Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises a mixture of polypeptides of opposite charge and an excipient selected from the group consisting of arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, beta-hydroxy cyclodextrin, and beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of blunting the postprandial glycemic response to a meal by feeding a dual induced viscosity fiber system. The first component of the induced viscosity fiber system is soluble fiber. The second component of the induced viscosity fiber system is water-insoluble, acid-soluble multivalent cations. The third component of the induced viscosity fiber system in lightly hydrolyzed starch. The fiber system will typically be incorporated into a meal replacement nutritional. The present invention also refers to a method of delivering soluble fiber to diabetics and to persons needing to lose weight. Additionally, the invention refers to a method of promoting the feeling of fullness and satiety by feeding a nutritional product containing the induced viscosity fiber system.

Abstract: A stable composition of a drug comprising a carrier having a phosphatidylcholine component which entraps the drug is applied to the skin for transdermal delivery of the drug.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the treatment or prevention of preferably non-insulin dependent (NIDDM or so-called Type II) diabetes mellitus, or other conditions associated with impaired glucose tolerance such as obesity, and in particular to the use of phytanic acid derivatives for the said treatment and/or prevention. A method of making a composition for the treatment or prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and related diseases comprising combining phytanic acid or derivatives thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive or adjuvant, and a composition for the treatment or prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus comprising phytanic acid or derivatives thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A method for preventing and or reducing the symptoms of insulin resistance and a related syndrome in persons comprises identifying persons having or at risk for having such symptoms, and administering to them an effective amount of a composition comprising niacin-bound chromium that prevents or reduces the symptoms. Compositions incorporating niacin-bound chromium and additional compounds also are disclosed that are particularly effective in synergistically preventing or reducing these symptoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synergistic composition for the treatment of diabetes in a subject in need thereof, said composition-comprising Trigonelline of concentration ranging between 20 to 30%, amino acids of concentration ranging between 20 to 60%, and soluble fiber of concentration ranging between 10 to 60%, optionally along with pharmaceutically acceptable additives, a process thereof and also, a method of treating diabetes.

Abstract: Biologically active 19-nor vitamin D analogs substituted at C-2 in the A-ring with an ethylidene or an ethyl group. These compounds have preferential activity on mobilizing calcium from bone and either high or normal intestinal calcium transport activity which allows their in vivo administration for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases where bone loss is a major concern. These compounds are also characterized by high cell differentiation activity.

Abstract: Method of treating autoimmune conditions are disclosed comprising administering to a mammalian subject IL-12 or an IL-12 antagonist. In certain preferred embodiments the autoimmune condition is one which is promoted by an increase in levels of IFN-? or TNF-?. Suitable conditions for treatment include multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune pulmonary inflammation, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes melitis and autoimmune inflammatory eye disease.

Abstract: The use of calcium channel blockers administered intra-nasally to inhibit olfactory sensory perception to treat eating disorders, including obesity, is described. Also described is a method of reducing food intake in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a calcium channel blocker to the nasal mucosa, as well as screening methods for drugs to be used in treating obesity or associated disorders.

Abstract: Derivatives of glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) and especially GLP-1 (7-37) have been found to have insulinotropic activity. The invention pertains to a composition comprising an acid addition salt of GLP-I (7-37) and to a composition comprising a carboxylate salt of GLP-I (7-37). The invention also pertains to method of treating type II diabetes mellitus by providing derivatives of GLP-I (7-37) to the patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides effective supplement foods and safe pharmaceuticals, each having a hypotensive effect and anti-diabetic effect and no adverse effects. The supplement foods and pharmaceuticals of the present invention comprise squash extract mixed with onion extract. Synergistic effect of the two extracts can be expected by mixing the onion extract with the squash extract.

Abstract: A method for preventing and or reducing the symptoms of insulin resistance and a related syndrome in persons comprises identifying persons having or at risk for having such symptoms, and administering to them an effective amount of a composition comprising niacin-bound chromium that prevents or reduces the symptoms. Compositions incorporating niacin-bound chromium and additional compounds also are disclosed that are particularly effective in synergistically preventing or reducing these symptoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyloxypyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; one of Q1 and T1 represents a group represented by the general formula: while the other represents a lower alkyl group or a halo(lower alkyl) group; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a halo(lower alkyl) group or a halogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications or obesity, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (1), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof: wherein m represents an integer of 0 to 4, n represents an integer of 5 to 9, and R represents hydrogen atom or a protective group of hydroxyl group, which has reducing actions of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and triglyceride, and is useful for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of diabetes, complications of diabetes, hyperlipemia and others.

Abstract: Novel insulin precursors comprising a connecting peptide (mini C-peptide) of preferably up to 6 amino acid residues and comprising at least one Pro are provided. The precursors can be converted into human insulin or desB30 human insulin.

Abstract: Compounds useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in a subject predisposed thereto which comprises administering to the subject a polypeptide derived from soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct in an amount effective to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in the subject. The present invention also provides for a method to prevent a macrovessel disease in a subject predisposed thereto which comprises administering to the subject a polypeptide derived from soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct in an amount effective to prevent macrovessel disease in the subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to substituted fused heterocyclic C-glycosides, compositions containing them, and methods of using them, for example, for the treatment or prophylaxis of diabetes and Syndrome X.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a macromolecular pharmaceutical agent in mixed micellar form are disclosed. The mixed micelles are formed from an alkali metal alkyl sulfate, and at least three different micelle-forming compounds as described in the specification. Micelle size ranges between about 1 and 10 nanometers. Methods for administering the compositions are also disclosed. A preferred method for administering the present composition is through the buccal region of the mouth, which has been demonstrated to achieve peak plasma levels of the pharmaceutical agent in about thirty minutes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of immunomodulating therapy and pharmaceutical compositions useful for same. More particularly, the present invention provides a method of ameliorating the effects of autoimmune conditions. Even more particularly, the present invention contemplates a method for preventing, delaying onset of or otherwise ameliorating the effects of insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM) by administering a cell wall subunit or a chemical or functional equivalent thereof from Mycobacterium or a related organism or other suitable biological source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing ?-glucosidase inhibition to a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a ?-glucosidase inhibitory agent selected from pipataline (formula 1a), sesamin (formula 1b), pellitorine (Formula 1c), guineensine (Formula 1d) and brachystamide-B (formula 1e) having therapeutic application for diabetes mellitus, cancer, viral diseases such as hepatitis B and C, HIV, AIDS etc; also the invention provides a process for the isolation of said ?-glucosidase inhibitory agent from the plant source Piper longum in significant yields.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medicinal aerosol suspension formulation and more particularly, to a medicinal aerosol formulation containing a particulate drug or a combination of at least two particulate drugs, a propellant and a stabilizing agent comprising a water addition.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of blunting the postprandial glycemic response in a human by feeding an induced viscosity fiber system. The invention also relates to an induced viscosity fiber system and the liquid products that incorporate the induced viscosity fiber system. Further, the invention relates to a method of incorporating soluble fiber into a liquid product without the typical negative organoleptic or physical stability issues. The invention also relates to a method of inducing the feeling of fullness and satiety by feeding the induced viscosity fiber system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-inflammatory composition containing humate, such as insoluble, granular, other insoluble, or soluble humate, particularly Menefee Humate®. The invention also includes other anti-inflammatory compositions containing humate and at least one additional anti-inflammatory agent such as indomethacin or another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The invention includes a method of treating acute or chronic inflammation in an animal, including a human, by administering one of these compositions. A method of facilitating the therapeutic effect of a therapeutic drug in an animal by co-administering humate is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of the disaccharide derivatives 3?-aminosucrose, sucrose-C6-acid and palatinose-C6?-acid and/or of an amide or alkyl ester thereof for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemias.

Abstract: An active substance is extracted from an herbal composition which comprises: Centaurii umbellatum, Gentianaceae (centaury plant), Teraxacum officinale, Asteraceae (dandelion root), Juniperi communis L, Cupresaceae (juniper berry), Urticae dioica L, Urticeae (nettle plant), Urticae dioica L, Urticaceae (nettle root), Cichorium intybus L, Cichoriaceae (chicory root), Morus nigra L, Moraceae, (mulberry leaf), Achilleae millefolium L, Asteraceae (yarrow flower), Vaccinium myrtillus L, Ericaceae (bilberry leaf), Phaseolus vulgaris L, Fabaceae (bean pods), Valeriana officinalis L, Valerlanaceae (Valerian root). The active substance is used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions used in connection with control of diabetes mellitus type II.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyloxypyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; one of Q1 and T1 represents a group represented by the general formula: while the other represents a lower alkyl group or a halo(lower alkyl) group; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a halo(lower alkyl) group or a halogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications or obesity, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of the disaccharide derivatives 3?-aminosucrose, sucrose-C6-acid and palatinose-C6?-acid and/or of an amide or alkyl ester thereof for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemias.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel methods of blocking amyloid protein toxicity in cells using polycylic compounds. Also provided are novel methods of decreasing amyloid protein production in cells and methods of inhibiting cell death. Invention methods can be used to prevent and treat a diverse class of disease conditions, known as amyloidoses, which are all related to the occurrence of amyloid protein deposits. Invention methods further provide methods of identifying compounds that can block amyloid toxicity or block the amyloid protein induced inhibition of MMT reduction.

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: A method for prevention of delaying the onset of diabetes using peptide antagonists of zonulin, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for treatment and prevention of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and its complications comprising the step of administering to a patient a therapeutically-effective amount of Rhamnan Sulphate, its functional analogs, or its physiologically acceptable salts, in therapeutic proportions. Anticoagulation activity in the blood plasma of a patient is not appreciably increased.

Abstract: The subject invention provides pharmaceutical compounds useful in the treatment of Type II diabetes. These compounds are advantageous because they are readily metabolized by the metabolic drug detoxification systems. Particularly, thiazolidinedione analogs that have been designed to include esters within the structure of the compounds are provided. This invention is also drawn to methods of treating disorders, such as diabetes, comprising the administration of therapeutically effective compositions comprising compounds that have been designed to be metabolized by serum or intracellular hydrolases and esterases. Pharmaceutical compositions of the ester-containing thiazolidinedione analogs are also taught.

Abstract: An endocrine cell microdisk or macrodisk containing pancreatic cells for transplantation into an animal body is formed with a lateral extent much greater than its thickness to thereby enhance its diffusional capability. One or more concavities may also be formed therein to further enhance the diffusion of cellular products across the microdisk walls.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrazole-O-glycoside derivatives represented by the following formulae, used as a diabetic medicine.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for achieving in vivo islet cell regeneration in subjects with preexisting diabetes. The methods comprise short term treatment with a composition having a gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor ligand and an EGF receptor ligand. Treatment with such a composition for a short term resulted in a prolonged period of increased insulin release, decreased fasting blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance, the prolonged efficacy, the period being considered from the time of cessation of treatment.

Abstract: Novel chimeric fusion proteins comprising immunodominant epitopes of GAD and insulin are provided. Also provided are immunomodulatory methods for the use of such proteins for both the prevention and treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The chimeric fusion proteins of the invention are useful in predicting risk of onset of Type 1 diabetes, determining prognosis of Type 1 diabetes patients early in disease progression, and in evaluating patients for suitability as recipients of transplants of pancreatic cells or tissues. The administration of the proteins of the invention in accordance with the immunomodulatory methods of the invention results in beneficial effects on disease development and severity in patients suffering from or predicted to be at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, as well as on the outcome of transplants of pancreatic cells or tissues in Type 1 diabetes patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyloxypyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; one of Q1 and T1 represents a group represented by the general formula: while the other represents a lower alkyl group or a halo(lower alkyl) group; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a halo(lower alkyl) group or a halogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications or obesity, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The formulation includes a combination of a chalcone, specifically, methylhydroxychalcone polymer, in the amount of 6 mg to 24 mg, and chromium, in the amount of 500 mcg to 2000 mcg. The formulation also includes a plurality of vitamins and nutrients, vitamins B6, C, E and K including green tea polyphenols and other nutrients.

Abstract: Vanadium compounds for inhibiting angiogenesis useful for treating or preventing diabetic retinopathy, hemangiomas, cancers with abnormal blood vessel supply, restenosis following vascular injury, and the like.

Abstract: The subject invention provides pharmaceutical compounds useful in the treatment of Type II diabetes. These compounds are advantageous because they are readily metabolized by the metabolic drug detoxification systems. Particularly, thiazolidinedione analogs that have been designed to include esters within the structure of the compounds are provided. This invention is also drawn to methods of treating disorders, such as diabetes, comprising the administration of therapeutically effective compositions comprising compounds that have been designed to be metabolized by serum or intracellular hydrolases and esterases. Pharmaceutical compositions of the ester-containing thiazolidinedione analogs are also taught.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel materials and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of autoimmune disease. In a specific embodiment, elevated production of prostaglandin synthase-2 (PGS-2) is correlated with autoimmune dysfunction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a hypolipidemic agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or delay of the progression to overt diabetes, especially type 2, prevention or reduction of microvascular complications (eg, retinopathy, neurophathy, nephropathy), prevention or reduction of excessive cardiovascular morbidity (eg, myocardial infarction, arterial occlusive disease, atherosclerosis and stroke) and cardiovascular mortality, prevention of cancer and reduction of cancer deaths. Additionally, the invention relates to the use of a treatment for diseases and conditions that are associated with IGM, IGT or IFG.

Abstract: Compounds which inhibit certain activities of amylin but which also act as amylin agonists with respect to other amylin activities are disclosed. Such compounds are useful in treating disturbances in fuel metabolism in mammals, including but not limited to, diabetes, mellitus, including Type I diabetes and Type II diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and Syndrome X. The present invention also relates to methods of treating Type I diabetes, beneficially regulating gastrointestinal motility, treating impaired glucose tolerance, treating postprandial hyperglycemia, treating obesity and treating Syndromne X, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of certain compounds, as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), a newly discovered member of the BDNF gene family. It is based, in part, on the identification of regions of nucleic acid sequence homology shared by BDNF and NGF (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/400,591, filed Aug. 30, 1989, incorporated by reference herein). According to the present invention, these regions of homology may be used to identify new members of the BDNF/NGF gene family; such methodology was used to identify NT-3. The present invention provides for the genes and gene products of new BDNF/NGF related neurotrophic factors identified by these methods. According to the invention, NT-3 may be used in the diagnosis and/or treatment of neurologic disorders, including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Because NT-3 has been observed to exhibit a spectrum of activity different from the spcificities of BDNF or NGF, NT-3 provides new and valuable options for enducing regrowth and repair in the central nervous system.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds generated and accumulated in the peritoneal dialysate can be inactivated or eliminated by a carbonyl compound-trapping agent such as aminoguanidine. Carbonyl compounds generated during sterilization and storage of the peritoneal dialysate can be eliminated by pre-contacting with the trapping agent. Further, it is possible to eliminate carbonyl compounds transferred from the blood to the peritoneal cavity of the patient during peritoneal dialysis treatment, by adding the trapping agent to the peritoneal dialysate or by circulating the fluid through a carbonyl compound-trapping cartridge. Intraperitoneal protein modification by carbonyl compounds is inhibited by the present invention, thereby sufficiently reducing peritoneal disorders associated with peritoneal dialysis treatment.

Abstract: Provided herein is a heretofore unknown insulin analogue, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such an insulin analogue, as well as processes for preparing such an insulin analogue and such a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: A method for treatment of a diabetic condition, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of at least one isoform of sulfatide is administered to a patient, wherein said at least one isoform of sulfatide upon administration to the patient affects the sulfatide metabolism in such a way that it results in an increased amount of sulfatide. Also the use of at least one isoform of sulfatide for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation for treatment of a diabetic condition is disclosed. Said isoform is preferably an isoform with 8-24 carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain, more preferably 12, 14, 16 or 18 carbon atoms, and most preferably 16 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Modulation of the activity of the insulin receptor, enhancement of glucose uptake by cells, and other effects significant in the control and management of diabetes are accomplished using compounds of the formula wherein each A is independently a proton-accepting substituent; each R is independently a noninterfering substituent; n is 0, 1, or 2; and each linker is independently an isostere of —NHCONH— or of —N?N— or of —NHCO—. Compounds in the genus of Formula (1) can also be used for structure activity studies to identify features responsible for the relevant activities.

Abstract: The invention provides an analogue of a pharmaceutical active whose molecular weight is less than 25,000 Daltons, the analogue comprising a pharmaceutical active whose molecular weight is less than 25,000 Daltons covalently linked to a pendant molecular group wherein as a result of the administration of the composition to the human or animal body an active complex having a molecular weight of 25,000 Daltons or greater is present in the human or animal circulatory system. The analogue is hepatoselective when administered to the circulatory system. Preferably the analogue is an insulin analogue comprising an insulin or functional equivalent thereof covalently linked to the pendant molecular group wherein the active complex is an insulin complex. Such an insulin analogue may be used in a method of insulin replacement therapy.