Abstract: A hybrid catalyst including a metal oxide catalyst component comprising chromium, zinc, and at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and gallium, and a microporous catalyst component that is a molecular sieve having 8-MR pore openings. The metal oxide catalyst component includes anatomic ratio of chromium:zinc (Cr:Zn) from 0.35 to 1.00, and the at least one additional metal is present in an amount from 25.0 at % to 40.0 at %. A process for preparing C2 and C3 olefins comprising: a) introducing a feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor; and b) converting the feed stream into a product stream comprising C2 and C3 olefins in the reaction zone in the presence of said hybrid catalyst.

Abstract: A method to produce a NOx trap composition, and its use in a NOx trap and in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NOx trap composition is produced by heating an iron-containing zeolite in the presence of an inert gas and an organic compound to produce a reductively calcined iron/zeolite. A palladium compound is then added to the reductively calcined iron/zeolite, and the resulting Pd—Fe/zeolite is then calcined at 400 to 600° C. in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas to produce the NOx trap composition. The NOx trap composition shows low temperature NO capacity below 200° C., as well as an additional NO storage temperature window in the 200 to 250° C. range.

Abstract: Described are catalyst compositions, catalytic articles, methods of manufacturing catalytic articles and exhaust gas treatment systems and methods that utilize the catalytic articles. The catalyst composition comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising a washcoat layer including a platinum group metal supported on a refractory metal oxide support and porous molecular sieve particles having internal pores, the molecular sieve particles protected by a protecting material selected from an organic wax encapsulating the molecular sieve particles, a polymer encapsulating the molecular sieve particles, an inorganic oxide deposited on the surface of the molecular sieve particles, or an organic compound filling the internal pores of the molecular sieve particles, wherein the protecting material prevents interaction of the molecular sieve particles with the platinum group metal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing a magnesia-zirconia complex carrier for a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane through a single-step precipitation process wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane is to produce n-butene and 1,3-butadiene from n-butane; a method of producing a magnesium orthovanadate catalyst supported by thus prepared magnesia-zirconia complex carrier; and a method of producing n-butene and 1,3-butadiene using said catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing a carrier used for a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane; a method of producing a magnesium orthovanadate catalyst supported by the carrier; and a method of producing n-butene and 1,3-butadiene using the catalyst are described.

Abstract: A catalyst unit suitable for loading into a tube in a reactor includes a plurality of catalyst particles incorporated within a removable solid matrix, said unit in the form of an elongate body in which the particles are packed together such that the volume shrinkage upon removal of the removable matrix is ?20%. The catalyst particles preferably comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe and Co in oxidic or reduced form. The units are particularly suitable for loading catalyst into tubes in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Abstract: Monomelic materials are described, comprising inorganic nanoparticles having covalently bonded to their surface at least one polymerizable organic moiety, preferably an ethylenically unsaturated organic moiety. These monomeric materials combine desirable properties of the inorganic particulate material and of the organic monomer, in addition to having the unique properties of nano-sized particles.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the hydro-oxidation of an olefin having three or more carbon atoms, such as propylene, to form an olefin oxide, such as propylene oxide. The process involves contacting the olefin with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a hydro-oxidation catalyst under reaction conditions; the catalyst comprising gold nanoparticles deposited on a nanoporous titanium-containing support, prepared by depositing a gold-ligand cluster complex onto the support to form a catalyst precursor, and then heating and/or chemically treating the catalyst precursor to form the hydro-oxidation catalyst composition. The hydro-oxidation catalyst exhibits stabilized catalyst activity, enhanced lifetime, and improved hydrogen efficiency.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon-silica products from silica-containing plant matter such as rice hulls or straw by leaching with sulfuric acid to remove non-silica minerals and metal while adjusting the mole ratio of fixed carbon to silica in the resultant product. The carbon and silica are intimately mixed on a micron or submicron scale and are characterized by high purity and reactivity, small particle size, high porosity, and contain volatile carbon that can be used as a source of energy for the production of silicon-containing products from the carbon-silica products. High purity silicon-containing products made from the carbon-silica products of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Nanoparticle catalysts are manufactured by first preparing a solution of a solvent and a plurality of complexed and caged catalyst atoms. Each of the complexed and caged catalyst atoms has at least three organic ligands forming a cage around the catalyst atom. The complexed and caged catalyst atoms are reduced to form a plurality of nanoparticles. During formation of the nanoparticles, the organic ligands provide spacing between the catalyst atoms via steric hindrances and/or provide interactions with a support material. The spacing and interactions with the support material allow formation of small, stable, and uniform nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to certain chiral transition metal catalysts, to the metal of which at least two structurally different monophosphorus ligands are bonded, at least one of said monophosphorus ligands being chiral. Said chiral transition metal catalysts are suitable as catalysts for use in asymmetric transition metal-catalyzed reactions, providing better enantioselectivities than in cases where only one structurally defined ligand is used.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a high temperature shift catalyst, not requiring a reduction step prior to use, by precipitating a composition containing divalent and trivalent iron compounds and a modifier metal selected from trivalent chromium and/or manganese compounds from an aqueous solution containing iron and modifier metal salts with a base, and forming the resultant precipitate into shaped catalyst units, without exposing said precipitate to an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures above 200° C.

Abstract: Highly dispersed supported catalyst nanoparticles are manufactured at temperatures below about 95° C. The catalyst nanoparticles are formed on a support using an organic anchoring agent. The anchoring agent molecules include at least two functional groups. One functional group is selected to bond with the catalyst atoms and the other functional group is selected to bond with the support material. The anchoring agent and its interaction with the support provide a template for the catalyst atoms. The catalyst nanoparticles are manufactured by treating the support material with a solution of the anchoring agent. A solution of the catalyst atoms is reacted with the anchoring agent molecules to form an intermediate supported catalyst. The supported intermediate catalyst is dried by heating at a temperature less than about 95° C. In an alternative embodiment, the catalyst atoms are reacted with the anchoring agent molecules prior to treating the support material with the anchoring agent.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group 8 metal of the periodic table, molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus and sulfur, wherein the average coordination number [N(Mo)] of the molybdenum atoms around the molybdenum atom is from 1.5 to 2.5 and the average coordination number [N(S)] of the sulfur atoms around the molybdenum atom is from 3.5 to 5.0 when MoS2 structure in the catalyst is measured in accordance with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating carbonyl compounds, in particular C4-dicarboxylic acids to mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone, over supported rhenium catalysts, wherein rhenium and at least one further metal of groups VIII or Ib of the Periodic Table of the Elements, in particular ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) or cobalt (Co), is applied to the support in the form of at least one bimetallic precursor compound, and also to these catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a ceramic dispersion composition, the method comprising the step of heating a mixture of a ceramic powder having a photocatalytic activity, a dispersant and a solvent at a temperature of about 70° C. or higher without substantially letting the solvent out of the reaction system. The ceramic dispersion composition can be used for providing a film showing a high hydrophilicity by light irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention is a manufacturing method for an anion-layered double hydroxide intercalation compound that uses metal hydroxides as the stating material of the layered double hydroxides (LDH) which are the host material and allows sterically complicated and large-size anion compounds to be used as the guest material, and it has the characteristics such that a reaction mixture of the metal hydroxides and anion compound is heated and hydrothermally reacted in the absence of anion components other than the anion compound of the guest material. In addition, the present invention pertains to an anion-layered double hydroxide intercalation compound that uses bile acid as the anion compound of the guest material, which is effective as the carrier of medical drugs or as the absorbent of physiological active materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere comprising moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one atmosphere contacting surface and a pollutant treating composition located on said surface. A specific embodiment comprises coating a motor vehicle radiator with pollutant treating catalyst.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for production of macrostructures of a microporous material. The process is characterized by the fact that seeds formed in or introduced by ion exchange or adsorption to a porous organic ion exchanger with the desired size, shape and porosity are made to grow and form a continuous structure by further deposition of inorganic material from a synthesis solution under hydrothermal conditions. The organic ion exchanger can be eliminated by chemical destruction or dissolution and, in so doing, leaves behind an inorganic microporous structure with the size and shape of the employed organic ion exchanger.

Abstract: A video and graphics system processes video data including both analog video, e.g., NTSC/PAL/SECAM/S-video, and digital video, e.g., MPEG-2 video in SDTV or HDTV format. The video and graphics system includes a video decoder, which is capable of concurrently decoding multiple SLICEs of MPEG-2 video data. The video decoder includes multiple row decoding engines for decoding the MPEG-2 video data. Each row decoding engine concurrently decodes two or more rows of the MPEG-2 video data. The row decoding engines have a pipelined architecture for concurrently decoding multiple rows of MPEG-2 video data. The video decoder may be integrated on an integrated circuit chip with other video and graphics system components such as transport processors for receiving one or more compressed data streams and for extracting video data, and a video compositor for blending processed video data with graphics.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst is prepared using a spent catalyst discharged from a hydro-desulfurization process of an oil refinery in which the spent catalyst comprises vanadium, nickel, molybdenum and sulfur component on alumina, and a tungsten-impregnated support. The catalyst prepared in accordance with the present invention is very advantageous in terms of excellent selective removal effect of nitrogen oxides as well as better poisoning resistance to sulfur oxides.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas contaminated with CO and COS, and an oxygen-containing gas, is contacted with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, such as metal oxides containing oxides of the formula, (BiaCobNic)yMo1−yOz, where a, b and c are from 0 to 1, y is from 0.01 to 0.75 and z is from 1.125 to 4.875; a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, such as those of the formula [(Au1−(w+d)RhwRud)eCofAlO1.5−u(OH)2u]1−(e+f), where w and d are from 0 to 1, e is from 0.001 to 0.2, f is from 0 to 0.2 and u is from 0 to 1.5; or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support contains alumina or carbon.

Abstract: A composition and method for improving the adhesion properties of catalytic and adsorptive compositions to a substrate through the addition of clay and/or silicone binder is disclosed. Preferably, the composition includes manganese dioxide and attapulgite clay and/or a silicone polymer which is adhered to a metal substrate, such as a motor vehicle radiator.

Abstract: A ceramics dispersion liquid is provided. The dispersion liquid may form an applied film easily recovering hydrophilic properties with light irradiation even when contaminated by lipophilic materials. The ceramics dispersion liquid comprises a ceramics, a dispersion medium, and at least one compound selected from a carboxylic acid, an ammonium carboxylate, a salt of carboxylic acid with metal selected from Ia group, IIa group, IIIa group, Va group, VIa group, VIIa group, VIII group, Ib group, IIb group, IIIb group, IVb group and lanthanoid group, and a salt of oxalic acid with metal selected from IVa group.

Abstract: A catalyst characterized by its ability to hydrotreat a charge hydrocarbon feed containing components boiling above 1000° F., and sediment-formers, sulfur, metals, asphaltenes, carbon residue, and nitrogen is prepared by mulling a porous alumina support with a salt of a Group VIII metal oxide and with a salt of a Group VI-B metal oxide in the presence of an acid to provide a mixture, by extruding the mixture to form an extrudate, by drying the extrudate and by subjecting the dried extrudate to hydrothermal calcination to provide the catalyst.

Abstract: Complexes of a metal cyanide polymerization catalyst and certain silane-functional complexing agents provide a method whereby supported, active metal cyanide catalysts can be prepared. The catalysts are useful alkylene oxide polymerization catalysts that are easily separated from the polymerization product and recycled.

Abstract: A catalyst characterized by its ability to hydrotreat a charge hydrocarbon feed containing components boiling above 1000° F., and sediment-formers, sulfur, metals, asphaltenes, carbon residue, and nitrogen is prepared by mulling a porous alumina support with a salt of a Group VIII metal oxide and with a salt of a Group VI-B metal oxide in the presence of an acid to provide a mixture, by extruding the mixture to form an extrudate, by drying the extrudate and by subjecting the dried extrudate to hydrothermal calcination to provide the catalyst.

Abstract: A process of hydroreforming in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one refractory inorganic carrier, platinum, possibly at least one metal from Group VIII (palladium, nickel, and ruthenium), a halogen or compound thereof, and at least one additional metal M selected from among germanium, tin, lead, gallium, indium, and thallium, process in which said metal M, in the form of at least one organic compound, is introduced in situ into the reactor where the hydrocarbon charge will then be treated or into a prereactor that is connected to said reactor.

Abstract: The production of cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, (Ce,Zr)O.sub.2 mixed oxides and (Ce,Zr)O.sub.2 solid solutions having improved particle size distribution, surface area, oxygen storage capacity and pore volume by the addition of an additive, such as anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, polyethylene glycols, carboxylic acids, and carboxylate salts, during the formation of the oxides or precursors thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing alumina and other aluminia products where the formation of a Schiff base imine by reaction of a orgaonaluminum amide or imide oligomer with a carbonyl compound is promoted by the Lewis acid character of the oligomer. The water byproduct of the Schiff base serves as an in situ reagent for subsequent hydrolysis and sol-gel condensation of the aluminum species with concomitant production of alkane. The imine then is washed from the alumina with a suitable solvent. Any of a number of primary amines and aldehydes or ketones may be reagents. Calcining of the sol-gels yields high surface area alumina as characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and gas physisorption measurements. Microporous and/or mesoporous alumina is obtained depending on synthesis conditions. Alumina microspheres are obtained under certain conditions.

Abstract: A catalyzer is provided for promoting chemical reactions, such as the reaction between ammonia and air to produce nitrogen monoxide which, in turn, can be used to manufacture nitric acid or the purification of flue gas from incineration plants. The catalyzer is made by forming a mixture of a combustible pore forming substance, such as a polymer, vegetable material or graphite, and a ceramic material, such as alumina, zirconia, titanium dioxide, silica, tungsten carbides, silicon nitrides and mixtures thereof, and thermally spraying this mixture onto a support net to result in a net having porous ceramic deposited thereon.

Abstract: Pellets for removing hydrogen sulfide from a coal gasification stream at an elevated temperature are prepared in durable form, usable over repeated cycles of absorption and regeneration. The pellets include a material reactive with hydrogen sulfide, in particular zinc oxide, a binder, and an inert material, in particular calcium sulfate (drierite), having a particle size substantially larger than other components of the pellets. A second inert material and a promoter may also be included. Preparation of the pellets may be carried out by dry, solid-state mixing of components, moistening the mixture, and agglomerating it into pellets, followed by drying and calcining. Pellet size is selected, depending on the type of reaction bed for which the pellets are intended. The use of inert material with a large particle size provides a stable pellet structure with increased porosity, enabling effective gas contact and prolonged mechanical durability.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a multi-functional carboxylic acid having from about 3 to 6 total carbon atoms, preferably about 4 to 5 total carbon atoms, is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, which need be present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a non-aqueous liquid such as phenols, glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, kerosene, and mixtures thereof as a moistening agent in a packed bed process, wherein the packed bed contains a composition for removing sulfur compounds from fluid streams, the composition containing a carrier composition, an iron oxide composition, and a non-aqueous liquid moistening agent. The non-aqueous liquid moistening agent is used in place of water and thus avoids the problems associated with using water as a moistening agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide conversion reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a polyol is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or in a preferred embodiment both a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, when present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the polyol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide conversion reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a carbohydrate, or sugar, notably a monosaccharide or disaccharide, particularly sucrose, is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or in a preferred embodiment both a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, when present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the carbohydrate.

Abstract: From not more than three blending stocks, it is possible to prepare a wide variety of mixtures of esters of hindered polyhydric alcohols that are especially valuable lubricants for chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant heat transfer fluids, particularly Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane).

Abstract: Activated alumina agglomerates having a crush resistance of at least 12 daN, measured on that fraction thereof having a mean diameter ranging from 3 to 4 mm, and an adsorptive capacity greater than 18% by weight, well adopted as adsorbents in a wide variety of purification processes, are prepared by agglomerating activated alumina particulates, maturing the resulting agglomerates in the presence of a complexing agent for the cation Al.sup.3+, and then thermally treating the matured agglomerates at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Dehydroxylated oxide (e.g. silica) particles are obtained by reacting oxide particles, having surface hydroxyl groups, with a dialkylcarbonate or diarylcarbonate. The resulting products have surface alkoxy or aryloxy groups and significantly reduced hydroxyl content. The treated oxide particles are especially suitable for use as catalyst supports, and especially as polyolefin catalyst supports.

Abstract: Hydrophobicized double-layer hydroxide compounds may be produced if double-layer hydroxide compounds of the general formula (I): [M.sup.(II).sub.1-x M.sup.(III).sub.x (OH).sub.2 ] A.sub.x.n H.sub.2 O, in which M.sup.(II) is a divalent metal cation, M.sup.(III) is a trivalent metal cation, A is an equivalent of a monobasic and/or multibasic inorganic acid, x is a number from 0.2 to 0.5 and n is a number from 0 to 10, are reacted at elevated temperature and under autogenous pressure with at least one carboxylic acid or its salt and the reaction product is then dried. The hydrophobicized double-layer hydroxide compounds obtained by this process are suitable as catalysts for the alkoxylation of compounds with active hydrogen atoms or of fatty acid esters.

Abstract: Activated alumina agglomerates having a crush resistance of at least 12 daN, measured on that fraction thereof having a mean diameter ranging from 3 to 4 mm, and an adsorptive capacity greater than 18% by weight, well adopted as adsorbents in a wide variety of purification processes, are prepared by agglomerating activated alumina particulates, maturing the resulting agglomerates in the presence of a complexing agent for the cation Al.sup.3+, and then thermally treating the matured agglomerates at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of making a three-way catalyst based on platinum group metals, comprisng: (a) impregnating an alumina substrate with a platinum group metal ion by contacting such substrate with an aqueous solution containing the platinum group metal in an amount of 0.1-5% by weight of alumina substrate and a water soluble acid that forms RCOOH with R being an alkyl or equivalent, said acid being present in an amount of 10-120% by weight of the alumina substrate, the pH of said solution being less than 4.0; and (b) drying and calcining the wetted substrate without sintering said substrate.The three-way catalyst construction based on platinum group metals has enhanced catalytic activity. It comprises an alumina substrate and a platinum group metal impregnation layer thereover, said impregnation layer being comprised of raft-like particle structures, each having increased metal density resulting from the nesting of both small and large metal particles within a given volume.