Abstract: A composition used to treat diabetes is disclosed. The composition is made by first, mixing an isolated embryo bud and isolated seed coat from rice with a fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum to form a mixture. Next, the mixture is fermented with an Aspergillus oryzae strain to produce a resulting fermentate. Then, the resulting fermentate is dried to produce a dried fermentate. Next, the dried fermentate is crushed into a fine powder and lastly, the powder is mixed with vitamin B to form the composition.

Abstract: 20-HETE agonists and antagonists are disclosed along with therapeutic applications. In a preferable form of the invention, the 20-HETE agonists are selected from the group consisting of 21-hydroxyheneicosa-5(Z),8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-tetraenoic acid, 20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z),14(Z)-dienoic acid and 20-,21-dimethyl 20-HETE. Preferable 20-HETE antagonists include 5(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, 19(S)-HETE, 19-hydroxynonadeca-5(Z),8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-tetraenoic acid and 20-hydroxyeicosa 6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of identifying a mammal with a hormone disorder, or identifying a mammal at risk of developing a hormone disorder. The method comprises determining the serum concentration of estrogen, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin in the mammal, calculating their ratio, or F factor, and administering to the mammal a hormone disorder-effective amount of a therapeutic agent until a therapeutic F factor is achieved, or maintained in the mammal. The present invention is also directed to methods, kits, combinations, and compositions for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of developing a hormone disorder, or a disease or disorder associated with, or related to, a hormone disorder, such as cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel complexes consisting of certain GLP-1 molecules associated with a divalent metal cation that is capable of co-precipitating with a GLP-1 molecule. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using such complexes for enhancing the expression of insulin in B-type islet cells is claimed, as is a method for treating maturity onset diabetes mellitus in mammals, particularly humans.

Abstract: Para-alkynyl phenyl heteroaromatic amides which are active as glucokinase activators to increase insulin secretion which makes them useful for treating type II diabetes.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions comprising at least one peptide selected from glucagon, GLP-1, and analogues and derivatives thereof together with a stabilizing and solubilizing amount of at least one detergent, said detergent having at least 2 positive charges, at least 2 negative charges, or a combination of at least one positive charge and at least one negative charge.

Abstract: This invention is directed to methods, pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said ARI or said prodrug and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said SSRI or said prodrug. This invention further relates to methods of using those pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diabetic complications such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, myocardial infarction, cataracts and diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract: A method for mediating the activity of PPAR-&ggr; receptor comprising contacting said PPAR-&ggr; receptor with a compound of formula I defined herein. Also disclosed is the treatment of a patient suffering from a physiological disorder capable of being modulated by a compound of formula I having PPAR-&ggr; ligand binding activity, comprising administering to the patient a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for detecting the deficiency of magnesium tightly bound to cellular membranes, i.e. magnesium binding defect, which deficiency is associated with certain abnormal physiological states e.g., salt-sensitive essential hypertension or Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) metformin, optionally in the form one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts; (ii) a fibrate selected from fenofibrate and bezafibrate; and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, is suitable for use in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Abstract: Implantable devices that include a source of a therapeutic substance and a capture agent are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for treating diabetes by administering an inhibitor of GDF-8, or a related member of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-&bgr;) superfamily of structurally-related growth factors (e.g., GDF-11) are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for upregulating expression of hexose transporters, such as GLUT4 and GLUT1, in a subject by administering an inhibitor of GDF-8. Also disclosed are methods for increasing glucose uptake by cells in a subject, by administering an inhibitor of GDF-8.

Abstract: An infant formula in a powder or solution form including nutritional components and an insulin supplement. A method of feeding an infant including the steps of dissolving an infant formula powder containing nutritional components and an insulin supplement in water for obtaining a solution including said nutritional components and said insulin supplement and feeding the infant with the solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides high mechanical strength amphiphilic polymer networks and implantable biological devices that are capable of encasing and, thus, immunoisolating biological material from the immunological response of a host individual. The present invention also provides methods for the formation of the amphiphilic networks and implantable biological devices. The present invention also provides a method for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus comprising the steps of encasing a sufficient amount of islet of Langerhans cells within said biological device, wherein said biological device is capable of immunoisolating said encased islet cells upon implantation into an individual; implanting said biological device into a diabetic host individual; allowing said implanted biological device to remain implanted said diabetic individual for a time sufficient to normalize the blood glucose level in said diabetic individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fatty acid analogues of the general formula (I): CH3—[CH2]m—[xi—CH2]n—COOR, as defined in the specification, which can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes. Further, the invention relates to a nutritional composition comprising such fatty acid analogues.

Abstract: Described are substituted cyanoenamines of formula I wherein Z, R1, R2 and R3 are defined in the description, compositions thereof and methods for preparing these compounds. These compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system and the endocrinologic system.

Abstract: The invention disclosed comprises a method for administering the antidiabetic drug glipizide to a patient in need of glipizide in need of antidiabetic therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of creatine compounds for treating or preventing a metabolic disorder related to body weight control such as obesity, and it's associated diseases in a patient experiencing said disorder. The creatine compounds which can be used in the present method include (1) analogues of creatine which can act as substrates or substrate analogues for the enzyme creatine kinase; (2) compounds which can act as inhibitors of creatine kinase; (3) compounds which can modulate the creatine transporter (4) N-phosphocreatine analogues bearing transferable or non-transferable moieties which mimic the N-phosphoryl group. (5) compounds which modify the association of creatine kinase with other cellular components.

Abstract: A new use of a zinc tranexamate compound in the treatment of diabetes is disclosed. Oral administration of the compound adequately slows down absorption of glucose from digestive tracts by inhibiting &agr;-glucosidase in vivo. The zinc tranexamate compound is also effective in the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes.

Abstract: A complex between a water-soluble polymer containing hydrophobic regions and a glycolipid, immunoassays utilizing the complex as an immune reagent and diagnostic methods to be used in the context of neuropathy and insulin-dependent diabetes. The diagnostic methods employ anti-glycolipid antibody as a marker. The preferred glycolipid is sulfatide.

Abstract: A method of increasing glutathione levels in mammalian cells comprising administering an oral bolus of encapsulated pharmaceutically stabilized glutathione in a rapidly dissolving formulation to a mammal on an empty stomach. Pharmaceutical formulations including glutathione are also disclosed.

Abstract: Wound healing is impaired in many diabetics, who suffer increased risk of chronic foot ulceration and amputation. Diabetic patients with poor healing ability were found to possess significantly lower fasting urinary nitrate levels than diabetic patients with normal healing ability or non-diabetic controls, implicating decreased endogenous nitric oxide activity as the mediator of diabetes-impaired wound healing. Methods and kits are provided for predicting the wound healing ability of diabetic patients based on the levels of nitric oxide related products such as nitrate or nitrite in urine or other specimens. Methods are also provided for treating non-wound healing diabetics and monitoring diabetic ulcer treatment.

Abstract: A therapeutic food composition for treatment of diabetic patients to diminish fluctuations in blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemic episodes, comprising per unit about 20-50 grams of nutrients including slowly absorbed or digested complex carbohydrate, preferably uncooked cornstarch; more rapidly absorbed complex carbohydrate; protein; fat; and at least one sweetening agent, but less than about 3 grams of any simple sugar other than fructose. Fructose may be present in the composition in quantities greater than 3 grams per unit. Diabetic patients may be treated to diminish blood sugar fluctuations and prevent hypoglycemia via the administration of the novel food composition as an evening or pre-bedtime snack-or during the daytime hours to patients receiving insulin therapy or engaging in activities that might provoke hypoglycemia.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method for treating hyperinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into the pancreas, thereby reducing insulin secretion from a B cell, and a method for treating hypoinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into a sympathetic ganglion, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon insulin secretion.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition which comprises an insulin sensitizer in combination with an anorectic, which is useful as an agent for preventing or treating diabetes.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing blood glucose levels and reducing the hyperglycemia associated with Type II diabetes. Synthetic chromic tripicolinate is administered either orally or parenterally to a human in need thereof at a dosage of between about 1,000 amd 10,000 micrograms per day.

Abstract: This invention discloses a kind of pine needle extract. The extract can be used to treat the following diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, diabetes, hyperlipemia, high blood viscosity, high blood aggregation, scleratheroma, cerebral infarction, brain scleratheroma, senile dementia, sudden deafness, etc.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (1) are described: wherein L1 is a covalent bond or a linker atom or group; R is a carboxylic acid (—CO2H) or a derivative threof; R6 and R7 which may be the same or different is each an atom or group —L2(Alk2)tL3R12 in which L2, L3, Alk2 and t are as previously defined and R12 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an —OR9, —NR9R10, —NO2, —CN, —CO2R9, —CONR9R10, —COR9, —N(R9)COR10, —N(R9)CSR10, —SO2N(R9)(R10), —N(R9)SO2R9, —N(R9)CON(R10)(R11), —N(R9)CSN(R10)(R11), —N(R9)SO2N(R10)(R11), or an optionally substituted aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group provided that R6 and R7 are not both hydrogen atoms and when R7 is a hydrogen atom then R4 and R5 is each a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy or nitro group; and the salts, solvates, hydrates and N-oxides thereof, for use in modulating cell adhesion.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, contains more than 600 mg of a compound of formula (I): where Y is O; R is NHCONR4R5; or N═C(NR4R5)2. Also, another pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, contains a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula (I): where Y is O; R is OH.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel dithiocarbamamte disulfide dimer useful in various therapeutic treatments, either alone or in combination with other active agents. In one method, the disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate is coadministered with an agent that inactivates (or inhibits the production of) species that induce the expression of nitric oxide synthase to reduce the production of such species, while, at the same time reducing nitric oxide levels in the subject. In another embodiment, free iron ion levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate(s) to scavenge free iron ions, for example, in subjects undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. In another embodiment, cyanide levels are reduced in a subject by administration of a disulfide derivative of a dithiocarbamate so as to bind cyanide in the subject. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to compositions and formulations useful in such therapeutic methods.

Abstract: The current invention relates to the use of D-chiro-inositol in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance who do not have Type 2 diabetes. D-chiro-inositol and related oral compositions may be used in treating abnormal glucose tolerance and metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mammals, and thus help prevent the progression to insulin-resistant Type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: Wound healing is impaired in many diabetics, who suffer increased risk of chronic foot ulceration and amputation. Diabetic patients with poor healing ability were found to possess significantly lower fasting urinary nitrate levels than diabetic patients with normal healing ability or non-diabetic controls, implicating decreased endogenous nitric oxide activity as the mediator of diabetes-impaired wound healing. Methods and kits are provided for predicting the wound healing ability of diabetic patients based on the levels of nitric oxide related products such as nitrate or nitrite in urine or other specimens. Methods are also provided for treating non-wound healing diabetics and monitoring diabetic ulcer treatment.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of acidic gut syndrome resulting from the accumulation of acid and production of endotoxin in the gastrointestinal tract of a human or an animal, said accumulation resulting from the fermentation of carbohydrate in the gastrointestinal tract of said human or animal, wherein said method comprises administering to said human or animal an effective amount of an active agent capable of preventing or controlling acid and endotoxin accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: Methods for controlling serum glucose level in a mammal comprising ingesting a stabilized rice bran derivative selected from the group consisting of a solubilized fraction, an insolubilized fraction, an enzyme treated stabilized rice bran and mixtures thereof, thereby reducing serum glucose level in said mammal.

Abstract: Novel therapeutic regimens are provided which comprise the administration of therapeutically effective amounts of an inhibitor to dipeptidyl peptidase (DP-IV) or enzymes of similar activity whereby their ability to degrade the incretins, GLP-1 and GIP, is reduced. As a result hyperglycemia, such as that accompanying food intake may be reduced due to improved insulin release. A preferred therapeutic regimen amongst a number of routes of administration and inhibitors that may be used comprises the oral administration of isoleucyl thiazolidine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a combination drug product comprising troglitazone, e.g. its hydrochloride, and a biguamide, e.g. metformin. In particular, the product comprises a core of metformin, at least a portion thereof has a layer or coat thereon of troglitazone.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel method and composition for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (Type I, Impaired Glucose Tolerance [“IGT”] and Type II). More specifically, this invention pertains to a novel method of treating diabetes mellitus by incorporating a therapeutic amount of one or more insulin sensitizers along with one or more of an orally ingested insulin, an injected insulin, a sulfonylurea, a biguanide or an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions of vanadium biguanide complexes, and methods of use, are provided for the treatment of hyperglycemia and related disorders, e.g. hypertension, obesity, and lipid disturbances. The pharmaceutically active complexes of the invention comprise a biguanide chelant, preferably a 1-substituted biguanide chelant, capable of chelating vanadium to form a six-membered unsaturated vanadium-containing ring. The vanadium of the complex is coordinated with oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen, particularly oxygen coordinated. The complexes are formulated with a physiologically acceptable carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the complexes are formulated for oral administration.

Abstract: Disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is shown to inhibit angiogenesis and to be useful in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent disorders, including neoplasms, and to prevent cell hyperproliferation and formation of clots along or around medical devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of R-(+)-&agr;-lipoic acid, R-(−)-dihydrolipoic acid or their metabolites, salts, esters and amides for the synthesis of drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus of types I and II, compensated and decompensated insulin resistance and sequelae or late complications of diabetes mellitus, such as cataracts, polyneuropathy, nephropathy, as well as sequelae or late complications of insulin resistance. These drugs mentioned can also be used advantageously in combination with other antidiabetic drugs, particularly with insulin, and/or other additives or stabilizers or adjuvants, such as vitamin B, vitamin C, NADH, NADPH and ubiquinone. The invention furthermore relates to the use of R-(+)-&agr;-lipoic acid, R-(−)-dihydrolipoic acid or their metabolites, as well as their salts, esters and amides for the preparation of drugs for the treatment of diseases with limited function of or a lowered content of the glucose transporters.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reducing mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction. GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, or a GLP-1 derivative, is administered at a dose effective to normalize blood glucose.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which comprises a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient: wherein n is an integer of 2 of 3, Y is a hydrogen atom or halogen atom, and X is a formyl group, acetyl group or hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to insulin derivatives in which a lipophilic group having from 12 to 40 carbon atoms is attached to the &agr;-amino group of the N-terminal amino acid in the B-chain or to the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid in the B-chain have a protracted profile of action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds and methods of using them for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. They are particularly well-suited for treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved infant formula containing a lipid blend that softens the firmer stools associated with typical infant formula. A specific formula in accordance with the invention comprises carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals and a lipid mixture of high oleic safflower oil, soy oil and coconut oil at specific levels and ratios. The invention also discloses novel mixtures of fatty acids that provides infant stool patterns more closley resembling the breast-fed infant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to solid matrix nutritionals designed for the person with diabetes. The carbohydrate system of this invention utilizes a source of fructose in combination with at least one nonabsorbent carbohydrate to achieve the same effect of prior art complex multi-component carbohydrate systems. This carbohydrate system has the added benefits of tasting good and can be incorporated into solid matrix nutritionals. The solid matrix nutritionals may also include a source of dietary fiber and a source of indigestible oligosaccharides. The solid matrix nutritionals may be administered to a diabetic in the form of cereal, bread, cookies, muffins, bagels, biscuits, crackers and bars. Particularly, the present invention is directed to a nutritional bar designed for the person with diabetes which incorporates the carbohydrate system.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical composition which comprises an insulin sensitivity enhancer in combination with other antidiabetics differing from the enhancer in the mechanism of action, which shows a potent depressive effect on diabetic hyperglycemia and is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: This invention describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which comprises administering an analog of an obesity protein. This invention further describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which coomprises administering an analog of an obesity protein in combination with a neuropeptide Y antagonist. This invention demonstrates that the obesity protein acts by reducing the production of neuropeptide Y by the hypothalamus.

Abstract: Insulin derivatives with increased zinc binding where Z is a histidine residue or a peptide having 2 to 35 genetically encodable amino acid residues, having 1 to 5 histidine residues, are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of diabetes. Insulins of the formula I form complexes with zinc++, comprising an insulin hexamer and approximately 5 to 9 mol of zinc++ per hexamer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to insulin derivatives which in comparison to human insulin, have an accelerated onset of action, to a process for their preparation and to their use, in particular in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In particular, the present invention relates to insulin derivatives or physiologically tolerable salts thereof in which asparagine (Asn) in position B3 of the B chain is replaced by a naturally occurring basic amino acid residue and at least one amino acid residue in the positions B27, B28 or B29 of the B chain is replaced by another naturally occurring amino acid residue, it optionally being possible for asparagine (Asn) in position 21 of the A chain to be replaced by Asp, Gly, Ser, Thr or Ala and for phenylalanine (Phe) in position B1 of the B chain and the amino acid residue in position B30 of the B chain to be absent.