Abstract: A process for preparing bi-modal water emulsions is disclosed comprising: I) forming a mixture comprising; A) 100 parts by weight of a hydrophobic oil, B) 1 to 1000 part by weight of a water continuous emulsion having at least one surfactant, II) admixing additional quantities of the water continuous emulsion and/or water to the mixture from step I) to form a bi-modal emulsion.

Abstract: Aqueous liquids containing an organic compound and an N-(2-hydroxyalkyl) substituted N-alkylamine, which can be used in emulsion lubricants, emulsion coolants and metalworking fluids resulting in excellent biostability, emulsion stability and overall performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Pickering destabilisation method. The present invention also relates to a method for phase separation, and specifically to a method for separating hydrocarbons for hydrocarbon extraction, as well as to a method for manufacturing porous substrates and to a method for manufacturing finished products.

Abstract: A method for cleaning an oil spill in a marine environment includes forming a particle-stabilized emulsion containing seawater, carbon black and at least one oil spill component and allowing the at least one oil spill component to degrade, thereby removing said component from the marine environment. Carbon black can be added to an oil-seawater mixture to form a stabilized emulsion containing at least one oil spill component and the oil spill component allowed to degrade, thereby removing the at least one oil spill component from the oil spill. Also disclosed is an emulsion that includes one or more oil spill components, seawater and carbon black particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising a siloxane having the formula: M1DM2 wherein M1=(R1)(R2)(R3)SiO1/2; M2=(R4)(R5)(R6)SiO1/2 and D=(R7)(Z)SiO2/2 where R1, R2, R3 R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 1 to 4 carbon monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, aryl, and a hydrocarbon group of 4 to 9 carbons containing an aryl group; Z is a pendant hydrophilic ionic group selected from the group consisting of R8—RA, R9-RC, and R10—RZ; RA being an anionic substituent, RC a cationic substituent or RZ a zwitterionic substituent on the D group wherein said siloxane has an enhanced resistance to hydrolysis at a pH below 6 or a pH above 7.5.

Abstract: Reversible switchable surfactants are provided. A surfactant is the salt of an amidine or guanidine: having at least one R group that is a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of higher aliphatic moiety, higher siloxyl moiety, higher aliphatic/siloxyl moiety, aliphatic/aryl moiety, siloxyl/aryl moiety, and aliphatic/siloxyl/aryl moiety. The other R groups are smaller moieties such as H, C1 to C4 aliphatic or the like. The surfactant is turned on by a gas that liberates hydrogen ions, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, which liberates hydrogen ions in the presence of water. The surfactant is turned off by exposure to a flushing gas and/or heating. When “on” the surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions, and when “off” they are useful to separate immiscible liquids or a liquid and a solid. The surfactants find uses in polymerization and in the oil industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising a siloxane having the formula: M1D M2 wherein M1=(R1)(R2)(R3)SiO1/2; M2=(R4)(R5)(R6)SiO1/2 and D=(R7)(Z)SiO2/2 where R1, R2, R3 R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 1 to 4 carbon monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, aryl, and a hydrocarbon group of 4 to 9 carbons containing an aryl group; Z is a pendant hydrophilic ionic group selected from the group consisting of R8—RA, R9 Rc and R10—RZ; RA being an anionic substituent, Rc a cationic substituent or Rz a zwitterionic substituent on the D group wherein the composition is resistant to hydrolysis under either basic or acidic conditions.

Abstract: A method comprises providing a drilling fluid comprising: an aqueous fluid; and a microemulsion surfactant; and drilling a well bore in a subterranean formation comprising an oleaginous fluid using the drilling fluid, wherein the microemulsion surfactant forms a microemulsion with the oleaginous fluid within the well bore. In accordance with the method, the subterranean formation has a retained producibility greater than about 50%.

Abstract: This Invention relates to products and processes for making extreme-pressure additives (water-dispersible and oil-based). The process includes nitrating fatty raw material sources such as animal fats, vegetable oils, the fatty acids and synthetic esters derived therefrom, terminal or internal olefins, polyalkenes or their linear copolymers, and alkylated phenols, using 70% nitric acid or nitrogen dioxide gas. The additives are used as soluble oils or as lubricating blends by the inclusion of emulsifiers. The nitrated unsaturated fatty acids such as tallow fatty acid, oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, tall-oil derived dimer acids, castor oil fatty acid, alkyl succinic acids, are modified by post-reaction to form alkanolamine (monoethanolamine, triethanolamine) salts or alkanolamides in order to obtain the derived water-dispersible nitro-EP additives.

Abstract: A method for etching features in a dielectric layer is provided. A mask is formed over the dielectric layer. A protective silicon-containing coating is formed on exposed surfaces of the mask. The features are etched through the mask and protective silicon-containing coating. The features may be partially etched before the protective silicon-containing coating is formed.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting a zwitterionic surfactant, co-surfactant, and water to form a microemulsifier, and contacting the microemulsifier with an oleaginous fluid under low shear conditions to form a microemulsion. A method comprising introducing a first wellbore servicing fluid comprising at least one oleaginous fluid into a wellbore, wherein the first wellbore servicing fluid forms oil-wet solids and/or oil-wet surfaces in the wellbore, and contacting the oil-wet solids and/or oil-wet surfaces in the wellbore with a second wellbore servicing fluid comprising a zwitterionic surfactant, a co-surfactant, and a brine to form a microemulsion.

Abstract: Reversibly switchable negatively charged surfactants are provided. The anionic surfactant is formed in aqueous solution by providing an absence of CO2 and is converted to a non-surfactant neutral state through exposure to CO2. The anionic switchable surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions. In the neutral state they are useful to separate immiscible liquids. The surfactants find uses in polymerization, the oil industry, remediation of oil-contaminated soil and recapture of oil contaminant, and formation of solid particles such as plastics and nanoparticles.

Abstract: A well treatment microemulsion for use in a subterranean formation is disclosed, the microemulsion comprises a solvent blend comprising a solvent and a co-solvent; a surfactant blend comprising a surfactant, wherein the surfactant blend is able to give formation intermediate wettability properties; an alcohol; and a carrier fluid; wherein the alcohol, the solvent and surfactant blends are combined with the carrier fluid to produce the well treatment microemulsion. By intermediate wettability it is meant that the water has an advancing contact angle on the surface between 62 and 133 degrees. The associate method of treating a subterranean formation of a well with the microemulsion and the associate method of modifying the wettability of the formation with the microemulsion are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant composition containing a cationic surfactant (hereinafter referred to as a compound (A)), one or more compounds (hereinafter referred to as a compound (B)) selected from anionic aromatic compounds and bromide compounds and a cationic polymer (C), wherein compound (A) and (B) are selected when meeting the following condition: a combination of the compounds (A) and (B) ensures that that the viscosity (20° C.) of a solution prepared by mixing an aqueous solution SA of the compound (A) and an aqueous solution SB of the compound (B) in the same ratio is at least two times the viscosity of any one of the aqueous solutions (20° C.) before being mixed.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting a zwitterionic surfactant, co-surfactant, and water to form a microemulsifier, and contacting the microemulsifier with an oleaginous fluid under low shear conditions to form a microemulsion. A method comprising introducing a first wellbore servicing fluid comprising at least one oleaginous fluid into a wellbore, wherein the first wellbore servicing fluid forms oil-wet solids and/or oil-wet surfaces in the wellbore, and contacting the oil-wet solids and/or oil-wet surfaces in the wellbore with a second wellbore servicing fluid comprising a zwitterionic surfactant, a co-surfactant, and a brine to form a microemulsion.

Abstract: The current invention encompasses a microemulsion having environmentally safe components, the microemulsion exhibiting optical clarity and stability over a wide range of temperatures. The microemulsion also forms a part of a decontaminant solution for treating chemical and biological contaminant agents, the solution preferably containing peroxycarboxylic acids generated from solids as the primary decontamination agent. The solution is a single phase emulsion that is both stable and effective over a broad range of temperatures, the range extending well below 0° C. There is also disclosed a microemulsion decontaminate solution having components that stabilize the included solid and peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A continuous output system makes paper coating by combining an emulsifier with ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride) particles having a mean average size in the low to sub-micron region. A turbine, pump, blender or other device exposes the ASA to a number of repeated episodes of high shear until the resulting ASA is in the form of particles having a mean average diameter in approximately the 1? range. The measure of the amount of high shear is identified by an energy factor index. A system for cooling the ASA enables the processing without causing a hydrolyzing of the ASA, even when a heated cooked emulsion is used.

Abstract: The current invention encompasses a microemulsion having environmentally safe components, the microemulsion exhibiting optical clarity and stability over a wide range of temperatures. The microemulsion also forms a part of a decontaminant solution for treating chemical and biological contaminant agents, the solution preferably containing peroxycarboxylic acids generated from solids as the primary decontamination agent. The solution is a single phase emulsion that is both stable and effective over a broad range of temperatures, the range extending well below 0° C. There is also disclosed a microemulsion decontaminate solution having components that stabilize the included solid and peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Provided herein are organophilic clays that comprise a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are fluids that comprise an oil and an organophilic clay comprising a smectite clay modified by reaction with a protonated amphoteric surfactant. Also provided are methods of preparing and using these organophilic clays.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsifier system, which comprises a nanoparticle with a positive or negative net charge and a hydrophobic compound of opposite charge to the nanoparticle that will bind to the nanoparticle making it hydrophobic and the use of that system for preparing water-in-oil (WIO) emulsions as well as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention relates to amine-functionalized polyisobutylenes. Methods for preparing the amine-functionalized polyisobutylenes are also described. Furthermore, the invention relates to microemulsion coating compositions comprising the amine-functionalized polyisobutylenes which can be applied to various surfaces, especially metallic vehicle surfaces, wherein the compositions form a protective barrier on the surface and improve the drying rate, protection and shine of the surface. The coating compositions have a long service life and withstand numerous washing cycles. Moreover, the coating compositions when applied to surfaces, hydrophobize the same and allow for easy removal of water by increasing the contact angle of water droplets and thus reducing the “footprint” thereof.

Abstract: A slurry rheology modifier comprises a first water-soluble low-molecular compound [referred to hereinafter as compound (A)] and a second water-soluble low-molecular compound [referred to hereinafter as compound (B)] being different from the compound (A), wherein the viscosity of an aqueous solution at 20° C. prepared by mixing an aqueous solution SA (with a viscosity at 20° C. of 100 mPa·s or less) of compound (A) with an aqueous solution SB (with a viscosity at 20° C. of 100 mPa·s or less) of compound (B) in the ratio of 50/50 by weight can be at least twice as high as the viscosity of either aqueous solution before mixed.

Abstract: A dispersant comprising a polyester chain obtainable by polymerising a hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone thereof such as E-caprolactone with a cyclic alkylene carbonate such as 5,5-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate. The dispersant may be in the form of a phosphate ester where the polyester chain is reacted with a phosphating agent such as polyphosphoric acid or the polyester chain may be attached to a polyamine or polyimine such as polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: Phase stable, pumpable, liquid, high solids, aqueous monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions are disclosed for use as cold mixable monoalkanolamide delivery systems for separately prepared aqueous formulations containing at least one principal surfactant. The monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions comprise at least one monoalkanolamide characterized in its unemulsified form by having an amide content of at least about 85% and by being substantially solid and water insoluble at a temperature below about 30° C., and at least one monoalkanolamide emulsifying surfactant and, surprisingly, remain homogeneous, pourable, and pumpable at a total solids content of at least 20 weight percent at a temperature in the range of about zero ° C. to about 30° C.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilised by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: A wash composition that includes a polymeric surfactant and methods for using the wash composition are described herein.

Abstract: Methods for continuously producing HIPR silicone in water emulsions are disclosed. The methods use low shear devices, and thus the temperature of the emulsions is kept low, while enhanced particle size and viscosity are obtained.

Abstract: A quaternary surfactant comprising a cyclic diamine group, compositions comprising the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant, a gelled aqueous composition comprising the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant, use of the gelled aqueous well treatment applications and methods of preparation and intermediates used to prepare the quaternized amido cyclic amine surfactant.

Abstract: This invention is a method of preparing a quaternized amidoamine surfactant comprising reacting an amidotertiaryamine of formula with methyl halide and alkylene oxide, an aqueous quaternized amidoamine surfactant composition, a gelled aqueous composition comprising the quaternized amidoamine surfactant composition and one or more salts or alcohols and use of the gelled aqueous composition for fracturing subterranean formations.

Abstract: A continuous output system makes paper coating by combining an emulsifier with ASA particles having a mean average size in the low to sub-micron region. A turbine, pump, blender or other device exposes the ASA to a number of repeated episodes of high shear until the resulting ASA is in the form of particles having a mean average diameter in approximately the 1? range. The measure of the amount of high shear is identified by an energy factor index. A system for cooling the ASA enables the processing without causing a hydrolyzing of the ASA, even when a heated cooked emulsion is used.

Abstract: Phase stable, pumpable, liquid, high solids, aqueous monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions are disclosed for use as cold mixable monoalkanolamide delivery systems for separately prepared aqueous formulations containing at least one principal surfactant. The monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions comprise at least one monoalkanolamide characterized in its unemulsified form by having an amide content of at least about 85% and by being substantially solid and water insoluble at a temperature below about 30° C., and at least one monoalkanolamide emulsifying surfactant and, surprisingly, remain homogeneous, pourable, and pumpable at a total solids content of at least 20 weight percent at a temperature in the range of about zero ° C. to about 30° C.

Abstract: Viscoelastic surfactant based aqueous fluid systems useful as thickening agents in various applications, e.g. to suspend particles produced during the excavation of geologic formations. The surfactants are zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactants such as dihydroxyl alkyl glycinate, alkyl ampho acetate or propionate, alkyl betaine, alkyl amidopropyl betaine and alkylimino mono- or di-propionates derived from certain waxes, fats and oils. The thickening agent is used in conjunction with an inorganic water-soluble salt or organic additive such as phthalic acid, salicylic acid or their salts.

Abstract: Phase stables, pumpable, liquid, high solids, aqueous monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions are disclosed for use as cold mixable monoalkanolamide delivery systems for separately prepared aqueous formulations containing at least one principal surfactant. The monoalkanolamide surfactant emulsions comprise at least one monoalkanolamide characterized in its unemulsified form by having an amide content of at least about 85% and by being substantially solid and water insoluble at a temperature below about 30° C., and at least one monoalkanolamide emulsifying surfactant and, surprisingly, remain homogeneous, pourable, and pumpable at a total solids content of at least 20 weight percent at a temperature in the range of about zero° C. to about 30° C.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilized by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of cycloaliphatic diamines as cosolvents for hydrophobic amines in aqueous solution. The cycloaliphatic diamines of the present invention have a formula: where n is 1 or 2, each R is independently selected from a group consisting of: hydrogen, a 1 to 6 carbon aliphatic, and a 0 to 6 carbon containing amine, wherein each R is chosen such that the cosolvent amine comprises at least two amine groups; and a quantity of water to maintain said solution as a homogeneous phase. The cosolvent diamines have particular utility in the formation of water based epoxy resin curing agents. Superior water miscibility is achieved for hydrophobic amines through the use of cycloaliphatic amines as compared to conventional cosolvents.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer composition for flexibilizing building materials, in the form of their aqueous dispersion or of powder redispersible in water, containing a) at least one water-insoluble, film-forming polymer of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free radical polymerization, b) at least one compound from the group consisting of the water-soluble polymers of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free radical polymerization, and the ionic and nonionic emulsifiers, and c) a mixture of at least two organosilicon compounds, at least one of which is an amino-functional organosilicon compound present in salt form.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composition comprising a mixture with ester and amine function in the form of ester-amines, amines, salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in polymerized polyunsaturated oil comprising: (a) polymerizing a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil to form a polymerized oil, (b) treating the polymerized oil with water vapor, and (c) reacting the polymerized oil with an excess of at least one compound containing at least one hydroxyl function and at least one tertiary amine function, optionally in the presence of a catalyst. Said methods further comprise adding the compositions to an oil effluent as dispersing agents for hydrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous organopolysiloxane emulsion for use as an adjuvant to hair-care treatment toiletry preparations suitable in respect of the good storage stability and relatively large average diameter of the organopolysiloxane droplets of 0.1 to 1.0 mm despite the high viscosity of the organopolysiloxane and the high content of the organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane emulsion consists of: (A) 70 to 90% by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 1×105 mPa·s or higher; (B) 1 to 15% by weight of a surface active agent; and (C) 5 to 25% by weight of water.

Abstract: A low-foam emulsifier system is presented containing (a) an ethoxylate/propoxylate of one or more C8-C18 fatty alcohols, where the ethoxylate/propoxylate contains 2 to 6 ethylene oxide units and 4 to 8 propylene oxide units, with (b) a fatty alcohol propoxylate or distillation residue of fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol propoxylate, where the fatty alcohol contains 12 to 24 carbon atoms and up to three propylene oxide units. The weight ratio of (a) to (b) is from 1:0.3 to 0.3:1. The emulsifier system produces a low amount of foam, and is useful in industrial metal processing applications such as cleaning, corrosion protection or cooling lubricant emulsions.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is an agent for the reduction of the degree of shrinkage in hydraulic binders, whereby said agent comprises an alkanolamine of formula R—NH—(AOH) wherein R is hydrogen or a linear or branched aliphatic or cyclic C1-C6-alkyl group, and A is a C2H4-group or C3H6-group, alone or in combination with hydroxy compounds and/or ethers. Furthermore a method for the reduction of the dry shrinkage of binders such as cement, admixed cement, puzzolanas and thereof produced mortars and concretes by means of such a shrinkage reducing agent is described.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition comprising 0.5% to 20% by weight of a cationic emulsifier, up to 75% by weight of siloxane and water, wherein the siloxane is liquid and has units according to the formula Ra Si O4−a/2 wherein R is hydrocarbon or OH and a is 0 to 3 and wherein the cationic emulsifier is free from halogen in its counter ion, preferably methosulphate, etho-sulphate, acetate, tosylate, phosphate or nitrate. The siloxane preferably has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 10,000 to 1,000,000 mPa.s and is selected from polydimethyl siloxanes and polydimethyl polymethyl phenyl siloxanes. Also covered is a process of depositing siloxanes from such siloxanes.

Abstract: A cationic rosin-in-water emulsion which has been prepared without intermediate isolation of an anionic rosin-in-water emulsion and in which the dispersed rosin phase is stabilized by a cationic polymer derived from a degraded starch, said polymer having a degree of substitution of at least 0.15 quaternary groups per glucose unit.

Abstract: The present invention deals with novel compounds their applications and a process their preparation. The compounds are novel amphoteric surfactants that contain a hydroxyl group and two carboxylic groups per hydroxyl group. The compounds have a unique structure, having multiple carboxyl groups on each amino group. The utility for these novel polymers is as softening, anti-tangle, and conditioning agents for use in personal care, textile and related applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of cycloaliphatic diamines as cosolvents for hydrophobic amines in aqueous solution. The cycloaliphatic diamines of the present invention have a formula: where n is 1 or 2, each R is independently selected from a group consisting of: hydrogen, a 1 to 6 carbon aliphatic, and a 0 to 6 carbon containing amine, wherein each R is chosen such that the cosolvent amine comprises at least two amine groups; and a quantity of water to maintain said solution as a homogeneous phase. The cosolvent diamines have particular utility in the formation of water based epoxy resin curing agents. Superior water miscibility is achieved for hydrophobic amines through the use of cycloaliphatic amines as compared to conventional cosolvents.

Abstract: Low-foam emulsifier system consisting of:

Abstract: A continuous output system makes paper coating by combining an emulsifier with ASA particles having a mean average size in the low to sub-micron region. A turbine, pump, blender or other device exposes the ASA to a number of repeated episodes of high shear until the resulting ASA is in the form of particles having a mean average diameter in approximately the 1&mgr; range. The measure of the amount of high shear is identified by an energy factor index. A system for cooling the ASA enables the processing without causing a hydrolyzing of the ASA, even when a heated cooked emulsion is used.

Abstract: An improvement is described in microemulsion compositions which are especially effective in disinfecting the surface being cleaned and in the removal of oily and greasy soil without leaving streaks which contains a mixture of at least one nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, a hydrocarbon ingredient, natural disinfectant ingredients, a water soluble solvent, a pH buffer and water.

Abstract: Provided is a low volatile organic content (VOC), isocyanate based curable oil-in-water emulsion of a polyisocyanate crosslinker and a surface active isocyanate reactive material in an aqueous medium, and a process for the preparation thereof. Also provided is a water-in-oil intermediate product to which an aqueous medium can be added to produce the curable oil-in-water emulsions. Such curable emulsions are particularly suited for use in coatings applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making an emulsified composition employing an emulsifier containing a sphingoglycolipid which has a structure represented by the following formula: wherein R1 is a saccharide moiety which consists of three to four hexoses selected from the group consisting of uronic acid, glucosamine, galactose, and mannose, or one uronic acid; R2 is an alkyl group, which may have a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group; and R3 is an alkyl group. The alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the alkynyl group may have a normal chain or a branched chain, and may be substituted or unsubstituted. The emulsifier of the present invention has marked moisturizing effect, skin roughening preventing effect, and emulsifying effect.

Abstract: A stable oil-in-water emulsion for use in cosmetic compositions comprising an oil phase which contains the combination of a polysaccharide such as animo-mullticarboxylate starch derivative and a dimethicone copolyol as emulsifier, and a water phase.