Abstract: An exterior wall panel as the basic component of a curtain wall for a multi-storied building. The wall panel includes a steel frame and fastening means for securing the frame to steel girders of a building. Mounting means to secure the wall panel to the exterior side of the steel frame include fastening means which removably interconnect the wall panel and the steel frame. The wall panel may comprise a plurality of panel segments to which steel furring strips attach. An interior wall panel may be secured to the interior side of the steel frame.

Abstract: A clip for mounting a panel which comprises a first clipping member and a second clipping member. The first clipping member is attached to a panel adjacent to an edge of the panel and the second clipping member is secured to a building structure. The first and second clipping members have a male member and a female member for receiving therein the male member thereby slidably to interengage the clipping members to secure the panel to the building structure. The male member has a stepped distal edge so that the male member is snugly received within the female member.

Abstract: Pan-like aluminum panels are formed for finishing the exterior of a building. Secured to the flanges or outside edges of the panels are extruded male and female channel members; the male members secured at a pair of adjacent flanges and the female members secured at the other pair of adjacent flanges. To install the panels, the female edges are first screwed to the wall of the building. Then the male members of panels are slidably received and interlocked within the female members of adjacent panels. Female members of the adjacent panels are then screwed to the wall of the building, thereby exposing them for male members of yet another panel; and so on. Rows and columns of panels are thus secured to the building. An X-shaped gutter member provides mechanical and fluid continuity for the channels formed between the male and female members of adjacent panels, to eliminate moisture from becoming trapped inside.

Abstract: The subject invention is a roofing attachment plate with integrated means to seal and affix such plate on the upper part of a roof surface in order to secure a roof sheet to the upper surface of a roof. Specifically, the invention comprises a circular member on other shaped attachment plate which is adapted to be placed flush on the upper surface of the roof deck with opening means to receive a nail or stud to attach the plate to the roof structure, serving to anchor a roofing sheet to the fixed roof structure. The fastening plate has an upper cup-like chamber that is centrally located on the attachment plate and coaxially aligned with the central vertical axis of the fastening member, and such chamber has an outer circumferential surface, a portion of which has a circumferential recess to receive and hold a circular locking ring.

Abstract: A prefabricated concrete facing panel is connected to a prefabricated counterfort by way of a pair of bolted connections. Each connection includes a bolt projecting rearwardly from the panel and passing through a hole provided in a connecting arrangement of the counterfort, and a nut mounted on the threaded end of the bolt. The connection is not visible from the front of the facing. Both the facing panel and the counterfort are flat elements and are therefore easy to transport to the site.

Abstract: A leaktight covering, in particular for an industrial building, includes a loadbearing element adapted to be fixed to a framework element of the building, a layer of an insulating material arranged on the loadbearing element, and a cladding covering the layer of insulating material, with connection structure holding such three components assembled together. A first member is used, on the one hand, to ensure fixing of the loadbearing element to the framework element and, on the other hand, forms part of the connection structure. A second member is linked to the first member and to the cladding. In a first embodiment, the first member is a screw screwed into the framework element, and the connection structure includes a hollow, cylindrical intermediate piece, a bottom of which is fixed to the loadbearing element via the screw.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an attachment assembly for securing two membrane strips loosely laid parallel to each other and overlapping with each other. The attachment assembly incorporates a load distribution plate having short and long lateral lever-arm extension means and a bore hole defined in the plate, a fastener screw operatively connected to the load distribution plate through the bore hole, and a fastener screw operatively connected to the load distribution plate through the bore hole. The short and long lateral lever-arm extension means of the plate extend in directions relative to the fastener screw. The short lateral lever arm extension means operates with forces due to the billowing of the roofing membrane so as to uplift a long edge of the load distribution plate and thereby introduce a first force corresponding to a lever arm ratio at the long lateral lever arm extension means at an area opposite to the bore hole.

Abstract: A member (1) secured in place by a fastening element (5) attaches insulation panels (2) to a structural component (A). The fastening element (5) is driven into the structural component (A) by a setting tool (8). To prevent damage to sector-shaped parts (6) extending radially inwardly in the entrance to a passageway (4b) through the attachment member (1), a diametrically increased section (4d) of the passageway extends axially inwardly from the entrance. The diametrically increased section (4d) has a diameter increased by twice the thickness of the sector-shaped parts (6) compared to the adjacent inward diameter of the passageway, and an axial length at least equal to the free length of one of the sector-shaped parts (6). When the muzzle end (8a) of the setting tool (8) is inserted into the passageway (4b), the sector-shaped parts (6) are bent inwardly within the diametrically increased section (6d) of the passageway (4b) and, in combination with the passageway serve as a guide surface for the setting tool.

Abstract: A method is provided for lining furnace walls with cement-like monolithic insulation linings wherein a plurality of wire hanger devices are welded to the furnace wall to be insulated in a predetermined spaced array with each of said studs having a free end projecting outwardly from the furnace wall;mounting a plurality of elongated stud extender members having a radial stop flange mounted thereon on the free ends of a portion of the end welded studs secured to the furnace wall with the free ends thereof projecting perpendicularly from the furnace wall and the radial stop flange disposed so as to provide a bearing surface with a substantially uniform level of spacing from the end mounted on the furnace wall;attaching a planar panel over a plurality of the elongated extender members projecting from the furnace wall and supporting the same on the extender members with the panel bearing on the radial stop flanges mounted on the stud extender members spaced from and substantially parallel to the furnace wall to be

Abstract: A joint structure for fixing panel blocks on a side wall of a building in a manner such that the lower edge face of each panel block contacts closely with the upper edge face of the lower adjacent panel block to leave no gaps between the adjacent panel blocks. Each panel block is formed with a first blind bore extending vertically from the lower edge face thereof and a second blind bore extending vertically from the upper edge face thereof.

Abstract: A fastening assembly for securing insulating sheetings or boards to a solid base has a tubular extension secured to a large surface washer at the top end thereof, a nut securely held against rotation in the interior of the tubular extension and an elongated fastener inserted at its top end in to the tubular extension and locked by the nut and which is engaged at its lower end which has a bulge, in the solid base.

Abstract: A washer molded from a polymeric material and useful with a fastener having a head and a shank, such as, for example, a screw or a drive pin, and a fastening assembly comprised of the washer and such a fastener, is disclosed. The fastener head is contained within a washer socket with the fastener shank extending through a washer aperture. An integral flap hinged from a lateral wall portion of the washer socket is used to substantially cover the fastener head. The flap has a curved end, which is adapted to be snap-fitted under a locking formation, comprising a curved lip, formed upon a lateral wall portion of the socket which is disposed opposite the lateral wall portion upon which the flap is hinged.

Abstract: The subject invention is a roofing attachment plate with integrated means to seal and affix such plate on the upper part of a roof surface in order to secure a roof sheet to the upper surface of a roof. Specifically, the invention comprises a circular member or other shaped attachment plate which is adapted to be placed flush on the upper surface of the roof deck with opening means to receive a nail or stud to attach the plate to the roof structure, serving to anchor a roofing sheet to the fixed roof structure. The fastening plate has an upper cuplike chamber that is centrally located on the attachment plate and coaxially aligned with the central vertical axis of the fastening member, and such chamber has an outer circumferential surface, a portion of which has a circumferential recess to receive and hold a circular locking ring.

Abstract: A method of attaching curtain wall units to a building skeleton framework wherein a supporting unit of each connector assembly and a lowermost connecting device are secured to the building skeleton framework while they are positioned in all of the so-called "in-face" direction, the so-called "out-of-face" direction and the vertical direction, and a retaining unit of each connector assembly is secured to the upper edge of each curtain wall unit. Thereafter, the retaining unit of a lowermost curtain wall unit is brought into engagement with the corresponding support member, while at the same time, a positioning pin on the lowermost connecting device is fitted with a pin-guide hole in the lowermost curtain wall unit. The lowermost curtain wall unit is then fastened to the building skeleton framework.

Abstract: In the case of an attachment element (1), a large washer (5), and a tubular extension (6) formed thereon, are provided for the passage and guidance of a screw (4). The washer (5) and the tubular extension (6) are in the form of parts made separately from each other. The tubular extension (6) carries, at the end facing the washer (5), a shoulder (7) engaging in a corresponding depression in the vicinity of an opening in the washer (5). The section (8), adjoining the shoulder (7), of the tubular extension (6), can be introduced through the opening in the washer (5). The screw (4) is inserted into the extension (6) before or after the said extension has been inserted into the said washer.

Abstract: An excellent ceramic fiber furnace is provided which prevents formation or peeling-off of minute ceramic fibers from a ceramic fiber board of the furnace caused by elevation or lowering of the furnace temperature. As a result, firing methods of using a muffle furnace, a reflector system or a brick wall furnace, etc., which necessitate a large heat source and which have inferior heat efficiencies and small temperature-raising or lowering rates, need not be used, so that investment cost and running cost can be decreased, firing of ceramic products is facilitated, the quality of the ceramic products is improved, and the firing time of the ceramic products can be decreased.

Abstract: A gripstay channel veneer anchor assembly includes a channel member which abuttingly engages an insulation layer which in turn abuttingly engages a plurality of support members which form the inner wythe of an edifice. A clip securement menber projects through apertures in the channel member, pierces the insulation member and abuttingly engages the support member. A mounting screw is provided which connects the clip securement member, the channel member and the support member to form a rigid and reliable structure.

Abstract: A decorative panel assembly which are adapted to be mounted on a mounting surface such as a wall surface, wherein a decorative panel is attached to the mounting surface by means of a magnetic securing device. The decorative panel is provided with pairs of legs from which an engaging portion is horizontally protruded. The securing device is also provided with a fin or a groove which is adapted to be engaged with the engaging portion of the decorative panel, thereby allowing the decorative panel to be mounted to the mounting surface by means of the securing device.

Abstract: An improved method of attaching a roofing membrane to an underlayment and an improved roofing construction made by the improved method. A screw and a composite roofing washer are used to attach the membrane to the underlayment. The composite roofing washer is an interlocked assemblage of a metal roofing washer and a thermoplastic insert. After the screw has been driven, the thermoplastic insert is heated so as to cause some of the material of the thermoplastic insert to flow over the head of the screw, thereby to heat-seal the screw to the thermoplastic insert. The thermoplastic insert may be so heated when the roofing membrane is welded to another like membrane at an overlapped seam.

Abstract: An insulation member for use in insulating a high temperature furnace, the insulation member comprising a deformable mat of fibrous insulation material, and attachment means located in the mat for attaching the mat to a furnace surface to be insulated, the attachment means being resiliently deformable for resiliently biasing the mat into conforming engagement with such a surface.

Abstract: A roof membrane anchoring system in accordance with the present invention includes an anchoring plate with a roof engaging surface and a top surface that can be attached to an existing structure. The anchoring plate has an axial opening therein into which a lip extends. An insert is inserted into the axial opening in the anchoring plate once a roofing membrane is inserted into the axial opening in the plate. The insert has a greatest diametrical dimension. The anchoring system is designed to assume a first state wherein the greatest diametrical dimension of the insert is slightly less than the inside diameter of the axial opening and slightly greater than the inside diameter of the lip extending into the axial opening and a second state wherein the greatest diametrical dimension of the insert is slightly less than the inside diameter of the lip which extends into the axial opening.

Abstract: A gypsum wallboard suspension system in which the wallboard has a tear-resistant material partially adhered to the back face, with small slots in the material located at unadhered areas, through which small suspension clips are inserted. The clips include a hanger leg for hanging the clip on horizontal channels, which are part of the wall framing system.

Abstract: A leaf disposal bag is formed from a large diameter thin plastic circular sheet. A drawstring is woven through a plurality of evenly spaced apertures provided around a peripheral edge of the circular sheet. A pair of radially extending tabs are formed at diametrically opposed locations on the sheet and each receive a ground insertion spike for retaining the circular sheet in a flat open condition on the surface of the ground. In use, leaves to be disposed are piled upon the upper surface of the circular sheet. Upon collection of a sufficiently large volume of leaves, the ground insertion spikes are withdrawn from the ground and the drawstring is tightened to close the circular sheet into a closed bag. The ground insertion spikes may be formed as a separable enlarged head portion and a sharpened shank portion having a mating frusto conical plug and socket connection.

Abstract: A watertight fastener for mounting a peripherally grooved prefabricated bathtub surround panel on a wall. The fastener includes a rigid support and a resilient seal. The support has a mounting portion adapted to be secured to the wall, and a surround-receiving portion adapted to enter the peripheral groove of the surround panel and defining adjacent the free end thereof an aperture extending at least partially therethrough. The seal has an elongate body portion and a sealing portion. The body portion is adopted to enter the peripheral groove of the surround panel with the surround-receiving portion, has a serrated front surface, and defines a transversely-extending plug resiliently retained by the aperture. The sealing portion is adapted to extend intermediate the surround and an adjacent surface to form a watertight seal therebetween.

Abstract: A stress plate for clamping a membrane to a roof deck wherein the plate includes gripping prongs which grip the membrane, preferably without piercing of the membrane.

Abstract: A locking plate which is adapted for fastening insulation to a roof deck employs a locking grommet which snaps into the roofing plate and seats the head of the fastener. The locking grommet locks the fastener to the plate and maintains a constant fixed relationship at all times between the fastener head and the locking plate thereby preventing the head from popping up above the plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automatic nailer system for use in the joinery industry. The system includes a strip including a plurality of plastic ferrules which receive a complementary plurality of nails. Each ferrule is provided with a step which is adapted to co-operate with a surface of a substrate to form a groove for receiving a flange on a trim, each ferrule also having the thicker part thereof tapered to assist in fitting the trim. The ferrules are arranged in a longitudinal row and are connected to each other by at least one severable plastic web. The system further includes an automatic nailer specially adapted to drive the nails individually into a substrate while at the same time severing its associated ferrule from the next adjacent ferrule. Preferably, the automatic nailer includes a cartridge for feeding a plurality of strips into the automatic nailer.

Abstract: A watertight fastener for mounting a peripherally grooved prefabricated bathtub surround panel on a wall. The fastener includes a rigid support and a resilient seal. The support has a mounting portion adapted to be secured to the wall, and a surround-receiving portion adapted to enter the peripheral groove of the surround panel and defining adjacent the free end thereof an aperture extending at least partially therethrough. The seal has an elongate body portion and a sealing portion. The body portion is adopted to enter the peripheral groove of the surround panel with the surround-receiving portion, has a serrated front surface, and defines a transversely-extending plug resiliently retained by the aperture. The sealing portion is adapted to extend intermediate the surround and an adjacent surface to form a watertight seal therebetween.

Abstract: A two-piece fastener system for installing roofing insulation. The fastener system includes a round disk having a hub extending outwardly from the center of one side. The outwardly extending end of the hub includes an opening adapted to accommodate a threaded fastener or nail. A thermally insulating plug is driven into the cavity through an opening at its opposite end to abut against a head of the fastener, preventing it from backing out. In one embodiment, the plug is retained by a lip that extends thereabove, and in a second embodiment, is retained by engagement of a ridge in a corresponding groove.

Abstract: A single ply roof installation and method of making and using the same is disclosed. Flexible material securing units are provided for attaching to the underside of the membrane sheets. These securing units have a varying thickness across the surface area and are disposed in the field of the roof so as to attach to the membrane at the seam area of overlapping membrane sheets. Certain embodiments include securing units made of two pieces of the membrane material each piece having a different size, with the pieces welded together by heat or solvent welding. The securing units are distributed in the field of the roof in a regular pattern along seam sections adjoining sheets of the roofing membrane.

Abstract: An anchor for releasably anchoring a membrane to a surface housing a base member for attachment to the surface, the base member including a post having a groove therearound, and a fastening assembly shaped to freely fit over the base member with the membrane thereover, the fastening assembly including a fastening ring, housed in ring fastening member, capable of inward deformation to cooperate with the groove with the membrane therebetween to captively hold the assembly on the base member and a deforming member to deform the fastening ring inwardly into that cooperation and to maintain that cooperation.

Abstract: The fastener can be made of metal or plastic in the form of a semi-flat disc or plate, with some reinforcing ridges if required. The disc or plate can be of various geometric shapes and dimension. At the center of the disc or plate surface is a small hole for inserting an anchoring screw, nail or bolt. On the underside of the disc or plate, vertical projections extend downwardly at angular positions corresponding to 0, 90, 180 and optional 270 degrees with respect to the small hole. The fastener is placed at the intersecting corners formed by abutting edges of rigid insulation boards, arranged in a "stack" or "running" bond pattern. The vertical projections of the fastener insert down into the aforementioned intersecting corners. These vertical projections resist insulation lateral movement or creep after securement of the rigid insulation corner fastener.

Abstract: An improved clip for supporting standing seam roofing panels on purlins or joists is disclosed. When used, this unique clip will not only support a standing seam, formed by two adjacent, connecting roofing panels, on a purlin, but will also accommodate both rotational and translational movement of the panels relative to the purlin. The disclosed clip is formed with several basic components: a base which is attachable to a purlin or joist; a middle piece which is capable of rotational displacement relative to the base; and a moveable top piece which is capable of translational, sliding movement relative to the middle piece. When in use, the top piece of the clip will coact with the interior of the standing seam to form a substantially tight, non-moving union with the seam. The base of the clip will be attached to the joist or purlin to support the roofing panels.

Abstract: The invention herein is directed to a bonding plate used for facilitating the process of affixing rectangularly shaped sheets of rubber roofing material to the upper surface of a roof. The invention related to an integrated bonding plate apparatus serving as a fastening plate and is affixed in a flush manner to the upper rubber roof surface, with fastening means such as nails, screws, or other similar means being used to affix the bonding plate through the rubber roof to the fixed roof structure. The device comprises a flat member having a concentric, centrally located removable insert, which insert has opening means there through to receive one type or size of fastening means, and with the insert removed the bonding plate has another size and type of opening to receive yet another type and size of fastening member.

Abstract: A stress plate and method for securing a membrane to a roof deck wherein the plate includes gripping prongs which grip the membrane, preferably without piercing the membrane, wherein a stress plate surface having the gripping prongs is placed in contact with a top surface of a roof membrane to clamp the membrane to a roof structure.

Abstract: An anchor and stress plate assembly adapted to secure an insulation layer to the deck of a roof without penetrating the lower surface of the deck which is formed either of relatively soft or hard decking material. The anchor is provided with a flanged head and a shank whose leading section takes the form of an auger screw having a root which tapers toward the tip and a threading about the root whose crests are of approximately uniform diameter. When the anchor is turned into soft decking material, the tapered root of the auger screw then acts to pack this material into a dense mass in the region surrounding the screw to enhance the holding power of the anchor. In hard decking material, a hole must first be drilled therein to receive the auger screw whose root when the anchor is turned in fits within the hole and whose crests then cut a thread in the hole wall to securely retain the anchor.

Abstract: A washer for attaching insulation to a roof member over which roofing membrane is to be placed. The washer includes a laterally extending apertured flange and an upstanding hollow cylindrical protrusion adapted to snappingly engage the head of a fastener used with the washer. The protrusion has an inwardly extending lip on the inside surface of the free end of the protrusion. In an alternative embodiment sloping ribs guide a fastener head into snapping engagement with an inwardly projecting lip. In all embodiments a resilient rib is disposed on a shoulder formed in the aperture in the washer. The rib resiliently urges the head of the fastener into engagement with the lip. The washer includes a downwardly extending hub, which may be equipped with means for retaining the washer in a batten strip.

Abstract: A roofing fastener is shown adapted to fasten membrane roofing film to roofing structures. The fastener comprises a base plate having a segmented upper, tapered circular flange section; a segmented middle circular ring locking section; and a lower base section. After attaching the base plate to the roofing structure by means of a fastener inserted through an axial hole located in the center of the base plate, and an annular snap ring having an internal diameter just large enough to fit over the film covered base plate when the segments of the base plate are compressed, is forced over the film covered base plate, and adjacent to the locking section, thereby locking the roofing film in place.

Abstract: A mechanical fastener for securing a flexible sheet of an elastomeric material to the upper surface of a roof via the use of a plurality of such fasteners, each of which include upper and lower retaining members, wherein the latter are anchored to the roofing surface. Both of the retaining members are formed with a series of annular concentric ridges and grooves which cooperate with each other to form a series of annular gripping zones with the elastomeric sheet when the upper retainer is drawn into a clamping relationship with the botton retainer by a threaded fastener. The fastener is engaged with an internally threaded central boss formed on the lower retainer. A sharp bottom edge of the fastener cuts an aperture in the elastomeric sheet prior to engagement with the threaded boss.

Abstract: A wind-resistant inverted built-up roof construction is provided comprising a roof deck, a waterproof membrane overlying said roof deck, a plurality of closed cell foam plastic insulation material overlying said membrane, and a plurality of paving blocks overlying and supported by said insulating members in edge-to-edge relationship. A plurality of resilient members is secured relative to said membrane and extend past the insulating blocks. A plurality of hold-down plates respectively overlie a plurality of the paving blocks, and each plate is aligned with and secured to one of said resilient members in order resiliently to hold said paving blocks in place.

Abstract: This invention relates to a curtainwall system having panels mounted on a grid formed of vertical and horizontal mullions having a planar or flat exterior surface. Each of the panels is provided with a frame formed of hanger sections having a groove facing the interior of the frame. A panel engaging clip has one end inserted in the groove of the hanger frame and the other portion of the clip secured to the grid. The clip urges the hanger against the weatherstripping of the grid to provide an air and dust tight seal. A polyurethane block is mounted in the space between adjacent panels and thereafter a silicone is extruded into the space.

Abstract: A roofing membrane securement system having an upper member and a lower member each of which is formed of a relatively hard, unyielding material. The lower member includes a bottom surface from which extends a preferably cylindrical wall. In one embodiment a plurality of ledges extend downwardly and inwardly from the upper edge of the inner surface of the circumferential wall. The upper member is preferably of circular shape, having a diameter less than that of the interior cross-sectional dimension of the cylindrical wall but greater than the distance between the innermost edges of circumferentially opposed ledges. In a second embodiment, ledges extend downwardly from the upper edge of the outer surface of the lower member circumferential wall, and the upper member has a downwardly extending wall adjacent the circumferential wall outer surface with ledges extending radially inwardly therefrom to engage beneath the lower member ledges.

Abstract: An assembly for fastening a flexible membrane to a layer of insulation on a roof deck includes a plastic disc and a threaded screw which, when tightened, clamps the disc to the membrane. Angularly spaced pins are formed integrally with and depend from the underside of the disc and bite into the membrane to help prevent edgewise tearing of the membrane when wind uplift forces are exerted on the membrane. The pins preferably are formed between the ends of radially extending and angularly spaced ribs which depend from the underside of the disc to resist upward flexing of the disc.

Abstract: A non-penetrating roof structure or system and method comprising a roof deck, a plurality of retainers connected to the roof deck between the margins thereof, and a cover membrane extending over the roof deck and the retainers. The cover membrane is generally flexible. A kit for connecting the cover member to the roof deck comprising the battans and retainers is also provided. The cover membrane is affixed to the deck at the margins and connected to the roof deck between the margins by the retainers. The cover member is imperforate over the retainers and the deck.

Abstract: A washer for attaching insulation to a roof member over which roofing membrane is to be placed. The washer includes a laterally extending apertured flange and an upstanding hollow cylindrical protrusion adapted to snappingly engage the head of a fastener used with the washer. The protrusion has an inwardly extending lip on the inside surface of the free end of the protrusion. A resilient rib is disposed between the protrusion and the aperture in the washer. The rib resiliently urges the head of the fastener into engagement with the lip. The washer includes a downwardly extending hub, which may be equipped with means for retaining the washer in a batten strip.

Abstract: A flooring system comprising a foundation, a plurality of adjacent floorboards, each of the floorboards including a generally vertical side including a generally horizontal slot, and a base adjacent the foundation and including therein an opening spaced from the side, and clips for fastening the floorboards to the foundation, each including a generally horizontal upper portion received in the slot in the floorboard, a generally vertical portion, a lower generally horizontal base portion extending between the foundation and the base of the floorboard, and a projection extending upwardly in the base portion and spaced from the vertical portion and received in the opening in the base of the floorboard.

Abstract: A method of building a structure formed of a masonry wall having an outer face carrying frame members and insulation and provided with sheathing overlying the frame members and insulation entails generally simultaneously erecting the masonry wall, frame members, and insulation and thereafter applying the sheathing. More particularly first a framework of frame members is erected against an outer brace panel, insulation is fitted between the frame members and against the brace panel, and anchors are fixed to the insulation and framework with stems of the anchors projecting inward away from the panel past the insulation. Then a masonry interior wall either of cast reinforced concrete or block is built against the insulation with the anchors imbedded in the masonry wall. The outer brace panel is then removed and sheathing is secured to the frame members. Thus the exterior walls of the building can be virtually completed, all but the sheathing, one floor at a time.

Abstract: According to the invention a multi-layered furnace wall construction for industrial use is provided. The wall construction comprises an outermost iron shell layer, an innermost refractory fiber block layer and an intermediate layer interposed between the iron shell layer and the refractory fiber block layer. The refractory fiber block layer is secured to the intermediate layer by means of stud bolts and washers of ceramic material. The fibers constituting said refractory fiber block layer are oriented such that they extend in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface plane of the furnace wall.

Abstract: A holddown to be used in conjunction with a headed fastener, a roofing system and a method utilizing the same. The holddown comprises a disc-shaped spring and a body encasing the spring. The fastener is interpositionable within a hole in the body of the holddown and displacement of the fastener applies a compressive force to the holddown. The spring is deformable from an unbiased position to a biased postion by the compressive force. The body is deformable from an unconstrained shape to a constrained shape by the deformation of the spring. The holddown is usable in conjunction with both the fastener and pliant filler to affix roofing material in a watertight relationship to a roof structure and to maintain the same in position against the forces applied by the wind.

Abstract: A washer for attaching insulation to a roof member over which roofing membrane is to be placed. The washer includes a laterally extending apertured flange and an upstanding hollow cylindrical protrusion adapted to snappingly engage the head of a fastener used with the washer. The protrusion has an inwardly extending lip on the inside surface of the free end of the protrusion. A resilient rib is disposed between the protrusion and the apertured in the washer. The rib resiliently urges head of the fastener into engagement with the lip. The washer includes a downwardly extending hub, which may be equipped with means for retaining the washer in a batten strip.