Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing pathology or inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), or the brain, caused or mediated by NFkB, IL-6, IL-6-R, NADPH oxidase (Nox), and/or superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide production by a NADPH oxidase, including for example ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing schizophrenia, psychosis, delirium, e.g., post-operative delirium, drug-induced psychosis, psychotic features associated with frailty syndrome (FS), aging, depression, dementias; traumatic war neurosis, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease), and/or Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The invention also provides methods for purifying a C60 fullerene, C3 (tris malonic acid C60) or malonic acid derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel microtubule-disrupting agent, and also provides a use of the microtubule-disrupting agent. A microtubule-disrupting agent containing an ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound as an active ingredient is provided. Further, a cancer cell proliferation inhibitor containing the microtubule-disrupting agent is also provided. As the ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound, 6-shogaol is preferably used.

Abstract: Phenylboronic acid and water soluble derivatives thereof and related boronic acid compounds are used for treating fungal and bacterial infections.

Abstract: A bacterial autoinducer, CAI-1, was purified and its structure identified. Methods for synthesis of the autoinducer and its analogues were elucidated. Methods of using the autoinducer or its analogues for treating bacterial pathogenicity and bio film formation are described. Methods for prevention and treatment of cholera are described. Synthetic (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one functions as well as natural CAI-1 in repressing production of the virulence factor toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). Strategies are described to manipulate bacterial quorum sensing in the clinical arena.

Abstract: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of oleamide (an endogenous sleep-inducing lipid) and anandamide (an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors). Disclosed herein are potent inhibitors of FAAH and methods for their use for treating a variety of disorder, including hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

Abstract: A method for treating skin, reducing oxidative damage to a skin cell, reducing lipoxygenase (LO) activity in a skin cell, reducing cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in a skin cell, reducing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in a skin cell, or reduction matrix metalloproteinase enzyme activity in a skin cell comprising contacting skin or a skin cell with an aromatic skin-active ingredient.

Abstract: A composition-of-matter comprising a substance usable in producing packaging material and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ar-turmerone, a sesquiterpene alcohol and a turmeric oleoresin solid residue.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of treating and abrogating spinal muscular atrophy by administering an antioxidant. Additionally, the invention provides a method of protecting the SMN protein by administering an antioxidant.

Abstract: The endocannabinoid transporter and FAAH are sites of modulation that allow pharmacological enhancement of protective endocannabinergic signals. Selective inhibitors of the transporter and inhibitors of FAAH caused additive augmentation of endogenous signaling events mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Disruption of such signals has been shown to prevent neuronal maintenance processes and increase vulnerability to brain damage. Here, blocking endocannabinoid inactivation enhanced cannabinergic activity and ameliorated cellular disturbances associated with excitotoxicity. Modulating the endocannabinoid system in this way also prevented excitotoxic behavioral abnormalities including memory impairment. Collectively, these results indicate that increasing endocannabinoid responses by inhibiting the endocannabinoid transported and/or the inhibiting FAAH leads to molecular, cellular, and functional protection against excitotoxic insults like stroke and traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pest-controlling compositions comprising as active ingredients one or more ?-diones, particularly ?-diketones and ?-triketones, and to the use of these compositions inter alia for preventing, eradicating, destroying, repelling or mitigating harmful, annoying or undesired pests including insects, arachnids, helminths, molluscs, protozoa and viruses. The present invention is further directed to processes of preparing ?-diones by de novo synthesis or from natural sources such as volatile oil-bearing plants from families including Alliaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Cannabinaceae, Lamiaceae, Pteridaceae, Myrtaceae, Myoporaceae, Proteaceae, Rutaceae and Zingiberaceae.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as alpha-tocopherol quinone. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel acylphloroglucinols which have strong growth inhibitory effects on multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria, particularly MRSA. Typically the compounds have a terpene substituent, or a terpene-derived substituent. Methods of isolating the compounds from natural sources, and synthetic methods for forming the compounds are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered vitamin/mineral complex tablet having enhanced stability of ubidecarenone. The present invention is characterized in that ubidecarenone is contained in a first layer, and ingredients decreasing the stability of ubidecarenone are contained in an additional layer separated from the first layer. The method is a convenient process, and the formulation prepared by the method can maintain a high content of ubidecarenone during long-term storage, thereby providing a simultaneous intake of ubidecarenone and nutritional ingredients such as various vitamins.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adjuvant for improving the bioavailability of bioactive compositions. The adjuvant is prepared from a byproduct of mint flavor production. In vitro and in vivo testing confirms effectiveness. The adjuvant contains a mixture of compounds which is effective to improve the oral bioavailability of a bioactive composition normally having limited absorptivity, and it comprises a mixture of nonpolar compounds and compounds with some polar characteristics. In preferred form the nonpolar compounds comprise compounds selected from a group that includes terpene hydrocarbons and terpene derivatives and the compounds with some polar characteristics comprise compounds selected from a group that includes aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. The preferred compositions will have a ratio of nonpolar compounds and compounds with some polar characteristics is within the range of from 5:1 to 20:1. The adjuvants can enhance delivery of CoQ10 and other bioactive compositions, such as carotenoids (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating chronic pain in a mammal by administering to the mammal an effective amount of a selective persistent sodium channel antagonist that has at least 20-fold selectivity for persistent sodium current relative to transient sodium current.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of decreasing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in a cell. Such methods include administering an effective amount of a GFAP lowering compound to the cell. Also provided are compounds useful for the treatment of Alexander disease in subjects at risk of or diagnosed with Alexander disease and methods for the identification of such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating chronic pain in a mammal by administering to the mammal an effective amount of a selective persistent sodium channel antagonist that has at least 20-fold selectivity for persistent sodium current relative to transient sodium current.

Abstract: A composition-of-matter comprising a substance usable in producing packaging material and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ar-turmerone, a sesquiterpene alcohol and a turmeric oleoresin solid residue.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 2,6-diisopropyl phenol 2,6-diisopropyl phenol analogs and sterile, stable pharmaceutical compositions of 2,6-diisopropyl phenol 2,6-diisopropyl phenol and analogs thereof useful as an antioxidant in the treatment of ischemic injury including stroke and other cerebral injury. 2,6-diisopropyl phenol or its analogs are administered in a dosage effective to produce blood levels and brain levels of the drug that can prevent free radical damage associated with ischemic injury.

Abstract: Treatment of cells or subjects (e.g., humans, animals) carrying or infected with a virus capable of causing an immunodeficiency disease by administration of one or more compounds that inhibit integrase.

Abstract: The present invention provides caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and a method of preparing for the same, and also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, and uses of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of virus diseases, in particular, uses of respiratory syncytial virus and hepatitis B virus, which has the characteristics of safety, high effectiveness and low toxicity.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating neurological disorders in a mammal by administering to the mammal an effective amount of a selective persistent sodium channel antagonist that has at least 20-fold selectivity for persistent sodium current relative to transient sodium current.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating beta-amyloid protein-involved ocular disease including age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, pharmaceutical compositions and compounds useful for the same, and the use of these compounds for the manufacture of a medicament for treating the same. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of natural product compounds isolated from Curcuma sp., Zingiber sp., Ginkgo biloba, Salvia sp., and Rosmarinus sp. and synthetic chemical analogues thereof, for the treatment of a beta-amyloid protein-involved ocular disease.

Abstract: The invention describes the use of an injectable form of Idebenone to induce protect from neuronal damage, improve recovery after brain trauma; stroke, intoxication, neurodegenerative diseases, memory loss or neuropathology associated with neuroinflammation or infection damage and to restore cognitive function, suppress disorientation, alcoholic and drug abuse associated syndromes and other signs of neuronal damage.

Abstract: The use of compositions containing one or more phytochemicals such as gingerols, paradols, and mixtures thereof for aiding in the control, reduction or elimination of Propionibacterium acnes. Aframomum melegueta extracts containing the one or more phytochemicals can be used against P. acnes to effect the growth of the bacterium on a surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 2A6, 2A13, and/or 2B6 and tobacco products comprising them. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the ability to modulate, namely to improve, enhance and or modify fragrance compositions due to their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, e.g. CYP2A13 and CYP2B6.

Abstract: ?-Aminoamide derivatives useful as antimigraine agents, particularly for the treatment of head pain conditions such as migraine, cluster headache or other severe headache, are disclosed. The antimigraine agents of the invention are able to reduce or even stop the pain deriving from such conditions without, virtually, any side effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating neurological disorders in a mammal by administering to the mammal an effective amount of a selective persistent sodium channel antagonist that has at least 20-fold selectivity for persistent sodium current relative to transient sodium current.

Abstract: The invention describes use of injectable form of Idebenone to improve recovery after general anesthesia and of cognitive functions, suppress disorientation and other signs of neuronal damage.

Abstract: The present invention provides masking compositions that include a lower alkyl carboxylic acid, e.g. acetic acid. Also provided is a masking composition that includes (a) a lower alkyl carboxylic acid (e.g. acetic acid), a warming sensate (e.g. vanillin or vanillyl butyl ether) and/or a cooling sensate (e.g. menthol or isopulegol).

Abstract: Novel perfluoroketone compounds of formula [I] and [Ia] are described. Also described are uses thereof, such as for inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. Therapeutic uses thereof are also described, such as for the treatment of neural conditions and/or inflammatory conditions, such as demyelinating (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and neural injury (e.g., spinal cord injury).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions comprising benzoquinones such as Duroquinone, for the use of treating, regulating or preventing a skin condition characterized by oxidative stress or a degenerative process. Methods of preventing, lightening or reducing the appearance of visible and/or tactile discontinuities of the skin resulting from skin pigmentation or skin aging are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pharmacologically effective mixture of a polymyxin composition and a hop composition having a synergistic effect on bacteria greater than the antibacterial effect of those compositions administered separately.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula R—X—Y that may be used to inhibit the action of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) will slow the normal degradation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid ligands by FAAH hydrolysis and allow higher levels of those endogenous cannabinergic ligands to remain present. These higher levels of endocannabinoid ligands provide increased stimulation of the cannabinoid CB1i and CB2 receptors and produce physiological effects related to the activation of the cannabinoid receptors. They will also enhance the effects of other exogenous cannabinergic ligands and allow them to produce their effects at lower concentrations as compared to systems in which fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) action is hot inhibited. Thus, a compound that inhibits the inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid ligands by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) may increase the levels of endocannabinoids and, thus, enhance the activation of cannabinoid receptors.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I: wherein: R1 and R2 are, independently of each other, selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-10alkyl, optionally substituted —CO—(C1-10alkyl), optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted —CO—(C3-10cycloalkyl), optionally substituted C2-10alkenyl, optionally substituted —CO—(C2-10alkenyl), optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted —CO-aryl, or R1 and R2 together represent an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated C1-10alkylidene group, or an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated C3-10cycloalkylidene group, or R1 and R2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated organic ring containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring carbon atoms and optionally 1, 2 or 3 ring heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; R3, which may be the same as, or different from, either of R1 and R2, is selected from optionally substituted C1-10alkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycl

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for prevention and treatment of drug or alcohol addiction or bipolar disorder, comprising sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA). The pharmaceutical composition for prevention and treatment of drug or alcohol addiction or bipolar disorder in accordance with the present invention provides effects capable of inhibiting increases in locomotor activity which is a behavioral indicator of drug or alcohol addiction or bipolar disorder, by controlling a level of a neurotransmitter via regulation of expression of a neurotransmitter transporter.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a compound of the Formula: (I) wherein R1 is C1-5 alkoxy, OCOC1-3Alkyl, O(CH2)2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OMe, O(CH2)2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH or OH; R2 is H, (CH2)nOH, OCH3, Hal or (II) or (III) R3 is H or (CH2)nOH; and R4 is C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more of Hal, OH, COCH3, NH2, NHCH3, NHMe, NMe2, OCOCH3, CO2H or esters or amides thereof where n is 1-5; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in modulating PKB activity.

Abstract: A cosmetic or dermatological preparation which is suitable for application to skin and comprises 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane-1-one in a concentration which is effective for at least one of increasing skin moisture content, moisturizing skin, improving the surface structure of the skin, reducing cellulite, increasing the resilience and elasticity of skin, strengthening the connective tissue of skin, and reducing stretch marks on skin. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Use of idebenone for the preparation of a medicament for transmucosal administration.

Abstract: The invention describes novel compositions comprising at least one apocynin compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one nitric oxide donor, and, optionally, at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides novel kits comprising at least one apocynin compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one nitric oxide donor compound, and, optionally, at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides methods for (a) treating cardiovascular diseases; (b) treating renovascular diseases; (c) treating diabetes; (d) treating diseases resulting from oxidative stress; (e) treating endothelial dysfunctions; (f) treating diseases caused by endothelial dysfunctions; (g) treating gastrointestinal disorders; (h) treating inflammatory disorders; and (j) treating respiratory disorders. The apocynin compound may preferably be apocynin. The nitric oxide donor compound may preferably be isosorbide dinitrate and/or isosorbide mononitrate.

Abstract: An antiwrinkle agent, lipolysis promoter, external composition for skin, and food and beverage composition having for an active ingredient thereof a compound represented by general formula (1): (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms) or an extract obtained from guinea ginger and/or an acylation treatment product of said extract.

Abstract: A skin cosmetic composition comprising the compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2 is hydrogen or glucose residue.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a composition suitable for normalizing the blood pressure, which is useful as food, health food, supplement, nutritional supplement, food for specified health uses, food with nutrient function claims, pharmaceutical product, quasi-drug, feed or pet food. The present inventors have found that coenzyme Q has a superior effect for normalizing the blood pressure and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention provides a composition for normalizing the blood pressure, which contains reduced coenzyme Q as an active ingredient, and a composition for normalizing the blood pressure, which contains oxidized coenzyme Q as an active ingredient and improves hypotension.

Abstract: Methods and kits for controlling bleeding from a disrupted blood vessel, wherein a vanilloid receptor agonist is administered to the site of the disruption of the blood vessel in a quantity sufficient to control the bleeding.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition including a salt of rhodizonic acid, an OH anion-generating base, a non-toxic acid, a quinone, a salt-containing sulfite, catechol and, optionally, an acetogenin. The formulation demonstrates positive effects against cancer, autoimmune disease, viruses and provides antioxidant protection against peroxyl, hydroxyl and super oxide radicals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds which exhibit antiviral activity against a plurality of viruses belonging to different families such as Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Poxviridae. Thus, methods of preventing, inhibiting, or reducing the viral activity of various viruses are provided as well as methods of treating viral infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a ginger extract on its own or in combination with pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting human drug transporters for positively influencing the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of active substances.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder superior in water-dispersibility/solubility, workability and tabletability, which contains an oil component containing a bioactive substance, a water-soluble polymer, a saccharide other than polysaccharides and a surfactant, at a particular ratio. The powder can be utilized for food, food with nutrient function claims, food for specified health uses, nutritional supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drinks, feed, pharmaceutical product, quasi-drug, cosmetic and the like.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide an agent for preventing and/or ameliorating life style-related diseases which contains, as an active ingredient, a substance derived from a safe food material having a long history of being eaten as a food and which is capable of being utilized as functional foods such as health foods or functional health foods (specific health foods, functional nutritive foods). The agent for preventing and/or ameliorating life style-related diseases according to the invention contains, as an active ingredient, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ar-turmerone, ?-turmerone, ?-turmerone, curlone, bisacumol and ?-sesquiphellandrene, or at least one compound selected from among the bisabolane type sesquiterpenoids derived from Curcuma longa L., and therefore is useful for preventing and/or ameliorating diabetes, visceral fat obesity, metabolic syndrome and obesity, among others.