extruded activated carbon may be produced by this process. The activated carbon is generally characterized by a BET surface area between 600-2500 m.sup.2 /g, a mesopore surface area between 80-900 m.sup.2 /g and for extruded or granular carbons, a Takeda hardness of between 10-50%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high power density double layer energy storage devices.

Abstract: Granulated activated carbon is produced by an improved process which involves carbonizing pellets of a styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer matrix with concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures up to at least 750.degree. C., followed by activation at temperatures of 800.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for further chemical activation of activated carbon is disclosed comprising activation of an active carbon precursor material with a potassium hydroxide solution, pre-drying the blend to 5% to 15% moisture content, activating this blend at from about 650.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from about 8.ANG. to 20.ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20.ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50.ANG. in width.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a bundle of hollow carbon membranes comprising the steps of: (a) providing a bundle of hollow cellulose fibers; (b) removing substantially all the absorbed water from the said fibers; (c) heating the fibers to a range of temperatures where it pyrolyzes; (d) supplying to the said fibers, during at least part of the heating thereof and after the water has been removed, a catalytically effective amount of a gaseous catalyst selected from among Lewis acids, and ionic salts that are at least partially volatile at the pyrolysis temperature range.

Abstract: Treatment of a wet activated carbon with carbon dioxide or with carbon dioxide followed by air results in a carbon having a reduced contact pH. The activated carbon is characterized by a modified contact pH less than about 9.0 and typically between about 7.3 and 9.0. Use of this carbon in a water treatment system eliminates the excessive effluent water pH rise which commonly occurs with activated carbon.

Abstract: A highly microporous activated carbon is disclosed which is prepared by activation of an active carbon precursor material with a potassium hydroxide solution, pre-drying the blend to below 25% moisture content, activating this blend at from about 650.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product and which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from above 8 .ANG. to 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: This invention relates to a shaped composition composed of a carbonaceous pyropolymer having recurring units containing at least carbon and hydrogen atoms. The composition is characterized by a crush strength of at least 6 kg and has a bimodal pore distribution having maxima at pore diameters of about 60 to 900 .ANG. and about 120 to 160 .ANG..

Abstract: A two-stage process for chemical activation of lignocellulose-derived carbon is disclosed comprising a first activation stage of blending a lignocellulose material with phosphoric acid, carbonizing the blend at from about 300.degree. F. to about 1,100.degree. F. (about 150.degree.-590.degree. C.), and water washing the carbonized material and a second activation stage of blending the carbonized material with a potassium hydroxide solution, activating this blend at from about 1,200.degree. to about 1,800.degree. F. (about 650.degree.-980.degree. C.), and water washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 16 .ANG. in width and greater than 80% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: An alkali metal iodide and phosphoric acid are homogeneously supported on an activated carbon honeycomb, in respective amounts of 0.015 to 1.5 mg atoms as iodine and 1.4 to 7.0 mg equivalents per gram of activated carbon. The alkali metal iodide is potassium iodide. When both the chemicals are supported on activated carbon in amounts respectively within the above ranges, homogeneous supporting of phosphoric acid with the alkali metal iodide becomes possible without causing any decrease in adsorption and elimination capacities. A number of malodorous and harmful components such as nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds can be efficiently removed with one kind of activated carbon over a long period of time. The activated carbon adsorbent thus obtained can be used for various deodorization purposes and in exhaust gas treatment, and is particularly suited for use in toilet deodorization and in gas treatment in closed spaces, for example in refrigerators.

Abstract: A process for preparing activated charcoal having a high surface area is described, including a thermal treatment, in the presence of phosphoric acid, of regenerated humic acids.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. An improved process is disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. An agglomeration process is disclosed for producing the carbon.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.

Abstract: Carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. The carbon is particularly suited for application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. Alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing fibrous or film type activated carbon including the steps of carbonizing a cellulosic material and activating the resulting carbon, each stop occurring at a temperature between 200.degree. C. and 1100.degree. C. in an oxidation-suppressing atmosphere, in which, prior to activation, the cellulosic material or carbon is impregnated with at least one boron-containing compound and at least one phosphorus-containing compound. This impregnation treatment greatly increases the activation rate, so reducing the activation time and therefore energy costs. Higher levels of production of fibrous activated carbons can thus be achieved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating carbonaceous catalyst with a gaseous halogen or a gaseous halogen compound to increase the catalytic activity and prolong the useful life of the catalyst. The treatment of the catalyst is conducted at temperatures above about 150 degrees C., preferably with the use of an inert gas, which inert gas is flowed through the carbonaceous material, and which inert gas carries the gaseous halogen or the gaseous halogen compound to the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A carbonaceous adsorbent to be used for the removal of a pyrogen dissolved in water is disclosed. The adsorbent is obtained by carbonizing porous beads of a cross-linked polymer. This adsorbent is favorably used for the removal of endotoxin in the production of pure water from deionized water resulting from the treatment with ion-exchange resins.