Abstract: Methods and apparati for performing measurements of electrical signals in a multi-compartmented fluidic array format where the signal to noise ratio is improved are disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor having a substrate is provided in which structures are disposed on a surface of the substrate. The structures can be, e.g., nanostructures. Polarized light is directed toward the sensor, and birefringence of the structures with respect to the light is measured. Target particles that interact with the structures are detected based on changes in the measured birefringence.

Abstract: Provided is a method for characterizing a molecule by mass spectrometry, which molecule comprises one or more free amino groups, which method comprises: (a) reacting one or more free amino groups in the molecule with a mass tag reagent comprising a reactive functionality capable of reacting with an amino group, and a tertiary amino group linked to the reactive functionality; and (b) characterizing the molecule by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A method for scheduling the order of analysis of multiple samples in a combinational clinical analyzer performing a plurality of different analytical tests, includes the steps of: loading multiple samples in random order into a combinational clinical analyzer; defining the test requirements of the multiple samples; transferring said test requirements to a flexible scheduling algorithm; and generating a schedule specifying the start times of each required test for each of said multiple samples that minimizes or maximizes a predefined objective function. In a preferred embodiment, the objective function is the makespan or weighted makespan.

Abstract: Analysis of a system and/or sample involves the use of absorption-encoded micro beads. Each type of micro bead is encoded with amounts of the k dyes in a proportional relationship that is different from proportional relationships of the k dyes of others of the n types of absorption-encoded micro beads. A system and/or a sample can be analyzed using information obtained from detecting the one or more types of absorption-encoded micro beads.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for the manufacture of a nano-sensor array. A base having a sensing region is provided along with a plurality of nano-sensors. Each of the plurality of nano-sensors is formed by: forming a first nanoneedle along a surface of the base, forming a dielectric on the first nanoneedle, and forming a second nanoneedle on the dielectric layer. The first nanoneedle of each sensor has a first end adjacent to the sensing region of the base. The second nanoneedle is separated from the first nanoneedle by the dielectric and has a first end adjacent the first end of the first nanoneedle. The base is provided with a fluidic channel. The plurality of nano-sensors and the fluidic channel are configured and arranged with the first ends proximate the fluidic channel to facilitate sensing of targeted matter in the fluidic channel.

Abstract: Genetic markers of schizophrenia (SCZ) are presented herein, as are methods for using same for assessing risk of developing SCZ and diagnosing SCZ. Methods for choosing a therapeutic regimen and predicting and/or determining efficacy of a therapeutic regimen based on these genetic markers are also encompassed herein.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of printing, onto a substrate (12), an array (14) of spots of reagent compositions for use in a chemical and/or biochemical analysis. The method includes displacing an array of reagent composition containing capillary tubes (22) arranged alongside one another from an inoperative position to an operative position in which open ends of the capillary tubes (22) simultaneously impinge against a substrate and thereafter displacing the array of tubes (22) from the operative position back to the inoperative position. The invention extends to a printing apparatus (10), a method of printing a layered array of spots of reagent compositions, a method of introducing reagent compositions into the tubes, a reagent introducing device for introducing reagent compositions into the tubes and a printing installation which includes the printing apparatus (10) and the reagent introducing device.

Abstract: Arrays which utilize labeling molecules for calibrating a measuring device, such as microscopes, have a first structure based on a DNA origami as a calibration sample, wherein the DNA origami is formed into a predetermined structure by short DNA segments. The DNA origami is optionally present in an arranged manner on a support, wherein a number of short DNA segments which form the predetermined structure include a labeling molecule. Optionally, the array can have at least a second structure based on a DNA origami, different from the first structure, as a calibration sample. The array allows quantification of the labeling molecules on the basis of the number of photons per unit time.

Abstract: A method comprising the following step: determining that one or more analytes are present in a fluid to which an array of lipid multilayer gratings has been exposed based on scattered light detected by a detector, wherein each lipid multilayer grating of the array of lipid multilayer gratings comprises iridescent lipid multilayer nanostructures, wherein the scattered light is formed by scattering one or more incident lights by the array of lipid multilayer gratings, and wherein the one or more lipid multilayer gratings comprise ion channels that are activated by the one or more analytes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cancer markers. In particular, the present invention provides metabolites that are differentially present in prostate cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the early detection of cardiovascular injury using one or more cardiac injury biomarkers identified herein.

Abstract: The document pertains to a method for the purification of a ternary mixture of dimeric antibodies of the type AA, AB, BB, characterised in that for the separation of the three components and in particular for the isolation of the multi-specific fraction AB multicolumn counter current solvent gradient purification chromatography with a stationary phase load of more than 1 mg antibody mixture per millilitre stationary phase is used. It furthermore relates to a method for the identification of in particular bispecific antibody systems, which are particularly suitable for the application of such a purification method.

Abstract: A method of screening for candidate compound-excipient combinations comprises dosing a compound into each receptacle of a collection of receptacles, dosing a first set of excipients and a second set of excipients into the receptacles wherein the dosing creates varying combinations of solutions of a first and second excipients within the receptacles, analyzing each receptacle for the presence of a precipitate, and classifying the receptacles based on the presence of a precipitate.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for protein engineering. Specifically, the invention provides methods utilizing site evaluation libraries to design libraries that optimize two or more properties of a protein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are new prognostic molecular markers for prostate cancer. More specifically, the invention has identified that overexpression or amplification of at least one of AURKA or MYCN define a distinct subgroup of prostate cancer that is predisposed to the development of lethal NEPC, who will benefit from early intervention.

Abstract: The present invention concerns cancer biomarkers. In particular, the invention concerns c-met as biomarkers for patient selection and patient prognosis in cancer, as well as methods of therapeutic treatment, articles of manufacture and methods for making them, diagnostic kits, methods of detection and methods of advertising related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for detecting early stage ovarian cancer in a patient. Also, methods for evaluating the ovarian cancer state of a patient are described herein. These methods involve the detection, analysis, and classification of biomarkers in biological samples.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high throughput screening method which allows for the efficient and economical color screening of electrochromic copolymers with different monomer feed ratios. The process uses the diffusion behavior of the starting monomers at different concentrations to obtain diffusion coefficients, which can be used to quantify the monomer feed ratio for a given copolymer. Also disclosed herein are devices used in the process, conjugated copolymers obtained by using the method where the copolymers exhibit a certain property based on the monomer feed ratio, and devices made from the conjugated copolymers.

Abstract: Presented herein are novel protein biomarkers related to cancers with stromal components. These newly identified biomarkers create the basis for multiple (single) assays using traditional bioassay technologies and when used in combination yield exceptional clinical sensitivity and specificity in the determination of diagnosis and/or prognosis of cancer. A new genetic model able to identify potential genetic suppressors and/or potential therapeutic agents for treating stromal cancers is also described. Means and methods for evaluating data generated using multiple biomarkers in order to validate findings and further the use of the biomarkers and the genetic model system in clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic uses is also included.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging one or more selected fluorescence indications from a microfluidic device. The apparatus includes an imaging path coupled to least one chamber in at least one microfluidic device. The imaging path provides for transmission of one or more fluorescent emission signals derived from one or more samples in the at least one chamber of the at least one microfluidic device. The chamber has a chamber size, the chamber size being characterized by an actual spatial dimension normal to the imaging path. The apparatus also includes an optical lens system coupled to the imaging path. The optical lens system is adapted to transmit the one or more fluorescent signals associated with the chamber.

Abstract: The inventors have discovered a collection of proteinaceous biomarkers (“AD biomarkers) which can be measured in peripheral biological fluid samples to aid in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The invention further provides methods of identifying candidate agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by testing prospective agents for activity in modulating AD biomarker levels.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a method for measuring the kinetics (i.e., the molecular flux rates—synthesis and breakdown or removal rates) of a plurality of proteins or organic metabolites in living systems. The methods may be accomplished in a high-throughput, large-scale automated manner, by using existing mass spectrometric profiling techniques and art well known in the fields of static proteomics and static organeomics, without the need for additional biochemical preparative steps or analytic/instrumental devices.

Abstract: A method of analyzing nucleic acid by compensating for crosstalk in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data and other data, wherein crosstalk signals associated with multiple fluorescent dyes are corrected by using fluorescent intensity variations detected from a concentration difference of the fluorescent dyes, and apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detection and quantification of target biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA or proteins, using exogenous element labelling and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Biomarkers relating to insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy are provided, as well as methods for using such biomarkers as biomarkers for insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy. In addition, methods for modulating the respective disorders or conditions of a subject are also provided. Also provided are suites of small molecule entities as biomarkers for insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy.

Abstract: The present invention provides, among other things, methods and compositions for encoding a substrate for detecting and quantifying target nucleic acids.

Abstract: Provided is a biosensor chip. The biosensor chip includes a plurality of biosensor cells that are arranged in a matrix and selectively generate and output a sensed signal by addressing of external light, at least one sensing line that is simultaneously connected with the plurality of biosensor cells and transmits the sensed signal from one selected from the biosensor cells, and an output terminal that receives the sensed signal from the sensing line and outputs the sensed signal to an external reader. Thus, the biosensor cells are set in array in the biosensor chip without a separate driving unit, so that a process of manufacturing the biosensor chip is simplified. The biosensor cell to be sensed is selectively addressed through the external light, so that it is possible to reduce a price of the biosensor chip used as a disposable chip.

Abstract: The embodiments describe a system for combinatorial processing of a substrate. In one embodiment, electrodeposition processing techniques are combinatorially evaluated. The system is capable of providing a localized electrical connection to each region of a substrate being combinatorially processed. The localized electrical contacts allow for varying a voltage delivered to each region of a substrate whether processing the regions in serial or parallel. Accordingly, from a single substrate, a variety of materials, process conditions, and process sequences may be evaluated for desired electrodeposition results.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of reaction systems generating malodour, particularly from constituents of human sweat. Specifically, the invention pertains to proteins for generating malodours, substrates for generating such malodour, inhibitors of such malodour generation and test and screening systems for measuring their malodour inhibition efficacy and finding substances previously not known to inhibit malodour generation. Thus, the invention also pertains to the field of deodorants.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for determining patient compliance with a smoking cessation program, and monitoring the patient for physiological recovery from the deleterious effects of smoking, with particular emphasis on those effects that impact risk of cardiovascular disease and development of cancer. The invention also provides compositions and methods for treating a subject according to the patient compliance with the smoking cessation program.

Abstract: Detection of particles in a liquid beneficial agent contained within a container includes selectively illuminating at least a portion of the liquid beneficial, obtaining an image from the illuminated portion of the liquid beneficial agent, analyzing image data representing the image, using a data processor, to obtain a particle concentration, measuring an image intensity value of the image data using the data processor, and determining a quality level of the liquid beneficial agent using the data processor based on the particle concentration and the measured image intensity value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for standardizing quantitative measurements from a microscope system. The process includes a calibration procedure whereby an image of a calibration slide is obtained through the optics of the microscope system. The calibration slide produces a standard response, which can be used to determine a machine intrinsic factor for the particular system. The machine intrinsic factor can be stored for later reference. In use, images are acquired of a target sample and of the excitation light source. The excitation light source sample is obtained using a calibration instrument configured to sample intensity. The calibration instrument has an associated correction factor to compensate its performance to a universally standardized calibration instrument. The machine intrinsic factor, sampled intensity, and calibration instrument correction factor are usable to compensate a quantitative measurement of the target sample in order to normalize the results for comparison with other microscope systems.

Abstract: Composite films comprising an organic salt (or GUMBOS) such as 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate and a polymer such as cellulose acetate are prepared. These films are useful in detecting vapors of volatile organic compounds, and in determining their molecular weights. A quartz crystal microbalance-based sensor was designed by depositing a thin film of this composite material on the gold electrode surface of a quartz crystal resonator. The sensor exhibited rapid response toward a variety of volatile organic compounds, and complete regeneration, high sensitivity, low detection limits, and wide dynamic ranges. The ratio of the change in frequency to the change in motional resistance is a concentration-independent quantity that is proportional to the molecular weight of the absorbed chemical species. These properties facilitate the easy identification and molecular weight determination of a broad range of organic vapors.

Abstract: A microarray analysis method, in which a microarray obtained by arranging probes on a substrate surface having an irregular shape is irradiated with excitation light and fluorescence amounts of the probes excited by the excitation light are obtained as numerical data, includes a step (a) of measuring the fluorescence amounts of the probes to acquire fluorescence image data, a step (b) of receiving reflected light and/or scattered light from the substrate surface to acquire the irregular shape of the substrate surface of the microarray as alignment image data based on the light receiving intensities of the light, and a step (c) of determining positions of the probes on the fluorescence image data based on the alignment image data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable media for diagnosing or characterizing kidney cancer based on serum amino acid profiles are provided. Serum amino acid concentrations, and optionally also serum creatinine concentration, are determined in serum obtained from a subject and compared against reference concentration profiles. The condition or prognosis of the subject may be determined based on comparisons of patient samples with reference profiles.

Abstract: A microarray formed in a planar surface of a moldable slab, the microarray including a plurality of microwell sets comprising a plurality of microwells formed in the planar surface of the moldable slab, each microwell being sized to contain at least a single cell, and a plurality of microchannels formed in the planar surface of the moldable slab, the plurality of microchannels being configured to permit liquid from a first region of the microarray to transit to a second region of the microarray.

Abstract: Processes for identifying optimal mass spectrometer settings to produce the greatest confidence in sample constituent detection are provided. Data obtained on a mass spectrometer are analyzed by a quadratic variance function which accurately represents intensity variation as a variation of peak intensity. This function is then used to identify intensities that possess a minimum coefficient of variation that is useful for identifying optimal mass spectrometer settings. Inventive processes involve using a general purpose computer to identify optimal mass spectrometer settings for use in biomarker analyses, for optimizing peak detection and biomarker identification in a biological sample. The inventive processes provide for improved methods of identifying new biomarkers as well as screening subjects for the presence or absence of disease or biological condition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method comprising identifying a successful metal-mediated conjugation reaction by analyzing a test mixture for the presence of a conjugation product. The invention provides a two-dimensional approach to reaction discovery in which many catalysts for many catalytic reactions can be tested simultaneously to provide an efficient discovery platform. Reactants and products from the system can be identified using techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of molecular mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in fungal infections. More specifically, fungi harbor a nuclear receptor-like pathway controlling MDR, which represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MDR in pathogenic fungi such as C. glabrata.

Abstract: A new biomarker, a peptide having sequence SSKITHRIHWESASLLR*, wherein the side chain of the C-terminal arginine denoted with the asterisk is lacking the NH2-C?NH moiety normally present in the side chain. Usefulness of the biomarker in the diagnosis of neurological and/or neuropsychiatric disorders (in particular autism) is disclosed, as well as are methods for determining the concentration of the new biomarker and antibodies directed to the new biomarker. Treatment of autism, comprising administering a complement factor I inhibitor to the subject.

Abstract: Indole-3-propionic acid as a marker and for treatment for Huntington Disease.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to various peptides and particles, for example, for use in screening of particle- or bead-based peptide libraries. In one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to articles including peptides attached to one or more particles, which may have structures such as (particle)-M-Q-Zn-X-J, (particle)-M-Q-Zn—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5-J, (particle)-M-R—Zn—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5-J, (particle)-M-R—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5Zn-Q-J, (particle)-M-X1—X2—X—3X4—X5—Zn—R-J, etc., where M is a methionine residue, M1 is a cleavable linker residue, Q is a group able to enhance intensity and/or sensitivity of mass spectrometry, X comprises one or more amino acid residues, n is a positive integer, Z is a covalent bond or a spacer, and J is an end-group. In some embodiments, the spacer may comprise a structure such as:(I). Other aspects of the present invention generally relate to methods of using such articles, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cancer markers. In particular, the present invention provides metabolites and panels of metabolites that are differentially present in cancer (e.g., prostate or breast cancer).

Abstract: Process for evaluating a plurality of refinery feedstocks, by providing an array of refinery feedstocks, the array having at least a plurality of different refinery feedstocks, and fractionating each of the refinery feedstocks in the array, either in parallel or in a rapid serial fashion, to produce a further array having a plurality of fractions with different chemical and/or physical properties, each fraction being representative of a process stream that might be present in a refinery. Each of the plurality of fractions is analyzed to determine one or more chemical and/or physical properties of the fractions, the analyzes being performed at least partially in parallel.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to signal enhancement in single-molecule-assays. In particular, the present invention relates to an array allowing signal enhancement of single molecules. The assay is in particular a Bioassay allowing single molecule analysis of biomolecules. Preferably, the signal enhancement is a fluorescence enhancement based on optical antenna. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for measuring irradiation of electromagnetic waves of single compounds. Based on the arrays and methods, it is possible to allow signal enhancement and, consequently, allow single molecule assays with high sensitivity and reproducibility.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of aiding the diagnosis of acute brain damage in a subject, said method comprising (i) assaying the concentration of at least one oxidative stress polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: PRDX1, PRDX6 and GSTP1 in a sample from said subject; and (ii) assaying the concentration of at least one further polypeptide selected from Panel A; (Hi) comparing the concentrations of (i) and (ii) to the concentrations of the polypeptides in a reference standard and determining quantitative ratios for said polypeptides; (iv) wherein a finding of a quantitative ratio of each of the assayed polypeptides in the sample to the polypeptides in the reference standard of greater than 1.3 indicates an increased likelihood of acute brain damage having occurred in said subject.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices and methods that use massively parallel anchored picoreactors as the basis for cell and molecular diagnostics (e.g., characterizing, isolation, processing, amplification) different particles, chemical compositions or biospecies (e.g., different cells, cells containing different substances, different particles, different biochemical compositions, proteins, enzymes etc.).

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a method is provided that comprises washing an array of DNA-coated beads on a substrate, with a wash solution to remove stacked beads from the substrate. The wash solution can include inert solid beads in a carrier. The DNA-coated beads can have an average diameter and the solid beads in the wash solution can have an average diameter that is at least twice the diameter of the DNA-coated beads. The washing can form dislodged DNA-coated beads and a monolayer of DNA-coated beads. In some embodiments, first beads for forming an array are contacted with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution comprising a PEG having a molecular weight of about 350 Da or less. In some embodiments, slides for forming bead arrays are provided as are systems for imaging the same.

Abstract: The present technology relates to methods and systems for detection of pyrophosphate. As such, disclosed herein are methods and systems that permit improved pyrophosphate detection. Also disclosed herein are methods and systems which utilize improved pyrophosphate detection for nucleotide sequencing.