Abstract: Methods are disclosed for reducing or preventing a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst disposed on a first substrate monolith in an exhaust system of a lean-burn internal combustion engine from becoming poisoned with platinum group metal (PGM) which may volatilize from a catalyst composition comprising PGM disposed on at least one second substrate monolith upstream of the SCR catalyst. The methods comprise adsorbing volatilized PGM in at least one PGM trapping material, which is disposed on a third substrate monolith disposed between the first substrate monolith and the second substrate monolith.

Abstract: Systems and Methods for manufacturing ZPGM catalysts systems that may allow the prevention of formation or the conversion of corrosion causing compounds, such as hexavalent chromium compounds, within ZPGM catalyst systems are disclosed. ZPGM catalysts systems, may include metallic substrate, which may include alloys of iron and chromium, a washcoat and an overcoat. Disclosed manufacturing processes may include a thermal decomposition of hexavalent chromium compounds which may allow the decomposition of such compounds into trivalent chromium compounds, and may also produce metallic catalyst, such as silver.

Abstract: A method for modifying the properties of a sorbent comprising washing a sorbent with a washing solution so as to achieve an exchange of ions between the sorbent and the washing solution, and applying a halogen compound to the sorbent that has been washed with the washing solution to achieve a predetermined concentration of the halogen on the sorbent.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to protect an SCR catalyst, while simultaneously providing emission control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a passivated hydrogenation catalyst that is embedded in a primary amine, a derivative thereof, and/or a nitrile, the process to make such catalysts, as well as the use of such catalysts in a hydrogenation process in which an amine or a derivative thereof is produced.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful in the catalytic-cracking of hydrocarbons is described, which contains at least one agent causing the inactivation of vanadium, which may be present in the hydrocarbons as a contaminant. These agents obtain inactivation of vanadium without substantial loss of catalytic activity and selectivity.

Abstract: A zeolite-containing cracking catalyst is passivated with compounds of boron and zirconium, and preferably also antimony. The thus-passivated cracking catalyst is employed in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed. In another embodiment, compounds of boron and zirconium, and preferably also antimony, are added to a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed which is catalytically cracked in the presence of a zeolite-containing cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A one-step method and compositions for stabilization of heavy metals, acid gas removal and pH control in hazardous and toxic solid, semi-solid, liquid and/or gaseous matrices using a mixture of reactive agents in a single product, for the broader purpose of enhancing environmental pollution control, prevention and remediation are described. The product contains sulfonated calcium aluminum magnesium phosphate. This material may be used alone or in combination with magnesium sulfite and/or hydroboracite.

Abstract: Magnetic separation of fluid cracking catalyst and magnetic hooks can be improved by adding antimony, in the feed or during catalyst manufacture, to enhance the magnetic susceptibility, thus increasing the separation efficiency of the older less active fluid cracking catalyst from the more desirable fraction for recycle. Antimony can also be used as a tag for determination of age distribution of said catalyst. Concentration levels of 0.005-15 wt. % antimony (Sb) on the catalyst or sorbent are preferred. The invention is particularly preferred on catalyst and sorbents which comprise at least about 0.001 wt. %, more preferably above about 0.01 wt. % iron, because the antimony has been found to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of iron-containing particulates.

Abstract: A process for metals passivation of metals-contaminated equilibrium catalyst (ECat) used in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process is disclosed. Repeated treatment of a slip stream of ECat in a high-strength magnetic field, preferably a magnetic catalyst separator, changes the properties of the ECat, promoting growth of relatively large crystals or deposits of metal deposits on ECat which are less catalytically poisonous. Magnetic conditioning permits an increase in metals levels on ECat from, e.g., 3000 to 4000 ppm, without increasing hydrogen and/or coke make. Metals passivation by magnetic conditioning can also be used to concentrate feed metals on the oldest catalyst in the unit. This allows magnetic separation of the oldest catalyst in the unit after 1-6 months of magnetic conditioning, even though feed metals levels are otherwise insufficient to permit effective magnetic catalyst separation.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process using a halided zeolite catalyst containing platinum in a metal-coated reactor system where, prior to catalyst loading and reforming, halide acid is removed from the catalyst. The process comprises providing a reforming reactor system having a metal coating; providing a halided zeolite catalyst containing platinum prepared by a method which includes removing volatile halide acid; loading said catalyst into said reactor system; and catalytically reforming hydrocarbons to aromatics, wherein metal from the metal-coated reactor system does not deactivate the catalyst. The coating metal preferably comprises tin and the zeolite catalyst is preferably a platinum L-zeolite catalyst. The invention is also a method for reducing catalyst contamination from a metal which was used to coat a reactor system. The method comprises pretreating a halided catalyst with hydrogen to remove volatile halide acid.

Abstract: The present invention, therefore, is directed to a novel method for improving conversion in a fluidized catalytic cracking unit feed stream containing vanadium. According to the method, an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one overbase complex of a magnesium or aluminum salt or a mixture thereof and an organic acid complexing agent is incorporated into the feed stream.

Abstract: A one-step method and compositions for stabilization of heavy metals, acid gas removal and pH control in hazardous and toxic solid, semi-solid, liquid and/or gaseous matrices using a mixture of reactive agents in a single product, for the broader purpose of enhancing environmental pollution control, prevention and remediation are described. The product contains sulfonated calcium aluminum magnesium phosphate. This material may be used alone or in combination with magnesium sulfite and/or hydroboracite.

Abstract: A composition comprising a coprecipitated magnesia-lanthana-alumina (MgO--La.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) wherein the MgO component is present as microcrystalline phase, having a BET (N.sub.2) surface area of at least 130 m.sup.2 /g, preferably part of which contains a catalytic oxidation and/or reducing promoter metal such as ceria, vanadia, iron and/or titania, is combined with an FCC catalyst which is used to catalytically crack a hydrocarbon feedstock that contains metal and/or sulfur.

Abstract: An antimony and tin containing compound for passivating contaminant metals to which a catalyst is exposed during fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons containing said contaminant metals, said compound having a composition as follows (R*).sub.x Sb(OSn(R**).sub.3).sub.n wherein R* and R** are aryl compounds having between 6 to 13 carbon atoms, wherein n=1, 2 or 3 and x=4 when n=1, x=3 when n=2, and x=0 when n=3.

Abstract: A zeolite-containing cracking catalyst is passivated with lithium sulfate and, preferably, at least one additional passivating agent (more preferably at least one antimony compound). The thus-passivated cracking catalyst is employed in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed. In another embodiment, lithium sulfate and, preferably, at least one additional passivating agent are added to a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed which is catalytically cracked in the presence of a zeolite-containing cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the activity of a regenerated catalyst for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons comprising:(a) applying a modifying element dissolved in a solvent onto the surface of a regenerated catalyst;(b) drying said modified regenerated catalyst to remove all free solvent from said catalyst;(c) optionally, heating said dried modified regenerated catalyst at temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. at a rate of 1.degree.-20.degree. C. per minute, and holding said dried catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. up to 48 hours to provide an enhanced regenerated catalyst; and(d) recovering said enhanced regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A zeolite-containing cracking catalyst is passivated with compounds of (a) antimony and (b) zirconium and/or tungsten. The thus-passivated cracking catalyst is employed in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed. In another embodiment, compounds of (a) antimony and (b) zirconium and/or tungsten are added to a hydrocarbon-containing oil feed which is catalytically cracked in the presence of a zeolite-containing cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A method for countering the adverse effect of contaminating metals on a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst comprising contacting the catalyst with a reducing gas under suitable conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst contains antimony.

Abstract: A method of treating spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is provided, which method comprises contacting the spent catalyst with a solution comprising a SCR catalyst metal salt, preferably a vanadium salt, and heating the catalyst contacted with the metal salt solution at a calcination temperature in the presence of oxygen. Preferably, after treatment with the metal salt solution, the catalyst is dried with air for at least about 10 seconds and heated to a temperature in the range of about 130.degree. F. to about 170.degree. F. for a period of about 30 minutes to about 90 minutes before heating to the calcination temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vanadium trap for use in FCC which comprises a major amount of calcined kaolin clay, free magnesium oxide and an in situ formed magnesium silicate cement binder. Also disclosed are procedures for the preparation of the trap by forming a slurry in water of hydrous kaolin clay, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and sodium silicate, aging the slurry to form magnesium silicate in situ, optionally adding additional kaolin, colloidal silica or both, spray drying, and calcining the resulting spray dried microspheres without forming appreciable amounts of crystalline magnesium silicates or crystalline magnesium aluminates.

Abstract: A method is provided for regenerating a molecular sieve-free resid hydroprocessing catalyst for use with an ebullated bed reaction process comprising at least one hydrogenation metal and at least one Group IIA metal deposited on an inorganic oxide support wherein the catalyst contains a pore volume of pores having a diameter greater than 1200 Angstroms of at least 0.05 cc/gm. The method comprises the steps of contacting the molecular sieve-free resid hydroprocessing catalyst with a contaminant metal-containing hydrocarbon feedstream in a first contacting step at conditions sufficient to deposit contaminant metals and coke onto the catalyst; and contacting the coke-deactivated, contaminant metal-containing, molecular sieve-free catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas in a second contacting step at oxidation conditions sufficient to remove a substantial amount of the coke from the coke-deactivated, contaminant metal-containing, molecular sieve-free catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for passivating the reactivity of contaminant metals, such as nickel and vanadium, which have been deposited on a catalytic cracking catalyst, by adding to the cracking catalyst a mixture of a calcium-containing material and a magnesium-containing material in a separate reactor in the presence of steam. The preferred calcium-containing material is dolomite and the preferred magnesium-containing material is sepiolite. It is also preferred to include antimony and/or bismuth compounds in the additive mixture.

Abstract: A process for beneficiating a particulate zeolite petroleum cracking catalyst having metal values in excess of 1000 ppm nickel equivalents. The particulate catalyst is passed through a magnetic field in the range of from about 2 Tesla to about 5 Tesla generated by a superconducting quadrupole open-gradient magnetic system for a time sufficient to effect separation of said catalyst into a plurality of zones having different nickel equivalent concentrations. A first zone has nickel equivalents of about 6,000 ppm and greater, a second zone has nickel equivalents in the range of from about 2000 ppm to about 6000 ppm, and a third zone has nickel equivalents of about 2000 ppm and less. The zones of catalyst are separated and the second zone material is recycled to a fluidized bed of zeolite petroleum cracking catalyst. The low nickel equivalent zone is treated while the high nickel equivalent zone is discarded.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a contaminant metal-containing, coke deactivated, molecular sieve-free catalyst having at least one hydrogenation metal and at least one Group IV metal deposited on an inorganic oxide support comprising contacting the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas under conditions sufficient to remove a substantial amount of the coke from the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions and a process for making the same are disclosed. The composition finds application in the cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing vanadium and other metal contaminants. It essentially comprises a crystalline zeolite, a metal trapping or passivating agent and an inorganic oxide matrix precursor and is characterized by minimum elution of an alkaline earth metal in the catalyst.

Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with (a) dissolved lactic acid and either (b1) at least one dissolved calcium compound or, alternatively, (b2) at least one dissolved tin compound and at least one dissolved phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A spent metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting the spent catalyst with at least one dissolved carboxylic acid and at least one antimony compound.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking composition comprising a physical blend of a cracking catalyst component with alcohol treated Sr(OH).sub.2 and alcohol is used to crack hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that further contain quantities of vanadium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydroprocessing process that employs a catalyst that has been regenerated by subjecting the catalyst to an initial partial decoking step, followed by impregnation with a Group IIA metal-containing component and then subjected to a final decoking step.

Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with an aqueous solution of HC1 and/or HNO.sub.3 and/or H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The thus reactivated catalyst composition can be employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with an aqueous solution of at least one carboxylic acid (preferably at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid). The thus reactivated catalyst composition can be employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst having been passivated by treatment with an aqueous solution which has been prepared by mixing an antimony oxide, ammonium bifluoride and water, at an atomic ratio of F:Sb in excess of about 6:1, is used in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed, in particular one which contains metal impurities. In one embodiment, the above-described aqueous solution is injected into the feed. In other embodiments, the solution is injected into the cracking zone or into a catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process especially useful for the catalytic cracking of high metals content feeds including resids in which the feed is cracked in the presence of a catalyst additive comprising an alkaline earth metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal spinel, preferably a magnesium aluminate spinel which acts as a trap for vanadium as well as an agent for reducing the content of sulfur oxides in the regenerator flue gas. The additive is used in the form of a separate additive from the cracking catalyst particles in order to keep the vanadium away from the cracking catalyst and so preserve the activity of the catalyst; in addition, use of separate additive particles permits the makeup rate for the additive to be varied relative to that of the cracking catalyst in order to deal with variations in the metals and sulfur content of the cracking feed.

Abstract: Supported Group VIII noble metal reforming catalysts are pretreated with an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon at elevated temperatures, thereby lower activity during initial reforming operation and reducing gas production during the initial operation.

Abstract: A zeolite containing catalytic cracking catalyst is passivated by treatment with an aqueous solution which has been prepared by mixing an antimony oxide, ammonium bifluroide and water. The thus-passivated catalyst is used in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed, in particular one which contains metal impurities. In one embodiment, the above-described aqueous solution is injected into the feed. In other embodiments, the solution is injected into the cracking zone or into a catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition useful in treating hydrocarbons contaminated with vanadium residues, the catalyst comprising a zeolite, a matrix and certain heavier alkaline earth metal oxides.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition comprises partially demetallizing (preferably by chlorinating and washing) the spent catalytic cracking catalyst composition, and thereafter contacting it with at least one fluorine compound (preferably NH.sub.4 F) and at least one antimony compound. The thus reactivated catalytic cracking catalyst composition is employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: In a hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking process, high concentrations of sodium in the hydrocarbon entering the reactor will poison the reaction sites on the FCC catalysts, thereby reducing the efficiency of the cracking process. The addition of an aluminum compound to the hydrocarbon significantly reduces the poisoning effect of the sodium on the catalyst. The aluminum compound may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum oxide and sulfate salts of aluminum.

Abstract: The invention describes the preparation of novel cracking catalysts by surface coating conventional cracking catalysts with passivators that act as metals traps. The coating of passivators is weakly bound to the catalyst so as to permit the coating to continuously attrit off during catalytic cracking. The continuous flaking off of the coating exposes a new surface of the coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst regeneration process wherein the catalyst is subjected to an initial partial decoking step, followed by the addition of at least one rare earth metal, and then subjected to a final decoking step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst regeneration process wherein the catalyst is subjected to an initial partial decoking step, followed by impregnation with a Group IIA metal-containing component, and then subjected to a final decoking step.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons containing vanadium are converted to lower boiling fractions employing a zeolitic cracking catalyst containing a significant concentration of a vanadium passivator.

Abstract: A known method for passivating contaminant metals on an FCC catalyst comprises treating the catalyst with a sufficient amount of a sulfur-containing compound capable of associating with the contaminant metals when in contact therewith. An improvement comprises contacting the catalyst with the sulfur-containing compound for at least 3 seconds. In another embodiment of the invention, the improvement comprises contacting the catalyst with the sulfur-containing compound in a separate treatment vessel.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing cracking catalyst composition comprises the sequential steps of contacting the catalyst composition with dissolved ammonium compound (preferably NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3), contacting with a fluorine compound (preferably NH.sub.4 F), and treatment with a passivating agent (preferably Mg, Ca, B, A, P and/or Sb). The reactivated cracking catalyst obtained by this reactivation process is employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A method for countering the adverse effect of contaminating metals on a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst comprising contacting the catalyst with a reducing gas under suitable conditions.In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst contains antimony.

Abstract: A method for countering the adverse effect of contaminating metals on a cystalline aluminosilicate catalyst comprising contacting the catalyst with a metallic passivating agent to effect some passivation of the effects of the contaminant metals and with a reducing gas under suitable conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst contains antimony.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst composition comprising a zeolitic, crystalline aluminosilicate, a matrix material and a barium titanium oxide. The catalyst composition is particularly suitable for cracking metal-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition useful in treating hydrocarbons contaminated with vanadium residues, the catalyst comprising a zeolite, a matrix and certain heavier alkaline earth metal oxides.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst composition comprising a zeolitic, crystalline aluminosilicate, a matrix material and a barium titanium oxide. The catalyst composition is particularly suitable for cracking metal-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks.