Abstract: The present invention relates to vinyl chloride copolymers, in the latex form, the particles of which are composed of a core, of an outer layer and optionally of an intermediate layer. It also relates to the process for the manufacture of this latex by seeded miscosuspension polymerization and to its applications in paints and plastisols.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a thermoexpandable microcapsule which can be expanded at a lower temperature without decrease of various properties such as chemical resistance and heat resistance; said thermoexpandable microcapsule contains at least two kinds of volatile expanding agents having different boiling points lower than softening temperature of a polymeric material forming a shell, production thereof; and a method of expanding the microcapsule in which it is subjected to first heating below the starting temperature of expanding and then to the second heating.

Abstract: Improved compositions useful for the production of foamed rotomolded articles are provided. The compositions of the invention are comprised of a first thermoplastic resin component which is an ethylene polymer in pellet form containing a foaming agent and a second thermoplastic resin component which is a powder consisting of a mixture of different particle size and melt index ethylene polymers. An improved process for producing foamed rotomolded articles having uniformly foamed interiors and smooth exterior skins which are substantially free of surface defects is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integral-skin foam molded article which includes: a main body of the molded article comprising a flexible urethane foam molding material; and a coating layer comprising a polyurethane coating material formed on the surface of the main body of the molded article, either or both of said urethane foam molding material and coating layer containing one or more of an inorganic or organic antibacterial agent. This integral-skin foam molded article can maintain an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial action for a significantly long period of time and therefore does not undergo discoloration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbamate adduct prepared by contacting carbon dioxide with an alkanolamine, preferably in a polar medium. The alkanolamine is characterized in that it consists of 1 or 2 ether linkages per molecule. The adduct finds value as a thermally decomposable blowing agent when preparing polyurethane foam and elastomeric products. Integral-skinned polyurethane products prepared in the presence of the carbamate adducts disclosed herein exhibit an enhanced abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Structural composite parts having a light-weight expanded polyolefin core are rendered resistant to breakage under bending stress by molding an integral skin polyurethane flexible foam around the core. The resulting composite parts have excellent compressive strength and energy absorption properties while being resistant to breakage, and are well suited for light-weight and cost effective energy management structures in vehicle interiors.

Abstract: Improved compositions useful for the production of foamed rotomolded articles are provided. The compositions of the invention are comprised of a first thermoplastic resin component which is an ethylene polymer in pellet form containing a foaming agent and a second thermoplastic resin component which is a powder consisting of a mixture of different particle size and melt index ethylene polymers. An improved process for producing foamed rotomolded articles having uniformly foamed interiors and smooth exterior skins which are substantially free of surface defects is also provided.

Abstract: A structure of synthetic resin foam has a core layer of thermoplastic resin foam and skin layers of non-foamed thermoplastic resin merged with the core layer, and the skin layers gives rise to increase the mechanical strength of the structure.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer polymer foam having a compression set value in the range of from about 8.3% to about 43% and closed cell microvoids having diameters of from about 0.002 mm to about 0.048 mm or less, and a method for foaming a fluoroelastomer polymer comprising the steps of dispersing in a fluoroelastomer polymer to be foamed a phenol-based blowing agent to produce a foaming formulation and curing the formulation at a temperature of from about 250.degree. F. (121.degree. C.) to about 450.degree. F. (232.degree. C.) and a pressure of from about ambient to about 3.0 atm.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyurethane elastomers produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyesterpolyether polyols (diester-polyether diols) using the reaction injection molding process (RIM).

Abstract: An integrally molded composite article comprised of (I) a nonfoam layer formed from a thermoplastic elastomer powder composition (A) and (II) a foam layer formed from a foamable composition comprised of (i)(B) a thermoplastic synthetic resin powder, and (C) a heat decomposable foaming agent or (ii)(B) a thermoplastic synthetic resin powder, (C) a heat decomposable foaming agent and (D) a liquid coating agent, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer powder (A) is comprised of a composition of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber and a polyolefin resin or a thermoplastic elastomer powder comprised of a partially cross-linked composition of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber and a polyolefin resin, the thermoplastic elastomer powder having a complex dynamic viscosity .eta.*(1) at 250.degree. C. and a frequency of 1 radian/sec of not more than 1.5.times.10.sup.5 poise and having a Newtonian viscosity index n, calculated by the following formula using the above-mentioned complex dynamic viscosity .eta.

Abstract: A vibration-absorbing element comprised of a foamed thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamide elastomers, EPDM polymers and SEBS polymers containing conventional additives, the foam structure having a pore size which decreases from the inside towards the outer surface and terminating in a smooth closed surface.

Abstract: Chlorofluorocarbon-free, urethane-containing moldings having a cellular core and an integral skin with an essentially pore-free surface, ie.

Abstract: Foamed gaskets comprising at least one homogeneously branched ethylene polymer and at least one blowing agent are disclosed. The gaskets are particularly useful for sealing food and liquid containers and do not contribute to taste and/or odor of the packaged product, which is especially useful in food-stuff applications.

Abstract: Molding composition based on fluoropolymers and process for producing foam material therefromThe invention relates to a molding composition based on fluoropolymers which additionally contain from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one polymer containing sulfoxide groups. The polymer containing sulfoxide groups comprises, in particular, polyarylene sulfoxide units of the formula:--(--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --SO--)--.

Abstract: A process for producing moldings containing ester and urethane groups and having a cellular core and a compacted surface zone, preferably shoe soles, comprises reactinga) isocyanate semiprepolymers containing ester groups and having an isocyanate content of from 10 to 26% by weight, which in turn are prepared by reactingai) 4,4'-MDI or mixtures of 4,4'-MDI and modified or unmodified MDI isomers,withaii) difunctional to trifunctional polyester polyols having molecular weights of from 600 to 3000 andaiii) at least one branched-chain dihydroxy compound containing at least one bonded ester unit as bridge and having a molecular weight of up to 500,withb) at least one relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compound and, if desired,c) low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkersin the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) catalystsand, if desired,f) additives in a closed mold with compaction.

Abstract: It has been found that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) may be used alone or in combination with water as blowing agents in flexible integral skin foams. Foams prepared using HFC-134a alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. The foams of the present invention are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam essentially free of organic carbon-based blowing agent, the polyurethane foam comprising a foam core having a density of from about 5 to about 45 pounds per cubic foot and an integral skin consisting of substantially non-cellular, non-porous polyurethane. The presence of the integral skin is characterized by a compression force deflection index of at least about 1.20, the compression force deflection index being defined as the ratio of (i) the compression force deflection orthogonal to a cross-section of the foam to (ii) the compression force deflection of the foam core, the compression force deflection measured according to ASTM 3574C. In a preferred embodiment, the present polyurethane foam is further characterized by a flexural modulus index of at about 1.60. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention is characterized by a density index of at least about 1.60.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-blown integral skin polyurethane foam compositions, molded polyurethane articles, a process of preparing said articles, and an isocyanate composition for use therein. In particular, the invention relates to water-blown integral skin molded polyurethane articles having particularly advantageous physical properties, and compositions useful for producing such articles. In particular, the invention provides a polyurethane composition which has an isocyanate component (a) an isocyanate reactive component (b), a blowing agent comprising water (c), a polyether (d) selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 2000 and optionally, one or more additives (e) from the group consisting of catalysts, chain extenders, oxo alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Shaped microcellular structures having substantially non-cellular skins are produced from reactive liquid polymer systems incorporating thermoplastic microspheres containing volatile materials such as low boiling point halogenated or non-halogenated organic materials. Use of thermoplastic microspheres encapsulating such volatile materials facilitates the removal of the shaped foamed structure from molds, eliminating the need for release agents. Various products based on this process, such as bathroom fixtures, bicycle and wheel chair tires, shoe soles, and automotive parts, are provided.

Abstract: It has been found that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) may be used alone or in combination with water as blowing agents in flexible integral skin foams. Foams prepared using HFC-134a alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. The foams of the present invention are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-blown integral skin polyurethane foam compositions, molded polyurethane articles, a process of preparing said articles, and an isocyanate composition for use therein. In particular, the invention relates to water-blown integral skin molded polyurethane articles having particularly advantageous physical properties, and compositions useful for producing such articles. In particular, the invention provides a polyurethane composition which has an isocyanate component (a) an isocyanate reactive component (b), a blowing agent comprising water (c), a polyether (d) selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 2000 and optionally, one or more additives (e) from the group consisting of catalysts, chain extenders, oxo alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process and a polyurethane material for molding a semi-rigid integral skin foam which comprising an integral skin having a low degree of foaming and a core having a high degree of foaming. The process includes evacuating a mold cavity to reduce the pressure thereof below atmospheric pressure; injecting into the evacuated mold cavity a polyurethane material; and foaming the material to fill the cavity. The polyurethane material contains a polyol component and an isocyanate component with, at most, 5 parts by weight of a solvent for 100 parts by weight of the polyol component, in the absence of freon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-blown integral skin polyurethane foam compositions, molded polyurethane articles, a process of preparing said articles, and an isocyanate composition for use therein. In particular, the invention relates to water-blown integral skin molded polyurethane articles having particularly advantageous physical properties, and compositions useful for producing such articles.In particular, the invention provides a polyurethane composition which has an isocyanate component (a) an isocyanate reactive component (b), a blowing agent comprising water (c), a polyether (d) selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 2000 and optionally, one or more additives (e) from the group consisting of catalysts, chain extenders, oxo alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention to water-blown integral skin polyurethane foam compositions, molded polyurethane articles, a process of preparing said articles, and an isocyanate composition for use therein. In particular, the invention relates to water-blown integral skin molded polyurethane articles having particularly advantageous physical properties, and compositions useful for producing such articles.In particular, the invention provides a polyurethane composition which has an isocyanate component (a) an isocyanate reactive component (b), a blowing agent comprising water (c), a polyether (d) selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 2000 and optionally, one or more additives (e) from the group consisting of catalysts, chain extenders, oxo alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing moldings containing ester and urethane groups and having a cellular core and a compacted surface zone, preferably shoe soles, comprises reactinga) isocyanate semiprepolymers containing ester groups and having an isocyanate content of from 10 to 26% by weight, which in turn are prepared by reactingai) 4,4'-MDI or mixtures of 4,4'-MDI and modified or unmodified MDI isomers,withaii) difunctional to trifunctional polyester polyols having molecular weights of from 600 to 3000 andaiii) at least one branched-chain dihydroxy compound containing at least one bonded ester unit as bridge and having a molecular weight of up to 500,withb) at least one relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compound and, if desired,c) low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkers in the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) catalystsand, if desired,f) additives in a closed mold with compaction.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of cellular polymeric products which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an isocyanate-reactive composition, characterised in that the isocyanate-reactive composition comprises a blowing promoter which is a cyclic urea compound having at least one isocyanate-reactive substituent.

Abstract: A low density RRIM/RIM article formed of rigid foamed polyurethane which has incorporated in it, hollow glass microspheres with a compressive strength greater than 4,000 psi and a maximum size of 120 microns. This low density RRIM/RIM fascia may have physical properties and continuous high gloss painted outer skin comparable to conventional RRIM/RIM products while having reduced density in comparison to such product.

Abstract: A molded porous polyvinyl alcohol sponge includes an outer skin capable of absorbing and passing water to interior portions of the sponge, and is substantially smooth except for predetermined structural details imparted by the mold used in its making. The outer skin has smaller average pore size than does the interior portion of the product.

Abstract: A molded porous polyvinyl alcohol sponge includes an outer skin capable of absorbing and passing water to interior portions of the sponge, and is substantially smooth except for predetermined structural details imparted by the mold used in its making. The outer skin has smaller average pore size than does the interior portion of the product.

Abstract: It is object of the present invention to provide a method by which a variable property component, such as two-color parts, having the interior covered with a thin film of the surface area is molded from polyurethanes by RIM, eliminating the need for separately applying a mold release agent or colorants to the cavity surface. Greater latitude in design due to varying physical characteristics is provided.

Abstract: An integrally molded composite article comprised of (I) a nonfoam layer formed from a thermoplastic elastomer powder composition (A) and (II) a foam layer formed from a foamable composition comprised of (i)(B) a thermoplastic synthetic resin powder, and (C) a heat decomposable foaming agent or (ii)(B) a thermoplastic synthetic resin powder, (C) a heat decomposable foaming agent and (D) a liquid coating agent, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer powder (A) is comprised of a composition of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber and a polyolefin resin or a thermoplastic elastomer powder comprised of a partially cross-linked composition of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber and a polyolefin resin, the thermoplastic elastomer powder having a complex dynamic viscosity .eta.*(1) at 250.degree. C. and a frequency of 1 radian/sec of not more than 1.5.times.10.sup.5 poise and having a Newtonian viscosity index n, calculated by the following formula using the above-mentioned complex dynamic viscosity .eta.

Abstract: A low density RRIM/RIM article formed of rigid foamed polyurethane which has incorporated in it, hollow glass microspheres with a compressive strength greater than 4,000 psi and a maximum size of 120 microns. This low density RRIM/RIM fascia may have physical properties and continuous high gloss painted outer skin comparable to conventional RRIM/RIM products while having reduced density in comparison to such product.

Abstract: A method for the production of integral skin foam is provided. An inert, non-flammable gas is added together with a low quantity of hydrocarbon fluid to a liquid skeleton substance. Only the inert, non-flammable gas serves during energy supply for foaming up the skeleton substance. The hydrocarbon fluid promotes the formation of a dense outer skin of the integral skin foam. The liquid skeleton substance is brought into a chamber and a sonochemical process is brought about in order to dissolve the gases in the liquid skeleton substance. The hydrocarbon fluid is less than 1% by volume of the inert gas and the liquid skeleton substance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an integral skin foam prepared by reacting an isocyanate, an isocyanate reactive component and water as the only blowing agent and to a catalyst useful therein. The catalyst broadly comprises a diorganotin sulfide, a tertiary amine and a tin compound other than a diorganotin sulfide.

Abstract: A device for preventing adhesions or binding of tissue to tissue or of tissue to bone which comprises a composite of a first layer and a second layer, each of which comprises a biodegradable polymer. The first layer is selected from the group consisting of a non-porous layer and a porous layer having a pore size no greater than 3.mu.. The second layer has pores which have a pore size of from about 30.mu. to about 250.mu.. Such a composite device provides for tissue growth into the second layer, while the first layer acts as an adhesion-preventing barrier, and enables attachment of the device to tissue without suturing. Alternatively, the device comprises the first layer hereinabove mentioned and a second layer which is an adherence layer and which adheres to tissue and/or bone.

Abstract: It has been found that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) may be used alone or in combination with water as blowing agents in flexible integral skin foams. Foams prepared using HFC-134a alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. The foams of the present invention are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyurethane-based, compact moldings or moldings having a cellular core and a compacted surface which comprise crosslinked poly(meth)acrylic acid, poly(meth)acrylic acid salts and/or poly(meth)acrylamides, to a process for their production, and to their use as shoe or shoe sole material.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyurethane-based, compact moldings or moldings having a cellular core and a compacted surface which comprise crosslinked poly(meth)acrylic acid, poly(meth)acrylic acid salts and/or poly(meth)acrylamides, to a process for their production, and to their use as shoe or shoe sole material.

Abstract: A process for the CFC-free production of cellular polyurethane molded parts/articles with solid surfaces by reacting a reaction mixture of per se known starting materials in sealed molds, to yield polyurethane foams. Carbamates obtainable from aliphatic aminoalcohols and carbon dioxide are used as blowing agents, optionally in conjunction with other blowing agents. The process is suitable for producing foam coverings on steering wheels, spoilers and protective upholstery in car interiors, and for producing soles of shoes or shoe components.

Abstract: It has been found that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) may be used alone or in combination with water as blowing agents in flexible integral skin foams. Foams prepared using HFC-134a alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. The foams of the present invention are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: A process and a polymerization mixture for making integral skin polyurethane wherein Component A containing an isocyanate source is combined with Component B containing a polyol source mixture which includes a blowing agent and a polyurethane catalyst. The blowing agent comprises a carbonate source, and optionally water, an alum source and/or an acid source. The mixture is placed in a mold and the mold is closed. The isocyanate source and polyol source react and the carbonate source decomposes to produce carbon dioxide gas to form an integral skin polyurethane in the closed mold.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an integral skin polyurethane foam which comprises expanding a reacting mixture containing substantially no blowing agent in an evacuated mold cavity. Disclosed also herein is an apparatus for producing said an integral skin polyurethane foam which comprises a mold having a cavity and a vent hole, a vacuum chamber communicating with the cavity through the vent hole, a vacuum pump to evacuate the cavity through the vacuum chamber, and a sight glass attached to the vacuum chamber so as to make the vicinity of the vent hole visible from the outside of the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A method for making a cellular rubber is described, in which water is added to a high water absorption resin, followed by allowing the resulting mixture to stand and form a hydrous gel. The hydrous gel, with or without a foaming agent, is added to a rubber compound and subjected to foaming under conditions sufficient for vulcanization thereby obtaining a cellular rubber having a closed cell structure. Cosmetic puffs using the cellular rubber are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethane foam moldings having a compact surface skin and a density of at least 150 kg/m.sup.3 comprising foaming a polyurethane-forming starting mixture inside a mold. The starting mixture comprises organic blowing agents which correspond to one or both of the following general formulas:HOOC--R--COOH (I)wherein: R represents a CH.sub.2 group or a CH.dbd.CH group;and ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another represent either a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical wherein the hydrogen atoms may be partly substituted by OH groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mold release, a composition containing the mold release, and a process of using the mold release. The mold release comprises an internal mold release composition comprising(a) a zinc carboxylate containing from 8 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxylate group, and(b) a compatibilizer comprising an amidine group-containing compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains having up to 30 carbon atoms which may be substituted by ether groups, ester groups, amide groups or amidine groups and may also be terminated by isocyanate-reactive groups such as hydroxyl or amino groups, R.sub.4 corresponds to the definition of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, but may additionally represent an aromatic substituent having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or may represent the group --NR.sub.2 R.sub.3, with the proviso that when R.sub.4 represents the group --NR.sub.2 R.sub.3, R.sub.1 can be hydrogen, and wherein R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilizing isocyanate-reactive compositions containing flame retardants by the use of certain tertiary amines or ammonium compounds, in which said stabilized compositions are prepared by mixing(a) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 and a functionality of 2 to 7;(b) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a molecular weight of less than 399 and a functionality of 2 to 6;(c) at least one (i) isocyanate-reactive tertiary amine polyether, (ii) fatty amido-amine, and/or (iii) ammonium salt derivative of a fatty amido-amine;(d) a flame retardant;(e) a catalyst; and(f) optional additives.This invention also relates to urethane-based products prepared by reaction of organic polyisocyanates with such compositions.

Abstract: Integral skin polyurethane foams can be prepared using formulations having no HCFC or CFC blowing agents. Such formulations, having water as the only or major blowing agent can also have good physical properties such as low post-blow expansion. A formulation useful for preparing such integral skin polyurethane foams includes:(A) an organic isocyanate functional admixture including(i) a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate soft segment prepolymer,(ii) methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and(iii) polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate,(B) an active hydrogen containing material,(C) a catalyst and(D) a blowing agent.

Abstract: A co-polymer composition for coating porous structural material includes a compatible surfactant resulting in a structural inter-bonding between the coating composition and the structural material. The co-polymer composition cured in a layer of unsupported foam has sufficient strength to be used as a substitute for comparably or larger sized layers of re-enforced concrete for conducting fluids while resisting compressive loads. A co-polymer foam composition for coating structural material cures to have an atmosphere-facing surface that is substantially impervious to corrosive substance penetration.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilizing isocyanate-reactive compositions containing flame retardants by the use of certain tertiary amines or ammonium compounds, in which said stabilized compositions are prepared by mixing(a) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 and a functionality of 2 to 7;(b) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a molecular weight of less than 399 and a functionality of 2 to 6;(c) at least one (i) isocyanate-reactive tertiary amine polyether, (ii) fatty amido-amine, and/or (iii) ammonium salt derivative of a fatty amido-amine;(d) a flame retardant;(e) a catalyst; and(f) optional additives.This invention also relates to urethane-based products prepared by reaction of organic polyisocyanates with such compositions.