Abstract: A metalworking fluid composition comprising an isomerized base oil having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and less than 10 wt % naphthenic carbon by n-d-M is provided. The metalworking fluid has reduced mist formation, low foaming tendency and excellent air release properties.

Abstract: A lubricant additive composition having environmentally compatible characteristics as defined by European Council Directive 67/548/EEC is disclosed. Such a composition may include components selected from non-persistent materials, non-bioaccumulative materials, or non-toxic materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricant composition comprising a base oil, wherein the ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins in the base oil ranges from about 30 to about 400.

Abstract: A method for improving the oil drain interval, fuel and energy efficiency of heavy duty geared machinery by lubricating said apparatus using a lubricating oil composition comprising as base oil about 20 to 75 wt % PAO 2 to 10, about 5 to 40 wt % PAO 150-1000, about 10 to 40 wt % PAO 20-100, about 5 to 20 wt % of one or more polyol ester or dibasic acid ester having a kinematic viscosity of between about 2 to 5 mm2/s at 100° C. mm2/s and further containing an effective amount of at least one gear oil additive, said lubricating oil composition having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 9 and 12.5 mm2/s, and exhibiting a traction coefficient value (100°C./30 SSR value) of 0.0197 or less, a Brookfield viscosity at ?40° C. of about 26,000 cP or less a CCS viscosity at ?25° C. of 4200 cP or less, a flash point of 220° C. or higher and a NOACK volatility of 15% or less.

Abstract: Both prepared, non-chemically modified and chemically modified biomasses, preferably algal biomasses as well as proteins and nucleic acids and organelles will be used either as lubricants or additives to lubricants. The advantages are as follows: the utility or utilization of biomasses such as dead animal bodies or plant and algal biomasses on the sea shores, for example during tides, the use of renewable row materials as lubricants and additives to other lubricants, the economical use of other lubricants, especially of those based on fossil sources, as well as the improvement of lubricative features by adding to oils, fats and pastes as well as the use of the lubricants according to this invention as an alternative to current lubricants. Modified biomolecules can improve thereby the quality of lubricants.

Abstract: A phthalic acid such as terephthalic acid is made soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity by first mixing it with at least one phosphorus compound. The resulting product is useful for reducing corrosion in a transmission lubricant.

Abstract: A grease composition using lubricating base oil that is biodegradable by microorganisms in nature and has an affinity to the human body is provided. More particularly, a distillation residue secondarily generated in production of biodiesel from vegetable oil (soybean oil and canola oil) is used as the lubricating base oil. The grease composition is produced by adding 1 to 20 wt % of additives to 100 to 95 wt % of distillation residues, which is generated in production of biodiesel, and 1 to 30 wt % of thickeners.

Abstract: Lube formulations and concentrates are disclosed herein. The formulations comprise copolymers of ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: Mixtures of water immiscible components and water dispersible components, in combination with an optional coemulsifier and an optional coupling agent, provide synthetic (water based) emulsions that have enhanced lubricity, provide excellent cooling characteristics, are low foaming and biostable and can be made effectively transparent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of viscosity modifiers in a control release additive gel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an additive gel containing a viscosity modifier that control releases additives into a lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having a total base number of more than 15 mg KOH/g, as determined by ASTM D2896, and including at least 40 mass % of an oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent; and at least one compound of the formula (II): In formula (II), each Ar independently represents an aromatic moiety having 0 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxy alkyl, halo and combinations thereof; each L is independently a linking moiety comprising a carbon-carbon single bond or a linking group; each Y? is independently a moiety of the formula Z(O(CR2)n)yX—, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of (CR?2)z, O and S; R and R? are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl and aryl; z is 1 to 10; n is 0 to 10 when X is (CR?2)z, and 2 to 10 when X is O or S; y is 1 to 30; Z is H, an acyl group, an alkyl group or an aryl group; each a is independently 0 to 3, with the proviso tha

Abstract: Aluminum carboxylate drag reducing agents are described herein. These materials are useful to reduce drag in hydrocarbon fluids and multiphase fluids of hydrocarbon(s) and water. No injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing agent into the liquid stream. The drag reducing additives of the invention are not subject to shear degradation and do not cause undesirable changes in the emulsion or fluid quality of the fluid being treated, or undesirable foaming. In one non-limiting embodiment, an aluminum monocarboxylate is reacted with at least one carboxylic acid in situ. In another non-limiting embodiment, the aluminum carboxylate is introduced as a dispersion in a solvent such as paraffin oil. The drag reducing additives include aluminum dicarboxylates such as aluminum dioctoate, aluminum distearate, aluminum octoateoleate, aluminum octoatestearate, aluminum stearateoleate, hydroxyaluminum bis(2-ethylhexanoate) and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising an amine acylated with a hydrocarbyl group substituted carboxylic acylating agent containing an average of from 1.3 to 1.6 groups derived from ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic compounds per Mn of the hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrocarbyl group has Mn determined by GPC ranging from 1500 to 3000, the amine comprises polyamine bottoms and said acylated amine has total base number (TBN) ranging from 17 to 35. A method for preparing the composition, lubricating oils containing the composition and, in another embodiment, lubricating oil compositions of this invention further comprising a metal overbased sulfonate detergent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based biodegradable and non-toxic functional fluid for mechanical drives, preferably for use in steam engines. The object of providing such functional fluids for use in mechanical drives, particularly for the hydrodynamic lubrication of plain bearings, preferably for crankshafts of superheated steam engines, having customary bearing play which is not overly precise, is achieved. It should be capable of being used in closed power plant systems also at sump temperatures higher than 120° C., e.g. in the crankcase under a crank shaft, and should be water-based or water-dilutable. According to the invention, this is achieved by addition of a low percentage of polyaspartic acid to water or to water/glycol mixtures, preferably polyaspartic acid having a molar mass of from greater than 1 000 to 10 000 g/mol being used.

Abstract: A method of lubricating a moving surface is herein described wherein the lubricant composition contains a fatty acid, a neutralization agent, a pH buffer, and a carrier. Also described are compositions in both concentrate and dilute form. The compositions may also comprise additional functional ingredients.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a new low molecular weight branched alkenyl succinic acid derivative that may be prepared by reacting a low molecular weight polyisobutene (PIB) having from about 8 to about 32 carbon atoms, and wherein at least about 50% of the olefinic bonds of the polyisobutene comprises methylvinylidene isomer plus tri-substituted isomer, with an unsaturated acidic reagent and method of making same, resulting in alkenyl succinic acid derivative isomers; and a low molecular weight branched alkenyl succinimide and method of making same.

Abstract: Lubricating oil formulations comprising base oil, sulfur-phosphorous anti-wear/extreme pressure agents and hindered phenol antioxidants which anti-wear/extreme-pressure agents and hindered phenolic antioxidants are prone to crystal formation wherein the base oil is characterized as having a saturates content of less than 99% are stabilized against crystal formation by the addition of a minor amount of a high molecular weight di- or polycarboxylic acid anhydride, or mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides engine lubricants for low emission diesel engines featuring low levels of ash, sulfur and phosphorus. Specifically, this invention provides a low emission diesel lubricant comprising from about 0 wt. % to about 1.2 wt. % ash; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % sulfur; and from about 0.02 wt. % to about 0.1 wt. % phosphorus. Said lubricant may also comprise a novel unsulfurized, carboxylate-containing additive for lubricating oils, comprising a mixture of alkaline earth metal salts (hydrocarbyl phenate/hydrocarbyl salicylate) and a reduced amount of unreacted hydrocarbyl phenols, in which said hydrocarbyl salicylate is primarily single-aromatic-ring hydrocarbyl salicylate. The invention also provides a method for producing said additive and said LEDL.

Abstract: A lubricating-grease modifier for addition to and modification of a lubricating grease that is to be present in a driving mechanism of a machine or apparatus and lubricate a driving part of the driving mechanism, the modifier comprising a lubricating resin powder and a water-absorbing resin powder and a high-lubricity grease comprising a solid lubricant, the solid lubricant comprising at least one synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyimides, high-density polyolefins and polyesters.

Abstract: A grease composition is produced by mixing a thickener comprising a fluoro resin and a second thickener component (a metallic soap, a complex metallic soap, an N-substituted terephthalamic acid metal salt, organic bentonite or a calcium sulfonate complex) into a base oil. This grease composition is excellent in heat resistance, load carring capacity, water resistance, rust protection, lubricating life and the like.

Abstract: A lubricant concentrate comprising an effective lubricating amount of at least one ether carboxylate and at least one foam destabilizer, and methods of using the same. The lubricant concentrate may be diluted with water prior to use.

Abstract: Non-polymeric fatty acid drag reducing agents are described herein. These additives are useful to reduce drag in hydrocarbon fluids and multiphase fluids of hydrocarbon(s) and water. No injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing agent into the liquid stream, nor is grinding (cryogenic or otherwise) of the additive necessary to form a suitable drag reducing agent. The drag reducing additives of the invention are not subject to shear degradation and do not cause undesirable changes in the emulsion or fluid quality of the fluid being treated, or undesirable foaming. The drag reducing additives include fatty acids, alkoxylated derivatives of fatty acids, organic and inorganic salts of fatty acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and esters of fatty acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for controlling the foaming of a waterborne composition or an industrial process by the incorporation of a foam controlling agent. The method comprises utilizing as the foam controlling agent a compound of the formula: HOR1R3C—[CH2]n—CR2R4OH R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group of alkyl radicals having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. R3 and R4 are independently alkyl radicals having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. n is an integer from 1 to 6. The compound generates an initial (t=0 min.) or a final (t=10 min.) foamed density at least 30% greater than that of a 0.5 wt % aqueous solution of a 12 mole ethoxylate of a C12-C15 primary alcohol (C12-C15E12) when added at 0.2 wt % to the C12-C15E12 solution. The present invention also pertains to an aqueous composition comprising the foam controlling agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions, as well as additive packages and finished oil compositions comprising the same. The dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions of the invention exhibit low turbidity and the finished oil compositions exhibit improved wear performance under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a rolling bearing suitable for the use under a high temperature, high speed, high load and high vibration condition, having a good rust-preventive performance and the excellent flaking life without a hazard to a human body. A rolling bearing is described, comprising an inner race, an outer race and rolling elements, with a grease composition comprising, as the main components, a base oil, a thickener and at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive made from a naphthenate or a succinic acid derivative, packed in a bearing space formed by at least the inner race, the outer race and the rolling elements, said at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of the grease composition.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cold rolling metals using an aqueous lubricant comprising: (1) at least a mixture based on at least an acid selected among saturated or unsaturated mono- or poly-carboxylic acids, comprising 5 to 40 carbon atoms; at least an acid phosphate ester of formula (RO)x—P(═O)(OH)x′, wherein: R is a hydrocarbon radical, optionally polyalkoxylated; x and x′ being equal to 3; the carboxylic acid and/or the acid phosphate ester being optionally neutralised by an organic or mineral base; and (2) at least a natural or synthetic wax exhibiting a melting point not less than 50° C. and having an average particle size ranging between 0.5 and 10 &mgr;m. The use of said lubricant enables to increase the productivity of the method by at least 15% relative to a method using a conventional lubricant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a grease composition comprising a base oil, a thickener, and an additive; the base oil having a kinetic viscosity of 20 to 150 mm2/s at 40° C., and the additive containing as an essential component 0.

Abstract: Lubricating oil formulations comprising base oil, sulfur-phosphorous anti-wear/extreme pressure agent and hindered phenol antioxidant, which combination of extreme pressure agent and hindered phenol antioxidant produces crystals and containing antioxidants, wherein the base oil is characterized as having a saturates content of 99 wt % or more is stabilized against crystal formation by the addition of a minor amount of high molecular weigh di- or polycarboxylic acid, or anhydride and an ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonflammable water-based cutting fluid composition which affords excellent dispersion property of abrasives, which does not cause problems involving in flammability upon the use for cutting process of a hard and brittle materials, which can be readily washed, and which can achieve sufficient rust preventive property even if it is used in an equipment for oil use. Provided by the present invention is a nonflammable water-based cutting fluid composition containing a polycarboxylic acid-based polymer compound and/or a salt thereof having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000-200,000, and additionally a carboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof upon needs for a rust preventive property.

Abstract: Disclosed are dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions, as well as additive packages and finished oil compositions comprising the same. The dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions of the invention exhibit low turbidity and the finished oil compositions exhibit improved wear performance under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: A grease composition is produced by mixing a thickener of a calcium sulfonate complex and a second thickener component (polyurea, a metallic soap, a complex metallic soap or an N-substituted terephthalamic acid metal salt) into a base oil. This grease composition is excellent in heat resistance, load carrying capacity, water resistance and lubricating life.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel water soluble metal working fluid compositions, their use to work metal, a process for working metal using such compositions and the metal worked article of manufacture. More particularly, this invention relates to fluid compositions useful in cutting, grinding, shaping and other metal working operations which require a lubricant. The terms “first Group A” and “second Group B” are used herein to denote different groups and not to indicate any sequence of use or selection as any possible combination or sequence of use of a component(s) is envisioned without limit of any kind. The disclosed fluid compositions are also anticorrosive and environmentally more acceptable than current oil based fluids.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for mechanical working of a metal containing copper, aluminum or an alloy thereof. The method is carried out in the presence of an aqueous cooling lubricant containing an alkanol amine. The lubricant is capable of preventing and reducing the corrosion of both metals and iron.

Abstract: The invention provides a cutting and lubricating composition with abrasive particles for cutting hard and brittle workpieces with a wire saw or other cutting or grinding tool. The composition provides electrostatic and steric repulsion between the abrasive particles to maintain the particles in suspension without forming hard settled cakes from suspension “fall-out”.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricant for gasoline and diesel engines having a viscosity ranging between about 14.5 and 16.5 cs at 100° C., the lubricant containing from about 55 to about 75 volume percent polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 6 to 8 cs at 100° C., an ethylene-propylene copolymer, an ester or diester, a packaged additive, a total base number enhancer and a minor effective amount of an antifoamant. A method of use is also provided whereby the subject lubricant is recirculated through an operating engine while periodically monitoring the total base number and adjusting the total base number to a level of about 12.0 by the addition of a total base number enhancer such as calcium phenate.

Abstract: This invention provides a release agent for low speed casting, which does not pollute working environment, has a superior running property and lubricating property and further shows a superior cleanability of a die. An aqueous release agent for a low speed injection die casting comprises as main components an inorganic lubricant, spherical resin particles having an average particle size of 0.1-10 &mgr;m, an organic carboxylic acid metal salt and water.

Abstract: A lubricating-grease modifier for addition to and modification of a lubricating grease that is to be present in a driving mechanism of a machine or apparatus and lubricate a driving part of the driving mechanism, the modifier comprising a lubricating resin powder and a water-absorbing resin powder and a high-lubricity grease comprising a solid lubricant, the solid lubricant comprising at least one synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyimides, high-density polyolefins and polyesters.

Abstract: Non-polymeric fatty acid drag reducing agents are described herein. These additives are useful to reduce drag in hydrocarbon fluids and multiphase fluids of hydrocarbon(s) and water. No injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing agent into the liquid stream, nor is grinding (cryogenic or otherwise) of the additive necessary to form a suitable drag reducing agent. The drag reducing additives of the invention are not subject to shear degradation and do not cause undesirable changes in the emulsion or fluid quality of the fluid being treated, or undesirable foaming. The drag reducing additives include fatty acids, alkoxylated derivatives of fatty acids, organic and inorganic salts of fatty acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and esters of fatty acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition having a basic grease composition containing a synthetic oil as a base oil, and a lithium soap as a thickener. 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to the basic grease composition total amount of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an organic molybdenum compound, an organic fatty acid compound or an derivative thereof, and an organic phosphorus compound is added is provided. Accordingly, the present invention can provide a lubricating grease composition capable of providing excellent lubricating characteristics, fretting wear resistance property, and impact resistance property.

Abstract: Disclosed are lubricant compositions comprising a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives thereof. Also disclosed are methods for improving the water tolerance of a lubricant composition comprising an alkali metal borate. Such methods employ compositions comprising a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A surfactant is synthesized from an amine or an alcohol and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent by feeding the amine or alcohol into a stream comprising the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent, to form a combined stream; passing the combined stream through an in-line mixer so as to effect premixing and initial reaction of the components; and thereafter passing the combined stream into a reactor, where the combined stream is further processed to form the surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a rolling bearing suitable for the use under a high temperature, high speed, high load and high vibration condition, having a good rust-preventive performance and the excellent flaking life without a hazard to a human body. A rolling bearing is described, comprising an inner race, an outer race and rolling elements, with a grease composition comprising, as the main components, a base oil, a thickener and at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive made from a naphthenate or a succinic acid derivative, packed in a bearing space formed by at least the inner race, the outer race and the rolling elements, said at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of the grease composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating and conditioning circulated rolling oil, comprising removing dirt and abrasion particles from the returned rolling oil by filtration, feeding filter aids in a controlled manner, and adjusting an electric conductivity preventing electrostatic charging in the purified rolling oil. So that conductivity additives can be omitted, a flocculating agent is employed as the filter aid, and the amounts in which the agent is added depends on the residual contamination remaining in the filtrate, so that a preset minimum conductivity caused by the remaining residual contamination is preserved in the filtrate.

Abstract: A lubricant composition containing an anti-deposition component having an anti-deposition effect which is especially useful for the lubrication of refrigeration compressors and in reducing or removal of unwanted deposits in constricted areas in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: The invention relates to additives for improving lubricating properties of fuel oils, comprising

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a rolling bearing suitable for the use under a high temperature, high speed, high load and high vibration condition, having a good rust-preventive performance and the excellent flaking life without a hazard to a human body. A rolling bearing is described, comprising an inner race, an outer race and rolling elements, with a grease composition comprising, as the main components, a base oil, a thickener and at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive made from a naphthenate or a succinic acid derivative, packed in a bearing space formed by at least the inner race, the outer race and the rolling elements, said at least one kind of a rust-preventive additive is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of the grease composition.

Abstract: This invention provides a release agent for low speed casting, which does not pollute working environment, has a superior running property and lubricating property and further shows a superior cleanability of a die.

Abstract: Petroleum quench oils effective for high speed cooling of heated metals and metal hardening are disclosed. The petroleum quench oils contain natural or synthetic base oils having a minimum flash point of about 120° C. and a combination of poly(iso)alkylene and poly(iso)alkylene succinic anhydride or succinic acid. A method for cooling heated metal to harden it, improve the metallurgical consistency, improve machinability and reduce residue on quenched metal parts is also disclosed comprising quenching the heated metal part in a quench oil containing natural or synthetic base oils having a minimum flash point of about 120° C. and a combination of poly(iso)alkylene and poly(iso)alkylene succinic anhydride or succinic acid.

Abstract: Polyolefin substituted carboxylic acylating agents having reduced chlorine content of less than 2,000 ppm and a degree of succination of 1.1-2 have been made from polyisobutylene, chlorine and maleic anhydride. The acylating agents are further reacted with amines and/or alcohols to form dispersants having reduced chlorine content.

Abstract: A friction modifier composition is disclosed that comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity and containing a friction-reducing amount of an additive comprising;(A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride or(A') a diglyceride and(B) at least one metal overbased composition.