Abstract: A chitin derivative having a carboxyalkyl group having a polysaccharide backbone, said carboxyalkyl group being represented by the following formula (1): wherein n=1 or above, R1 stands for an alkyl group represented by (CH2)pCH3 with p=1 to 20, an alkylcarbonyl group represented by CO(CH2)qCH3 with q=1 to 19, a carboxyalkyl group represented by (CH2)rCOOH with r=1 to 5 or a salt thereof, H, or COCH3, and R2 stands for a carboxyalkyl group represented by (CH2)sCOOH with s=1 to 5 or a salt thereof or H; the degree of deacetylation of the N-acetyl group in chitin is 70 to 100%, wherein 100% deacetylation means one deacetylated N-acetyl group per one monosaccharide unit; 10 to 100% of R1 are selected from alkyl groups (CH2)pCH3 and alkylcarbonyl groups CO(CH2)qCH3, wherein 100% means one alkyl group (CH2)pCH3 or alkylcarbonyl group CO(CH2)qCH3 per one monosaccharide unit; not more than 10% of R1 are carboxyalkyl groups (CH2)rCOOH; 50 to 200% of R2 are carboxya

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to improved high-temperature-gelation-resistant acrylic materials, particularly for use with a polyisocyanate crosslinker in forming low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, curable, oil-in-water emulsions for aqueous coatings. Incorporation of methacrylic acid into copolymers containing COOH and OH groups facilitates the manufacture of low viscosity, low molecular weight, low-VOC acrylic copolymers. Polyols made from methacrylic acid can be maintained at higher temperatures and/or for longer periods of time while maintaining their low viscosities and molecular weights as compared to polyols synthesized from acrylic acid. Low viscosities and molecular weights after polymerization with methacrylic acid comonomers can be maintained at higher temperatures and for longer periods of time than polymers including acrylic acid comonomers, as previously used in the prior art.

Abstract: A continuous output system makes paper coating by combining an emulsifier with ASA particles having sizes in the low to sub-micron region. A turbine, pump, blender or other device exposes the ASA to a number of repeated episodes of high shear until the resulting ASA is in the form of particles having a mean average diameter in approximately the 1&mgr; range. A manifold provides the system piping in order to minimize the internal areas where ASA may build up. This manifold has a plurality of holes bored in a solid metal block so that each of the bores forms a short pipe which is only an inch or two in length in order to reduce the interior surface area of an ASA transport and conveyance system.

Abstract: A stable monophasic liquid composition characterized by the ability to solubilize increased amounts of surfactant into the composition while retaining a monophasic state, the composition comprising: one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; a hydrophobic material; and one or more coupling agents selected from the group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkanes containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with two hydroxyl groups, and alkoxylates thereof containing up to 20 alkoxy units each of which is ethoxy, propoxy, or butoxy, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of the one or more coupling agents effective to increase the amount of the one or more surfactants that can be solubilized in the monophasic composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a higher fatty acid zinc salt which comprises adding a molten higher fatty acid to an aqueous dispersion of zinc oxide and reacting the higher fatty acid with the zinc oxide in the presence of a surfactant or a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol with stirring while the aqueous dispersion is maintained at a temperature that is higher than the melting point of the higher fatty acid used.

Abstract: An improved emulsification base and a method for manufacturing same for non-aqueous chemical additives comprisesa mixture of water from 68 to 92 percent, of 2-amino-2 methyl-1 propanol from 0.1 to 0.2 percent, of an emulsifying surfactant blend from about 2.2 to 3.2 percent, of methyl esters of soybean oil from about 15-20 percent and of a 30% solution of polymer thickener from about 0.25 to 0.50 percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood-impregnating agent, which is an emulsion, dispersion or solution of a cationic, quaternary, amphoteric and/or special non-ionic surfactant, the surfactant or surfactants being poorly soluble in water and the dispersion or emulsion having a mean particle size diameter or a mean droplet size diameter smaller than 1 .mu.m. Preferable surfactants include cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of imidazolines, benzyls, alkyls, dialkyls, monoalkyl-trimethyl, dialkyl-dimethyl, methyl-dialkoxy-alkyl, dialkylmethylbenzyl, diamidoamine and/or cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of complex diquaternary compounds and/or the group of compounds which assume a cationic character in acid medium and/or non-ionic compounds from the group of fatty amine oxides, amine ethoxylate, and/or adducts of an ethylene oxide, which can be protonated on an heteroatom and/or amphoteric compounds from the group of betaines and/or ampholytes.

Abstract: An improvement is described in microemulsion compositions which are especially effective in disinfecting the surface being cleaned and in the removal of oily and greasy soil without leaving streaks which contains a mixture of at least one nonionic surfactant, an organic acid, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, a hydrocarbon ingredient, natural disinfectant ingredients, a water soluble solvent, a pH buffer and water.

Abstract: A classical method of microemulsion formation involves mixing an oil and water with a surfactant (S1), and a co-surfactant (S2). The oil is mostly preferably a cyclic siloxane. The oil is added to a solution of the surfactant (S1) and water. A two-phase system containing the siloxane results. The two-phase system is then titrated with co-surfactant (S2) until a clear isotropic microemulsion results. An emulsion polymerization catalyst is added to the clear isotropic microemulsion, and polymerization of the cyclic siloxane is initiated. The polimerization is allowed to advance until the reaction is complete, or desired degree of polymerization (DP) has been obtained. Microemulsions of high molecular weight silicone polymers with low polydispersity can be produced.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The final emulsions have pHs in the range of from about 3.0 to 5.0 and remain phase stable for extended periods of time. Methods are disclosed for using the emulsions for soil treatment to improve soil stabilization and load bearing capacity for roadbed use, for treatment of reclaimed asphalt pavement for reuse as a stabilized base course for roadway construction and for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid composition for the control of pitch deposition in pulp and paper making comprising an aqueous solution of (1) a derivatized cationic guar, and (2) styrene maleic anhydride copolymer. The invention also relates to a process for inhibiting pitch deposition in pulp and papermaking systems and on papermaking equipment.

Abstract: An oil in water emulsion comprises a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase which is either a hydrophobic liquid which is immiscible with the aqueous phase or is a solid phase obtained by providing an emulsion in the aqueous phase of a solution of potentially solid material in the hydrophobic liquid and converting this solution to a solid phase, and the emulsion is stabilized by the inclusion of water-soluble stabilizing polymer in the aqueous phase and oil solubilizing stabilizing material, generally polymer, in the oil phase. The or each polymer is preferably a copolymer of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, preferably being formed by copolymerization of water-soluble monomer and oil-soluble monomer that provide the desired groups in the polymer without further reaction. Partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol can be used as the water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: A clear single phase composition contains 40-95% by weight of a cyclic or short chain linear methyl siloxane and water, and 5-60% by weight of a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. The cyclic or short chain linear methyl siloxane in the single phase composition has an average structure or droplet diameter of less than about 50 nanometer. The single phase composition spontaneously provides optically clear one phase silicone microemulsions when combined with only hand agitation. The clear single phase compositions are useful in personal care and textile applications.

Abstract: An oil-in-water aqueous organopolysiloxane emulsion suitable as an adjuvant, in particular, in a toiletry preparation such as a hair-care treatment preparation is disclosed by using a unique emulsification system including a quaternary ammonium chloride as a cationic surface active agent, in order to provide a solution for the problem of a dilemma between the use of a C.sub.16 or lower-alkyl quaternary ammonium salt having high emulsification power but exhibiting irritativeness to the human body and the use of a higher-alkyl quaternary ammonium salt having lower emulsification power but exhibiting no irritativeness.

Abstract: An improvement is described in microemulsion compositions which are especially effective in disinfecting the surface being cleaned and in the removal of oily and greasy soil without leaving streaks which contains a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, a hydrocarbon ingredient, natural disinfectant ingredients, a water soluble solvent, and water.