Abstract: A holder for supporting a threaded rod for being embedded in concrete, comprising a central portion including a first opening for receiving an end portion of a threaded rod; a ring portion; arm portions connecting the central portion to the ring portion, the arm portions including respective base portions; leg portions attached to the ring portion; and the central portion extending above and below the base portions.

Abstract: A steel tube supporting construction structure for beam transfer floor in high-rise building and a construction method therefor are provided. The construction structure includes an upper beam formwork, a lower beam formwork, and a stand. The lower beam formwork is provided with a first column formwork on a top wall thereof, the upper beam formwork is detachably provided with a second column formwork on the bottom wall thereof. The second column formwork is detachably provided with a bottom formwork on a lower end of the second column formwork. The second column formwork is provided with a connecting member respectively on an upper end and a lower end thereof for connecting with the upper beam formwork, the lower beam formwork and the bottom formwork. The first column formwork and the second column formwork are each detachably provided with an upright barrel formwork in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A construction formed of column and a beam, where the beam has top and bottom flanges coupled to the column by a lateral bracing system, and a web between the top and bottom flanges. The lateral bracing system may include a column-mounted plate including a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, the vertical portion affixed to the column. The beam may be coped at top and bottom edges of the web to prevent binding of the beam flange with the column-mounted plate upon rotation of the beam relative to the column.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith a prefabricated bathroom and a construction method and an installation method thereof. The prefabricated bathroom includes a bottom unit (11), multiple wall units (12) and a top plate unit (13). One of the wall units (12) is a structural wall (14), which is provided with a recessed top region (141) reserved for later pouring, a middle full-prefabricated structural wall body (142), and a recessed bottom region (143) reserved for later pouring. Top exposed reserve bars (144) of the prefabricated bathroom of a floor are inserted into the recessed bottom region (143) of the prefabricated bathroom of a next floor, and connected with bottom exposed reserve bars (146) thereof, so that the prefabricated bathroom of said floor can be connected with that of said next floor through pouring concrete in the recessed top region (141) and the recessed bottom region (143).

Abstract: A prefabricated self-supporting module for making building structures, more particularly swimming pools, is provided. The module comprises a matrix made of foamed material and a supporting structure made of metal coupled to the matrix. The supporting structure made of metal may be embedded in the matrix made of foamed material (internal supporting structure) and/or cover the matrix made of foamed material (external supporting structure). Thanks to the provision of the supporting structure made of metal, the module is self-supporting, and it does not need any further reinforcements of reinforced concrete. Thanks to the provision of the supporting structure made of metal, the module can be used for making structural supporting elements such as floors, side walls, and so on. This module can be completely made and finished in the factory, so that the steps to be carried out on the construction site are extremely limited, with consequent economic saving.

Abstract: A cover board for use in a roofing system includes a core formed from recycled material. The core has a first major surface and a second major surface. A foil coating including at least one layer of foil material overlies at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface. The foil coating is configured as a radiant barrier.

Abstract: Reinforced concrete structures and assemblies, building systems, and methods of fabrication.

Abstract: In one aspect, a reinforcing assembly includes one or more longitudinally-extending bars having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a midpoint between the first and second ends. The reinforcing assembly also includes multiple downwardly-extending working members each independently connected to at least one of the one or more bars. The working members are oriented diagonally with respect to a longitudinal axis extending along the one or more bars. The working members connected to the one or more bars between the first end and the midpoint are angled in a different direction than the working members connected to the one or more bars between the second end and the midpoint.

Abstract: A shearwall assembly includes a first concrete and a second concrete column and a protrusion extending from a connection end of the respective concrete columns. Each protrusion has two side surfaces and a center surface. A pair of horizontal slab panels are positioned between the respective connecting ends of the first and second concrete columns and abutting the two side surfaces of the respective protrusions. A horizontal reinforcement extends from the center surface of the respective protrusions and between the respective trusses. Concrete is poured at a volume formed between the pair of horizontal slab panels and the first and second concrete columns.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a column shoe for securing steel concrete columns to a base. The column shoe includes a bolt housing, which includes a base-plate provided with a bolt hole, and an upper structure which is connected to the baseplate and to which at least one attachment unit is connected for securing the column shoe and the steel concrete column together. The bolt housing is fabricated by casting such that the upper structure and the baseplate form a single-piece casting. A hole is formed in the bolt housing for the attachment unit. The hole is substantially coaxial with the bolt hole of the baseplate.

Abstract: A framing structure (10) includes elements that are integrally connected by a poured bonding core (18). The elements include a hollow-interior column (12) having an opening (22) in a wall (20) that allows access to the interior and a beam (14) having a cavity (28) that is configured to receive a pourable bonding material (18). The beam (14) is positioned with respect to the column (12) such that the cavity (28) is aligned with the opening (22). Flooring sections (16) are supported by the beams (14).

Abstract: The object of the invention is a column shoe for securing steel concrete columns to a base. The column shoe includes a bolt housing, which includes a baseplate provided with a bolt hole, and an upper structure which is connected to the baseplate and to which at least one attachment unit is connected for securing the column shoe and the steel concrete column together. The bolt housing is fabricated by casting such that the upper structure and the baseplate form a single-piece casting. A hole is formed in the bolt housing for the attachment unit. The upper structure of the bolt housing comprises a sleeve structure which is formed integrally with the upper structure and on which the hole for the attachment unit is formed, and the upper structure includes a wall structure by which the sleeve structure is connected with the baseplate.

Abstract: A pre-stressed concrete storage apparatus includes a plurality of panels secured together to form a hollow interior space for storing items. An outer door panel is selectively movable for restricting access to the interior of the apparatus. A secondary metal door and cage assembly is located behind the primary outer door panel for further restricting access to the interior of the storage apparatus. A pulley system is provided for mechanically lifting and lowering the outer door panel.

Abstract: A composite building construction system comprising a frame, an expanded wallboard, and a concrete layer. The wallboard comprises an outer portion and inset portion wherein the wallboard is attached to the frame with the outer portion covering an exterior side of the frame and the inset portion is disposed within the frame. The wallboard thus provides exterior and interior insulation for the system. The concrete layer is sprayed on to the outer portion of said wallboard, forming a strong durable composite construction system. One or more rebar supports may be attached to the frame at the exterior side by key bolts and are spaced apart from the wallboard. A wire grid may be attached to the key bolts whereby the grid and the rebar supports provide a support structure for the concrete layer. The frame comprises steel and the wallboard comprises insulative expanded polystyrene.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a concrete platform to which an object to be supported is fixed, including: a step of forming form having a pair of concrete side walls and a concrete bottom slab that connects the pair of side walls (S2); a step of setting the form on a plurality of piers (S3); and a step of pouring concrete into the form that is set on the plurality of piers (S6).

Abstract: A reinforcement element for absorbing forces in concrete elements that are supported by support elements includes a longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element. This element is placed in recesses in the concrete element which are disposed in such a way that in the region of the support element the reinforcement element runs in the area of the concrete element remote from the support element. The end regions of the reinforcement element each run at an acute angle toward the surface of the concrete element turned toward the support element, and exit from the concrete element. Both end regions of the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element are diverted around the respective exit edge of the recesses, are led into a tensioning device, are held therein, and can be tensioned with respect to one another. The reinforcement element thereby forms a closed loop; the arising forces can be absorbed in an optimal way.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a method, on a building site, of forming a stable and, in terms of weight, heavy modular unit under the utilization of prefabricated, in terms of weight considerably lighter, modular unit (12) transported to the building site, where said heavy modular unit (12a) can be adapted to serve as a complete modular-built cellar unit. Said modular unit displays a base slab (14) and double-walled wall sections (10, 11) anchored to the base slab. Inner and outer wall portions (10, 11) are mutually coordinated and secured to one another via supports (18) oriented within a free space formed and structured between the wall portions. The free space is completely filled with a concrete mass, which is caused to cure or set, in order in such instance to form the in terms of weight heavy modular unit. The present invention also discloses a heavy modular unit thus produced.

Abstract: Method of producing a wall-floor reinforced concrete construction in which use is made of prefabricated permanent shuttering systems made up of a wall shuttering system (100) with two shuttering panels (101; 103) and a floor shuttering system (120) which comprises a base plate (123) with a multiplicity of individual longitudinal bars (121) next to one another which are each fastened by means of a multiplicity of stirrups (122) on the base plate (123) at a distance above the base plate in such a way that they come to lie in the lower region of the floor (171) to be produced. The connecting element between the wall and floor that is used is a coupling reinforcement (150) which, on one side, is fastened into the wall shuttering system (100) and, on the other side, to the individual longitudinal bars (121) of the floor shuttering system (120) which extend perpendicularly to the wall shuttering system (100).

Abstract: A system for constructing building consisting of connected T-beams for walls and roof. To create the T shape the system uses blocks of rigid insulation as forming, which are embedded in the poured-in-place concrete. These blocks serve to insulate the structure. The final structure is a monolithic box where the foundation, (101, 102), and (103) is the lower face, walls are the vertical faces of the box, attached to the foundation by dowels (104) to the walls reinforcement part (105) and the roof (118, 119, 120), and (121) is the top. This results in a sturdy structure with integrated high insulation (111) and (122) in walls and roof. Metal nailers (123) with the polystyrene foam strips (124) can be embedded in the ends of the T-beam stems. These nailers ease the insertion of screws to wall and ceiling interiors, allowing the building interior to be finished with gypsum board or paneling.

Abstract: A modular construction system and having a plurality of precast concrete caissons, and having a planar floor portion formed on each caisson, downwardly dependent caisson walls surrounding the floor portion, inward and outwardly directed wall surfaces on the caisson walls, with the floor portion and the inward surfaces of the walls together defining a downwardly open hollow space, rebars embedded in the caisson floor portion and in the caisson walls, and, precast concrete locking formations formed on the outwardly directed surfaces of the walls. Also disclosed is a method of precasting caissons, and a method of building construction using precast caisson, and poured in place beams and precast wall panels and poured in place frames.

Abstract: A modular construction system and having a plurality of precast concrete caissons, and having a planar floor portion formed on each caisson, downwardly dependent caisson walls surrounding the floor portion, inward and outwardly directed wall surfaces on the caisson walls, with the floor portion and the inward surfaces of the walls together defining a downwardly open hollow space, rebars embedded in the caisson floor portion and in the caisson walls, and, precast concrete locking formations formed on the outwardly directed surfaces of the walls. Also disclosed is a method of precasting caissons, and a method of building construction using precast caisson, and poured in place beams and precast wall panels and poured in place frames.

Abstract: A manufactured assembly and method used to form poured concrete foundations and walls. The foundation and wall form's lattice grid exterior face holds adequate flow though concrete, with the assistance of the exterior grid fingers, for smoothing and decorative treatments and troweling is aided by lattice grid exterior screed guide points. The lattice grid panels, the lattice grid forming panel flow through concrete and the form cavity poured concrete become a substantially monolithic structure when the concrete is set and hardens dry. Rigid foam insulation is added to the center of a lattice grid paneled poured concrete wall form.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel modular building system exhibiting superior strength to withstand seismic activity.

Abstract: A modular construction system and having a plurality of precast concrete caissons, and having a planar floor portion formed on each caisson, downwardly dependent caisson walls surrounding the floor portion, inward and outwardly directed wall surfaces on the caisson walls, with the floor portion and the inward surfaces of the walls together defining a downwardly open hollow space, rebars embedded in the caisson floor portion and in the caisson walls, and, precast concrete locking formations formed on the outwardly directed surfaces of the walls. Also disclosed is a method of precasting caissons, and a method of building construction using precast caisson, and poured in place beams and precast wall panels and poured in place frames.

Abstract: A modular construction system and having a plurality of precast concrete caissons, and having a planar floor portion formed on each caisson, downwardly dependent caisson walls surrounding the floor portion, inward and outwardly directed wall surfaces on the caisson walls, with the floor portion and the inward surfaces of the walls together defining a downwardly open hollow space, rebars embedded in the caisson floor portion and in the caisson walls, and, precast concrete locking formations formed on the outwardly directed surfaces of the walls. Also disclosed is a method of precasting caissons, and a method of building construction using precast caisson, and poured in place beams and precast wall panels and poured in place frames.

Abstract: Systems are provided for use in balcony structures. The system includes a joist comprising an upper chord and a lower chord separated by a web. One end of the joist is supported by a supporting member and a cantilevered balcony extends generally perpendicularly from the supporting member. The cantilevered balcony comprises a cementitious balcony slab extending from a cementitious floor slab. The cementitious floor slab includes a backspan region extending from the top of the supporting member opposite the cementitious balcony slab. A portion of the joist in the backspan region comprises a decking supporting member coupled to the web. The joist in the backspan region supports decking using the decking supporting member; however, the joist beyond the backspan region supports decking above the upper chord. In this way, the cementitious floor slab in the backspan region is thicker than the cementitious floor slab beyond the backspan region.

Abstract: A concrete container including a concrete footing including a shear key; a concrete wall inserted in the shear key; a plurality of footing reinforcing members inserted in the concrete footing on a support side of the shear key and extending above the concrete footing; a plurality of wall reinforcing members inserted in the concrete wall on a support side of the concrete wall and extending diagonally towards the concrete footing; a poured concrete moment connection substantially covering the plurality of footing reinforcing members extending from the pre-cast concrete footing and the plurality of wall reinforcing members extending from the wall.

Abstract: A precast composite flooring system utilizes girders and floor panels having steel lower structures placed in tension and concrete upper structures places in compression. Openings through a stem wall allow ducts, pipes, and conduits to be run therethrough. The system provides reduced weight over conventional precast or pour in place systems, allowing further reduction in the weight and size of other building components. The floor deck does not use tensioning strands, allowing openings to be formed at nearly any stage of construction and with reduced concern over cutting steel reinforcement. The floor panels and girders bolt together and bolt to a steel column frame, allowing for more efficient assembly.

Abstract: Systems are provided for use in balcony structures. The system includes a joist comprising an upper chord and a lower chord separated by a web. One end of the joist is supported by a supporting member and a cantilevered balcony extends generally perpendicularly from the supporting member. The cantilevered balcony comprises a cementitious balcony slab extending from a cementitious floor slab. The cementitious floor slab includes a backspan region extending from the top of the supporting member opposite the cementitious balcony slab. A portion of the joist in the backspan region comprises a decking supporting member coupled to the web between the upper chord and the lower chord. The joist in the backspan region supports decking using the decking supporting member; however, the joist beyond the backspan region supports decking above the upper chord. In this way, the cementitious floor slab in the backspan region is thicker than the cementitious floor slab beyond the backspan region.

Abstract: A structure system of concrete building for self-heat insulation comprises a wall (1), a link beam (2) and a floor slab (3). The wall is composed of a prefabricated concrete wall for heat insulation (11) and a cast-in-place concrete wall (12). The prefabricated concrete wall (11) is a concrete panel (5), one surface of which is covered with heat insulation layer (4), and the prefabricated concrete wall (11) and the cast-in-place concrete wall (12) are cast and folded to be an integral. At the joint of the link beam and an outer wall, the link beam and the top and bottom cast-in-place concrete walls are cast to be an integral. The outer end of the link beam is covered with heat insulation layer. At the joint of the floor slab and the link beam, they are cast to be an integral.

Abstract: Large span buildings without ordinary beams and columns are formed of vertical load-bearing composite wall-panels and composite floors, both including two concrete layers interconnected by steel strip webs. The stiff horizontal plane formed of assembled roof/ceiling units, supported by wall-panels, connected to both gables restrains transversal movement of longitudinally arranged wall-panels attached tops, bracing them simultaneously against sideway forces and lessening their buckling lengths. Floors, if any applied, being rigidly connected to the vertical panels additionally improve stability of the global structure. The structure, being braced in that way, behaves as a rigid box made of slender panels.

Abstract: Prefabricated reinforced stackable concrete panels are provided for forming walls and roofs of multi-story buildings. Each panel has an embedded grid of vertical and horizontal steel rods secured together where they cross. The grid is anchored by brackets welded to a base plate along the bottom of each panel, and to another plate along the top. Leveling means (screw jack devices) are anchored to the top plate. At ground level the base plate of each prefabricated panel is welded to an elongated plate embedded in the concrete foundation. A second story is formed by stacking panels on a floor pan anchored to the leveling means of the first story panels, and a pour of concrete completes the inter-story floor, embedding the leveling means. Successive stories and roof panels may be added and anchored to the stories below in the same manner, creating an exceptionally strong structure of up to six to eight stories, firmly anchored to the foundation by the tying together of the reinforcing grids of the stacked panels.

Abstract: A system of building concrete homes and apartment buildings. The system creates a structure that is well insulated and that is very practical and economical to build. The system uses standard components such as wall ties, concrete forms, rigid foam insulation, and concrete, all of which are readily available in the market today. The system creates a building that is insulated and thermally broken at its structural connections such that use in temperate and colder climates is possible. Presently concrete construction finds only limited use for the construction of single family and multi-family housing. The system is economical to construct when compared to wood frame housing.

Abstract: A pre-formed structural concrete element for use in the formation of a composite concrete floor of a building or the like, the element comprising: a generally planar base portion having opposing faces; a series of generally parallel spaced apart formations extending from one said faces of the base portion each defining along with an adjacent formation a void space therebetween and wherein the formations terminate in a plateau and have at least a narrow portion and a wide portion between the plateau and the one said faces of the base portion.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete ceiling is characterized by a combination of the following features: a concrete slab (1) the thickness (D) of which falls short of the total thickness of the reinforced concrete ceiling, and intersecting ribs (2) which are each connected with an end region (3) to the concrete slab (1) in a force-transmitting manner and project freely upwards from the concrete slab (1), i.e., without being integrated in a further supporting surface structure, wherein their top end regions (4) are designed to absorb compressive and/or tensile forces and wherein the ribs (2) are connected to each other in a frictional manner at the respective intersection points (9), and their regions lying in each case between the top and bottom end regions (3,4) have at least one aperture (6).

Abstract: A construction element for protection of tunnels against fire, comprising two layers (12, 13) with different materials and material qualities, wherein one and outwardly oriented carrier layer (13) has a particularly high strength, while the other and inwardly oriented exposure layer (12) has a material composition adapted to meet particular application-specific conditions, such as high heat. The carrier layer (13) contains aplite as the main cementing agent, and a mat-shaped reinforcement material (14) is embedded in the area between the carrier layer (13) and the exposure layer (12).

Abstract: A method of constructing a building in a typically flood prone area employs a pre-cast concrete chain wall that can be set on an optional foundation or footing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling separate series or stacks of structural or shear walls of a multistory building are disclosed. The method comprises constructing a plurality of stacks of shear walls and attaching a rigid coupling member to the top of at least two of the stacks of shear walls between the stacks such that the walls are connected to the rigid coupling member and move together with the coupling member. The apparatus is a rigid coupling member, which may be a beam, such as an I-beam or rectangular beam, made from poured concrete and reinforcing steel. The coupling member may also be a wall of poured concrete and reinforcing steel. The attached rigid member acts to connect the tops of independent stacks of shear walls typically used to build multistory buildings, thereby creating a flexural moment at the top of the building that helps the building resist lateral loads.

Abstract: A composite panel for use in constructing a foundation wall for a building, the panel having: a main wall having an exterior side and an interior side; a plurality of horizontal stiffeners extending from the interior side of the main wall; a plurality of vertical stiffeners extending from the interior side of the main wall; and complementary first and second lips positioned on opposite ends.

Abstract: A blast protective barrier system, termed a blast wall, providing a security perimeter or boundary at and above a ground level definable in terms of an x, y, z coordinate system, includes several substantially ground level (xy plane) pile caps, each itself having a y-axis elongate length, a x-axis width, and a z-axis depth, the x-axis substantially defining the width of the barrier system. Each pile cap also includes an upper and lower xy plane surface, each of the upper surfaces including y-axis channels and each of the lower surfaces including several recesses. The system also includes a first, second and further modules having a plurality of opposing pairs of yz plane, the y-axis elongate concrete panels including opposing integral xz end cap elements having a high shock-absorptive structure for isolating each module from the effect of a blast upon an adjacent module.

Abstract: A concrete building panel has a slab and a plurality of ribs and beams. A series of horizontal holes in the end ribs are spaced at a selected constant spacing such that adjacent panels may be fastened together through them. In one type of panel, the slab is separated from the ribs to provide an air gap. Connections between holes in two adjacent concrete wall panels are made by a hollow conduit having an abutment at either end to engage the concrete wall panels. Other connections between adjacent panels involve a stitch with legs which extend through holes in the beams. Other connections involve a space made by vertical channels of horizontally adjacent panels. A plate fitted into the space aligns the adjacent panels and may extend upwards to align upper panels. Load bearing horizontal holes through the ribs are reinforced with reinforcing bar in the concrete arranged in generally triangular shapes.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method of constructing walls or fence systems from panels. More particularly, the invention relates to constructing such walls or fence systems wherein a back face of one panel connects to a back face of another panel and further wherein the front faces of the panels have a desirable texture and further wherein a concrete footing of the wall or fence system is poured after courses of panels have been stacked one upon the other.

Abstract: A suite of hardened high security steel & concrete modules for protection of people, pets and valuables during a tornado, hurricane, home intrusion or other emergency. A Modular Security Suite [MSS™] is an above ground set of two or more rooms whose steel plate walls extend deep down into a building's concrete or other material foundation and are primarily anchored by the foundation's steel reinforcement rods and the weight of building's concrete foundation. After construction and interior decoration a MSS unit disappears into the home or office floorplan. A MSS unit could include a full bathroom, kitchenette or pantry and a hallway module with built-in bunk beds. Its steel plate walls are filled with concrete and rerod to greatly increase its resistance to serve weather and debris. The design's hallway module and its two steel and concrete pocket doors protect its interior doorways from damage and provides two exits.

Abstract: A method for making a reinforcement device for a concrete structure includes the steps of (a) installing a plurality of parallel reinforcement rebars, and (b) embracing the reinforcement rebars with a cable unit by winding the cable unit around the reinforcement rebars. The cable unit has a plurality of wires twisted together.

Abstract: A composite integrated module, comprising a formwork; a plurality of frame members mounted on one surface of the formwork; and at least one embedded plate, to which a support member for supporting a first plant structure member is attached, mounted directly to at least one the frame member, wherein one surface, which does not mounted on the frame member, of the embedded plate faces to a direction in which another surface, which does not mounted on the frame member, of the formwork faces.

Abstract: A pre-cast concrete wall system that incorporates a truss ledge for positioning a building floor system at a below-grade location. The truss ledge is defined by a vertical wall formed as a continuation of the exterior wall of the wall panel extending from the footer beam to the upper bond beam and projecting vertically above the upper bond beam to provide a support surface for the building floor members. A floor truss system can be supported on the upper bond beam with the truss ledge forming a concrete below-grade surface externally of the floor trusses. Galvanized steel stud facings incorporating fold-up reinforcing bar supports are used on the interior surface of the vertical wall beams. Insulated access holes are formed through the vertical beams for the passage of wiring and plumbing behind the wall finish to be fastened to the stud facings.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus providing a column forming assembly formable from multiple column forming sub-assemblies that are stackable providing a compact storage or transport configuration. A column forming structure is formed from multiple elongated wall sections configured for interlocking engagement with each other to form a hollow, open ended structure adapted to accept a settable substance, such as concrete or plaster. The multiple elongated wall sections are stackable and can be stored to shipped to a job site in a condensed or nested configuration. The nested configuration reduces empty or hollow spaces provided by assembled forms. In some embodiments, the forms can be disassembled after use for transport from the jobsite, storage, and later reuse. The column forming assembly can be combined with one or more column-end forms and with thin-walled column forming inserts.

Abstract: A building system uses modular precast concrete components that include a series of columns with wide, integral capitals. Wide beam slabs are suspended between adjacent column capitals by hangers. Joist slabs (e.g., rib slabs or other substantially planar components) can then be suspended between the beam slabs and column capitals to provide a floor surface.

Abstract: A protective shelter and methods for manufacturing are disclosed. The shelter is capable of protecting individuals from significant wind velocities and other catastrophic damages that occur from dangerous conditions such as hurricanes, tornadoes and the like. Prior to the pouring the floor slab of a home, the shelter is fixedly attached to a plurality of supports that have been fixedly attached to a portion of the foundation of the home. When the floor slab is poured, enough concrete is poured to cover the supports up to essentially the top edges of the channel frame base rails to form the base of the shelter, thus incorporating and anchoring the shelter into the foundation of the home.

Abstract: Composite framing members for use in building construction include reinforced concrete columns and beams surrounded by a pair of steel shells. A layer of protective material is applied to the interior surface of at least one shell prior to assembly of the shell to provide the final integrated framing member with superior insulating or fire resistance and survivability characteristics. Additionally, the steel shells impart greater structural strength and integrity than the reinforced concrete columns and beams could alone. Furthermore, the concrete cores, aided by the protective coating, function as a heat sink, absorbing heat and allowing the entire framing member a longer structural life that it would have if the steel or concrete were used alone.