Abstract: A medicinal agent for suppressing or preventing the metastasis of a malignant tumor, the agent comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one kind of vascular endothelial intracellular cGMP enhancer.

Abstract: Diseases including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity or obesity-related diseases are due to impairment in glucose metabolism. The skeleton has been shown to regulate energy metabolism and play a role in glucose metabolism. The present invention relates to methods for treating or preventing diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity or obesity-related by administering a therapeutically effective amount of osteoblast-expressed Lcn-2 or a biologically active fragment.

Abstract: The present invention provides pladin (plasma anti-diabetic nucb2 peptide) polypeptide and functional equivalent thereof that are useful for treating diabetes. The present invention provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to a subject nesfatin-1, pladin, or a functional equivalent thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to subject plasmin inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is a five to eight membered monocyclic or a nine to twelve membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring, as further defined herein; Y is S, CH2, or CH; Z is CH or N; R7 and R9 are hydrogen or (C1-C6)alkyl; R2 is (C1-C6)alkoxy, OH, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, halogen, or CF3; r and s are 0, 1, or 2; and R1 and R3 are as further defined herein. These compounds are agonists, partial agonists and/or modulators of the NPY4 receptor and may be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of obesity, food intake, and other diseases and conditions modulated by the NPY4 receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to exendin-4 peptide analogues and their medical use, for example in the treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, as well as reduction of excess food intake.

Abstract: The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions having enhanced cholecystokinin (CCK) and/or giuoagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) releasing activity and food forms incorporating the protein hydrolysate compositions, which can be used to promote satiety.

Abstract: The use of flagellin and flagellin related polypeptides for reducing cancer treatment side effects in mammals is described.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of treating, preventing, or limiting obesity or weight gain, or reducing or suppressing appetite, by the administration of A2A adenosine receptor pathway agonists. The A2AR pathway agonists may be administered in conjunction with a therapeutic agent having a side effect of weight gain, in order to prevent or limit that weight gain. In some instances, the A2AR pathway agonist is administered as a sleeping pill, and in other instances the A2AR pathway agonist is administered in a non-drowsy formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds having a function of a peptide in the amylin family, related nucleic acids, expression constructs, host cells, and processes production of the compounds. The compounds of the invention include one or more amino acid sequence modifications. In addition, methods and compositions are disclosed to treat and prevent metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and increased cardiovascular risk.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a tryptophan-containing peptide and having a Trp/LNAA ratio of more than 0.1 for decreasing eating or appetite during or after stress.

Abstract: Charged nutritive proteins are provided. In some embodiments the nutritive proteins an aqueous solubility of at least 12.5 g/L at pH 7. In some embodiments the nutritive proteins an aqueous solubility of at least 50 g/L at pH 7. In some embodiments the nutritive proteins an aqueous solubility of at least 100 g/L at pH 7.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel Exendin variant and the Exendin variant conjugate conjugating polymer thereon, the pharmaceutical composition comprising them and use of them for treating diseases such as reducing blood glucose, treating diabetes, especially Type II diabetes. The invention also provides the use of Exendin conjugate for lowering body weight.

Abstract: Novel spatially-defined macrocyclic compounds incorporating peptide bond surrogates are disclosed. Libraries of these macrocycles are then used to select one or more macrocycle species that exhibit a specific interaction with a particular biological target. In particular, compounds according to the invention are disclosed as agonists or antagonists of a mammalian motilin receptor and a mammalian ghrelin receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treatment of a condition or disease where administration of insulin will be of benefit, comprising administering, to a patient in need thereof, effective dosages of an insulin, insulin analogue or derivative thereof, which exhibits a prolonged profile of action, wherein said dosages are administered at intervals of varying length.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel glucagon peptides, to the use of said glucagon peptides in therapy, to methods of treatment comprising administration of said glucagon peptides to patients in need thereof, and to the use of said glucagon peptides in the manufacture of medicaments. The glucagon peptides of the present invention are of particular interest in relation to the treatment of hyperglycemia, diabetes and obesity, as well as a variety of diseases or conditions associated with hyperglycemia, diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to produce a composition comprising water-soluble peptides and having a Trp/LNAA ratio of more than 0.15, which comprises hydrolyzing lysozyme, preferably hen eggs lysozyme, to prepare a hydrolysate having a DH of between 5 and 45.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of nutrition; in particular to the prevention and/or treatment of malnutrition. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a nutritional composition enriched in cysteine for use in the treatment and/or prevention of malnutrition and disorders related thereto. Such a composition may in particular, but not exclusively, be useful for the elderly population.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing, treating or controlling conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition are provided. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an Amylin or an Amylin agonist to a subject in order to prevent, treat or control conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition.

Abstract: A process for producing a peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect, said process comprising hydrolyzing soybean residues with one or more proteases so that the peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect is obtained. Also disclosed is the composition containing the peptide product and the use thereof.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention disclosed herein include methods of inducing satiety a mammal in need thereof. Also disclosed are methods of inducing satiety in an obese mammal. Additionally disclose are method of suppressing appetite in a mammal in need thereof. Further disclosed are methods of treating obesity. The methods described herein involve the administration of serotonin, a serotonin agonist or a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor to the mammal.

Abstract: A novel cyclic heptapeptide that is useful as a preadipocyte differentiation-inhibitory agent or an adipocyte fat accumulation-inhibitory agent, and the use of such agents, are provided. A novel cyclic heptapeptide represented by the following formula is provided. wherein R is CH3, CH2CH(CH3)2, CH2OCH2C6H5, CH(OH)CH3, or CH2OH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nociceptin peptide mimetics that have ?-helical structures and bind to and modulate the opioid receptor-like-1 (ORL-1) receptor. The peptide mimetics are constrained cyclic nociceptin analogues which have either agonist or antagonist activity. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the nociceptin peptide mimetics and methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition ameliorated by modulating the ORL-1 receptor are also described.

Abstract: Various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis can be treated with a compound selected from an incretin mimetic and a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in combination with a Compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Three of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen and the remainder are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, perfluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, and perfluoromethoxy; and m is 0, 2 or 4. R6 is hydrogen, O or hydroxy, and X is —OR7, wherein R7 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or R6 is hydrogen, and X is —NR8R9, wherein R8 is hydrogen or hydroxy and R9 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. When X is —NR8R9, hydroxy none of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is hydroxy.

Abstract: Methods of treatment using Fzd8 extracellular domains (ECDs), Fzd8 ECD fusion molecules, and/or antibodies that bind Fzd8 are provided. Such methods include, but are not limited to, methods of treating obesity and obesity-related conditions. Fzd8 ECDs and Fzd8 ECD fusion molecules are also provided. Polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences, vectors, host cells, and compositions comprising or encoding such molecules are provided. Methods of making and using Fzd8 ECDs, Fzd8 ECD fusion molecules, and antibodies that bind Fzd8 are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence given below, together with uses of the peptide and methods associated therewith. The peptide finds particular use as an appetite suppressant and in the treatment of obesity.

Abstract: The present invention provides Oxyntomodulin peptide analogues useful in the treatment of diabetes and/or obesity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a mutant CRP molecule in which tyrosine 175 is replaced by leucine (Y175L CRP) or the leucine 176 is replaced by glutamic acid (L176E CRP) for the treatment of various disease states and conditions associated with SLE, including lupus of the skin (discoid), systemic lupus of the joints, lungs and kidneys, hematological conditions including hemolytic anemia and low lymphocyte counts, lymphadenopathy and CNS effects, including memory loss, seizures and psychosis, among numerous others as otherwise disclosed herein. In another aspect of the invention, the reduction in the likelihood that a patient who is at risk for an outbreak of a disease state or condition associated with SLE will have an outbreak is an additional aspect of the present invention. The present invention relates to the use of mutant Y175L CRP or L176E CRP in the treatment of a number of disease states or conditions that occur secondary to systemic lupus SLE.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel analogs of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which are agonists for the PACAP/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors: PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. These PACAP analogs can be used as prophylactic/therapeutic agents for a wide range of medical disorders, including (but not limited to) cancer and autoimmune disease. These PACAP analogs can be coupled to suitable radionuclides and used in the localization, diagnosis and treatment of disseminated cancers and metastatic tumors, or coupled to small molecule therapeutics and used as vectors for targeted drug delivery. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of one or more PACAP-like compounds of the invention either alone or in combination with one or more other prophylactic/therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Provided is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue shown as the following formula, wherein X is selected from glycine and glycinamide. The GLP-1 analogue has a non-proteogenic amino acid residue in position 8 relative to the sequence GLP-1, and is acylated with a moiety comprising two acidic groups to the lysine residue in position 26. The GLP-1 analogue is resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase IV so as to have an extended half-life in vivo. Also provided is a use of the GLP-1 analogue in conquering blood sugar.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a weight-loss composition including protein and fat and methods of use. The weight loss composition is substantially free of carbohydrates. The composition induces body weight loss when administered to a subject as the only source of nutrition for at least 12 hours.

Abstract: A nutritional intervention composition for reducing post-prandial blood glucose levels in humans, including between about 0.1 mg and about 500 mg of a proteinase inhibitor that is administered prior to the meal. The composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the effects of hyperglycemia and Type II diabetes. The composition also is effective in combating obesity. The proteinase inhibitor is preferably isolated from plant material, such as potatoes, soy, and beans. Potato proteinase inhibitor II and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor are included in the group of effective proteinase inhibitors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high protein dietary supplements for treating various symptoms and diseases associated with protein deficiency including weight gain, obesity, catabolic diseases, fibromyalgia, anxiety reactions, posttraumatic stress and chronic fatigue syndrome. Embodiments of dietary supplements comprise combinations of proteins, essential and semi-essential amino acids including L-Lysine, L-Arginine, and/or L-Histidine.

Abstract: Peptide analogues of PYY, compositions comprising said analogues and methods of using said analogues for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders, for example disorders of energy metabolism such as diabetes and obesity, and for a reduction in appetite, reduction in food intake or reduction of calorie intake in a subject.

Abstract: Use of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) by oral-sublingual or injectable route for the treatment of several food disorders, as an appetite-suppressant agent, food compulsiveness as well as all of those pathologies related to hunger and/or appetite modifications, including overweight, obesity, anorexia, bulimia, emotional hyperphagia, without excluding other pathologies associated to overingestion or reduced ingestion. It also includes its use for the treatment of behavior disorders associated with an increased ingestion, either behavior disorders, neurosis, borderline personality disorders or psychosis, without excluding other psychosomatic disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptide compounds which are effective in modulating one or more melanocortin receptor types, to the use of the compounds in therapy, to methods of treatment comprising administration of the compounds to patients in need thereof, and to the use of the compounds in the manufacture of medicaments. The compounds of the invention are of particular interest in relation to the treatment of obesity as well as a variety of diseases or conditions associated with obesity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound according to formula, (R2R3)-B1-A1-c(A2-A3-A4-A5-A6-A7-A8-A9)-A10-A11-A12-A13-B2-B3-R1, that act as ligands for one or more of the melanocortin receptors, the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, to methods of using such peptides to treat mammals and to pharmaceutical compositions useful therefore comprising said peptides.

Abstract: A dietary supplement for regulating the appetite of an individual is described. The dietary supplement comprises at least one mechanical satiety regulator, and at least one chemical satiety inducer, and may additionally comprise at least one thermogen, and/or at least one side effect remover. The dietary supplement induces satiety based on a combination of occupying part of the volume of the stomach, inducing sending signals to the brain in respect of satiety. Furthermore the dietary supplement may maintain or increase metabolism and reduce side effects such as the amount of produced flatulence. The dietary supplement may comprise fibre, whey, plant parts from plants e.g. of the genus Capsicum and plant parts from a species e.g. of the genus Mentha.

Abstract: A method for treating obesity and more particularly a method for treating diet-induced obesity in a subject comprising administering to said subject an isolated unacylated ghrelin peptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, a fragment thereof or a cyclic fragment thereof such as a cyclic unacylated ghrelin fragment. The method being achievable without affecting the food intake of the subject.

Abstract: The invention comprises peptidyl analogs of ghrelin having greater stability which are active at the GHS receptor according to formulae depicted below: (R2)-A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6-A7-A8-A9-A10-A11-A12-A13-A14-A15-A16-A17-A18-A19-A20-A21-A22-A23-A24-A25-A26-A27-A28-R1 wherein the definitions of A1 to A28, R1 and R2 are provided for in the specification, with the exception that the N-terminal amino acid must be selected from the group consisting of Inp, 1-Apc and 4-Apc, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of said compound together with therapeutic and non-therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: A safe and widely-applicable food intake regulator can be provided by using at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of a fish or mammalian melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and enzymatic digests thereof, which have the activity to suppress food intake.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing, treating or controlling conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition are provided. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an Amylin or an Amylin agonist to a subject in order to prevent, treat or control conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition.

Abstract: Modified oxyntomodulin derivatives. Such derivatives can be used for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: The invention comprises peptidyl analogs according to formulae (I) or (II) as depicted below: (R2R3)-A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6-A7-A8-A9-A10-A11-A12-A13- A14-A15-A16-A17-A18-A19-A20-A21-A22-A23-A24-A25- A-26-A27-A28-R1 wherein the definitions of A1 to A28 and R1 to R3 are provided for in the specification for each of formulae (I) and (II), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), that possess agonist or antagonist ghrelin activity, along with therapeutic and non-therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention enables management of mammalian disease related to decreased energy production in the mitochondria by a combination of liposomal reduced glutathione and 1-arginine. For individuals whose inability to lose weight is related to inefficiency of the biochemical pathways facilitating mitochondrial function and energy production, the invention proposes to assist in weight loss by improving the inefficient production of energy by the respiratory transport chain of mitochondria. The invention is useful for the management of the metabolic syndrome, a group of metabolic factors associated with an increased risk of vascular disease problems. The invention is also useful for the resolution of fatigue that accompanies both weight gain and illnesses. The ability of the invention to increase the production of the biochemical agmatine in the central nervous system as well as generally in the body is part of the benefit of the combination of liposomal reduced glutathione and 1-arginine.

Abstract: Peptide analogs of nociceptin/orphanin FQ, compositions thereof, and their use in treatment of disorders and dysfunctions related to activation or blocking of NOP receptors are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for appetite suppression and weight control. Preferred peptides are calcitonin analogs, preferably with specific amino acid changes to make the peptide more amylin-like.

Abstract: The invention provides (i) a method of treating metabolic syndrome in an animal, (ii) a method of suppressing the appetite of an animal, (iii) a method of treating obesity in an animal, (iv) a method of reducing the weight of an animal in need thereof, (v) a method of reducing a blood lipid level in an animal in need thereof, (vi) a method of treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in an animal, and (vii) a method of inhibiting adipogenesis. The methods comprise administering an effective amount of an active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient comprises a diketopiperazine, a prodrug of a diketopiperazine or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of either of them to the animal. The invention also provides a kit comprising a container holding a diketopiperazine, a prodrug of a diketopiperazine or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of either of them; and instructions for administration. The diketopiperazines have the formula given in the application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I); variants or derivatives thereof, or salts or solvates thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of such compounds to control appetite, feeding, food intake, energy expenditure and calorie intake, particularly in the treatment of obesity.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for appetite suppression and weight control. Preferred peptides are calcitonin analogs, preferably with specific amino acid changes to make the peptide more amylin-like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multimeric (e.g., dimeric, trimeric) forms of peptide vectors that are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or efficiently entering particular cell types. These multimeric peptide vectors, when conjugated to agents (e.g., therapeutic agents) are capable of transporting the agents across the BBB or into particular cell types. These compounds are therefore particularly useful in the treatment of neurological diseases.