Abstract: A microporous film with improved resistance to elevated temperatures from a first, thermoplastic polymer, the internal and external surfaces of the film being provided with a continuous coating layer of a second polymer having a higher softening temperature than the first polymer and process for coating a film of a first polymer with a layer of a second polymer.

Abstract: A composite porous membrane is formed from a porous polymeric substrate having its entire surface modified with a cross-linked polymer which results in a hydrophobic and oleophobic surface. The composite membrane retains substantially all of its other original properties. The cross-linked polymer is formed in situ on the polymeric substrate from a reactant system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one fluoroalkyl group, a cross-linker, and, if needed, a polymerization initiator, dissolved in a nonpolar and or weakly polar solvent system. The membrane substrate saturated with the reactant system is exposed to a suitable energy source to effect polymerization and cross linking of the monomer.

Abstract: A concrete fluid structure deteriorated to the condition of removal of substance of the concrete by sulfuric acids and like corrosive material in contact therewith is restored by a substratum of epoxy foam, polyurethane foam, or a combination thereof having a relatively thin layer of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene bonded to the outward facing surface of the foam and bonding the layer to the structure. A method for forming the substratum in the location of the deteriorated structure is described.

Abstract: The composite membrane is disclosed having a microporous support which is coated with a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyacrylamide wherein there is no pore filing of the microporous support. A process for making and a process for using the membrane is also disclosed.

Abstract: Impurities such as oxygen and moisture can be removed from sulfur hexafluoride by contacting the impure gas with the reaction product of sulfur hexafluoride and a lithium-substituted macroreticulate polymer.

Abstract: The subject invention is a new type of silica gel and process for producing the same. The silica gel is the product of gelling alkali metal silicate with excess acid in aqueous medium containing a minute amount a polymerization modifier. The modifier and salts from the resulting gel are then leached with water before substantial drying effects have ensued. Spray-dried gel particles do not require the additional steps of aging or ammonia treating to achieve the desired result of high surface area and high pore volume. The gel can be produced to have various useful and unusual characteristics including the combination of high surface area, high pore volume, and a large average pore diameter.

Abstract: A process for removing an oxidizable organic compound from an oxidizing gas stream which includes contacting the gas stream with a bed of carbonaceous adsorbent particles, wherein the adsorbent particles comprise porous pyrolyzed particles of a polysulfonated cross-linked synthetic copolymer, to adsorb the oxidizable organic compound on the adsorbent particles.

Abstract: A composite porous membrane is formed from a porous polymeric substrate having its entire surface modified with a cross-linked polymer which results in a hydrophobic and oleophobic surface. The composite membrane retains substantially all of its other original properties. The cross-linked polymer is formed in situ on the polymeric substrate from a reactant system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one fluoroalkyl group, a cross-linker, and, if needed, a polymerization initiator, dissolved in a nonpolar and or weakly polar solvent system. The membrane substrate saturated with the reactant system is exposed to a suitable energy source to effect polymerization and cross linking of the monomer.

Abstract: Highly crosslinked styrenic copolymers are treated to enhance their surface area by reacting residual vinyl groups in the copolymers in the presence of water or other non-swelling liquid and a Lewis-acid catalyst at elevated temperature

Abstract: A porous polytetrafluoroethylene resin material which comprises sintered or irradiated fluororesin powder inside the porous spaces of a continuously porous polytetrafluoroethylene resin base material.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for immobilizing proteins or peptides onto a flat, microporous membrane surface in a form suitable for sequence analysis or other chemical or enzymatic processes. The process involves the formation of a thin polymer network that entraps the protein or peptide therein.

Abstract: A substrate comprises a porous polymeric material having a porosity of at least 75% and comprising pores having a diameter within the range 1 to 100 .mu.m and being interconnected by a plurality of holes, and a gel or material adapted in use to form a gel which gel or pre-gel materials is contained and retained within the pores of the polymeric material and is adapted in use to interact with a reactive species and can be made by depositing and retaining the gel or a material adapted in use to form the gel within the pores of the porous polymeric material. The high porosity of the porous polymeric material in combination with the retention of the gel within the pores permit high loading capacities, particularly in the area of peptide synthesis to be achieved. The substrate can be employed in chemical synthesis, chromatography techniques, ion exchange and separation techniques.

Abstract: A method of improving the flame resistance of foams, such as open cell polyimide foams, through the introduction of finely divided non-metallic inorganic particles which are gel forming and insoluble in water and polar organic liquids into the foam cells. A stable liquid suspension or gel, preferably aqueous is prepared using these particles. An opacifier such as finely divided titanium dioxide or tin oxide may also be added. An open cell foam product is placed in the gel until the cells fill with the gel. Excess gel is removed and the foam is dried, leaving the particles trapped in the cells. If desired, the foam may be post treated, such as by compression at the stabilizing temperature, resulting in a densified foam which further mechanically traps the particles and further improves the flame resistance.

Abstract: A low density, open cell polymeric body is formed by coating or filling a reticulated polymeric foam with a liquid-form polymer which is resistant to high temperatures, curing the liquid form polymer in and on the foam and then removing the foam skeleton by dissolving and leaching the foam out of the solid polymeric body which remains.

Abstract: A solid composite air freshening article is provided which comprises a granular foam phase dispersed throughout a gelled phase in an amount effective to provide a sustained release of an effective amount of volatile air freshening ingredients present in both the foam and gelled phases. The foam phase comprises granules of a hydrophilic, polyurethane foam incorporating a volatile air freshening ingredient, a surfactant, and a solid filler material, while the gelled phase comprises water, a gelling agent, an organic solvent, and the same or a different air freshening ingredient as the granular foam phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel coating compositions for use on preformed foam products, comprising an aqueous admixture of a PVC copolymer dispersion and a polyurethane dispersion together with suitable additives as wetting agents, pigments dispersants, fillers and the like. The coating compositions may be applied by dipping, spraying, or any other suitable application means well known to those skilled in the art.

Abstract: A method of improving the flame resistance of foams, such as open cell polyimide foams, through the introduction of finely divided non-metallic inorganic particles which are gel forming and insoluble in water and polar organic liquids into the foam cells. A stable liquid suspension or gel, preferably aqueous is prepared using these particles. An opacifier such as finely divided titanium dioxide or tin oxide may also be added. An open cell foam product is placed in the gel until the cells fill with the gel. Excess gel is removed and the foam is dried, leaving the particles trapped in the cells. If desired, the foam may be post treated, such as by compression at the stabilizing temperature, resulting in a densified foam which further mechanically traps the particles and further improves the flame resistance.

Abstract: A membrane suitable for immobilizing peptides and proteins is disclosed. The membrane is a flexible, polymeric, porous membrane which contains functional groups capable of covalently linking the peptides and proteins. The functional groups can be provided by reacting the membrane itself or a coating thereon with nucleophiles which provide --NH.sub.2, --SH, --OH or --COOH functionality to the membrane surface. Additionally, surfaces containing --NH.sub.2 groups can be further reacted with diisothiocyantes to provide an isothiocyanate functionality having enhanced covalent binding characteristics.

Abstract: A method of improving the flame resistance of foams, such as open cell polyimide foams, through the introduction of finely divided metal oxide particles into the foam cells. A stable water suspension or gel is prepared using particles of metal oxides, such as aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. An opacifier such as titanium dioxide may also be added. An open cell foam product is placed in the gel until the cells fill with the gel. Excess gel is removed and the foam is dried, leaving the metal oxide particles trapped in the cells. If desired, the foam may be post treated, such as by compression at the stabilizing temperature, resulting in a densified foam which further mechanically traps the particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to macromolecular transfers, gel electrophoresis, and blotting methods involving polyaldehyde activated microporous membranes.

Abstract: A method of improving the flame resistance of foams, such as open cell polyimide foams, through the introduction of finely divided metal oxide particles into the foam cells. A stable water suspension or gel is prepared using particles of metal oxides, such as aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. An opacifier such as titanium dioxide may also be added. An open cell foam product is placed in the gel until the cells fill with the gel. Excess gel is removed and the foam is dried, leaving the metal oxide particles trapped in the cells. If desired, the foam may be post treated, such as by compression at the stabilizing temperature, resulting in a densified foam which further mechanically traps the particles.

Abstract: A substrate comprises a porous polymeric material having a porosity of at least 75% and comprising pores having a diameter within the range 1 to 100 .mu.m and being interconnected by a plurality of holes, and a gel or material adapted in use to form a gel which gel or pre-gel materials is contained and retained within the pores of the polymeric material and is adapted in use to interact with a reactive species and can be made by depositing and retaining the gel or a material adapted in use to form the gel within the pores of the porous polymeric material. The high porosity of the porous polymeric material in combination with the retention of the gel within the pores permit high loading capacities, particularly in the area of peptide synthesis to be achieved. The substrate can be employed in chemical synthesis, chromatography techniques, ion exchange and separation techniques.

Abstract: An activated microporous membrane is provided, having aldehyde functional groups on its inner and outer surfaces. The aldehyde functionality on all surfaces provides for effective covalent bonding to the membrane by amine containing materials. The activated membrane can be made of a polysulfone/polyacrolein mixture or a polysulfone microporous membrane treated with a polyacrolein solution.

Abstract: A hydrophobic polymeric microporous membrane having a CWST of less than about 28 dynes/cm is obtained by forming a (co)polymer of a fluorine-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer that is permanently chemically bonded to a microporous membrane substrate.

Abstract: A hydrophilic porous membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride excelling in perviousness to water and other various properties and enjoying high commercial value, having uniform hydropilicity imparted to the surface of pores therein, which porous membrane is characterized by the fact that the reflection spectrum thereof in the visible zone is substantially unchanged from that which existed before the treatment for impartation of hydrophilicity. A method for the production of the hydrophilic porous membrane, characterized by chemically treating the porous membrane in a strong alkali solution containing an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method of improving the flame resistance of foams, such as open cell polyimide foams, through the introduction of finely divided metal oxide particles into the foam cells. A stable water suspension or gel is prepared using particles of metal oxides, such as aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. An opacifier such as titanium dioxide may also be added. An open cell foam product is placed in the gel until the cells fill with the gel. Excess gel is removed and the foam is dried, leaving the metal oxide particles trapped in the cells. If desired, the foam may be post treated, such as by compression at the stabilizing temperature, resulting in a densified foam which further mechanically traps the particles.

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing oligonucleotides and peptides directly onto a membrane. The method provides a means for generating membrane affinity supports. A modified membrane for the method of direct synthesis is also provided.

Abstract: A polyamide dyed with a reactive dye capable of absorbing incident light of the excitation waveband of a fluorophore or light of the emission waveband of the polyamide is provided for use in assays in which the presence or quantity of an analyte is being detected by fluorescence as a result of excitation of a fluorescent material at an excitation waveband of light and in which the excitation waveband impinges upon the polyamide.

Abstract: The active support substance and the adsorbent for chromatography, which have got all of the properties desired for affinity chromatography, can be constituted by a porous copolymer comprising gel copolymer which is principally composed of (A) a glycidyl monovinylester or glycidyl monovinylether and (B) alkyleneglycol divinylester, and combination groups to be bound to ligands through a covalent bond, the (A) component being crosslinked by the (B) component, and the combination groups being bound to epoxy groups of the (A) component.

Abstract: A process for producing crosslinked polymer particles which comprises a first step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the entire polymerizable monomer, of a crosslinkable monomer in a medium in which the polymerizable monomer is soluble but the resulting polymer is insoluble, to obtain crosslinked polymer particles having a particle size of from 0.8 to 10 .mu.m, and a second step of letting the crosslinked polymer particles absorb from 1 to 50 times by weight of a polymerizable monomer containing from 2 to 100% by weight, based on the entire polymerizable monomer, of a crosslinkable monomer in an aqueous medium, followed by polymerization to obtain crosslinked polymer particles having a particle size of from 1 to 30 .mu.m and a crosslinking degree of from 1.0 to 98%.

Abstract: A process for producing crosslinked polymer particles which comprises a first step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the entire polymerizable monomer, of a crosslinkable monomer in a medium in which the polymerizable monomer is soluble but the resulting polymer is insoluble, to obtain crosslinked polymer particles having a particle size of from 0.8 to 10 .mu.m, and a second step of letting the crosslinked polymer particles absorb from 1 to 50 times by weight of a polymerizable monomer containing from 2 to 100% by weight, based on the entire polymerizable monomer, of a crosslinkable monomer in an aqueous medium, followed by polymerization to obtain crosslinked polymer particles having a particle size of from 1 to 30 .mu.m and a crosslinking degree of from 1.

Abstract: A porous chemically activated medium having a low affinity for peptide group-containing materials is provided comprising a porous polymeric medium having a low affinity for peptide group-containing materials covalently bound to a residue of an activating agent which is capable of reacting with an acceptor molecule.

Abstract: Foamed microbeads with a shell and an encased core are characterized in that the shell is a reaction product of an NCO-containing carbodiimide and a polyamine, and the core is at least partly filled with a polymeric carbodiimide or its reaction product with a polyamine, and in that the foamed microbeads are self-supporting and can be laden with hydrophilic and if appropriate hydrophobic liquids.

Abstract: Carrier material for the immobilization of microorganisms, particularly for use in connection with microbiological conversion and/or separation of constituents from gaseous or liquid media, is disclosed. The carrier material comprises a dimensionally stable macroporous skeleton comprised of relatively coarse-grain granular material such as sinterable thermoplastic granules, and relatively fine grain microporous material, such as activated charcoal, which are bonded together. The carrier material thus comprises both macropores having a pore size of from about 10 to 200 .mu.m and micropores having a pore size of up to about 0.1 .mu.m depending upon the identity of the five grain microporous material that is used. Additional finely divided materials, such as catalytic agents or density modifying agents, may also be disposed within the macroporous skeleton. The preparation and use of the carrier material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flame retardant polymeric foam having a flame retarding amount of heat set carbonaceous fibers derived from stabilized acrylic fibers or pitch based fibers, said fibers having an LOI value greater than 40.

Abstract: Foamed products are prepared by subjecting a crosslinked polymer such as an ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer susceptible to heating by high frequency electromagnetic radiation such as microwave or radio frequency which has been imbibed or impregnated with a suitable mechanical or physical blowing agent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon to sufficient high frequency electromagnetic radiation to cause foaming of the polymer.

Abstract: A hydrophilic porous membrane has graft chains of a hydrophilic monomer formed on the surface of a hydrophobic porous membrane so as to impart to the surface perfect hydrophilicity such that the produced membrane, when wetted, exhibits a swelling ratio of not more than 1% and a bubble point in the range of 0.5 to 8 kg/cm.sup.2. The hydrophilic porous membrane is produced by irradiating the hydrophobic porous membrane with plasma, feeding the hydrophilic monomer in a gaseous state, and allowing the hydrophilic monomer to be graft polymerized on the surface of the porous membrane. A plasma separator is obtained by using the aforementioned hydrophilic porous membrane as a plasma separation membrane.

Abstract: Carbonaceous adsorbent particles having multimodal pore size, including micropores and macropores, with improved adsorptive and separative properties, are prepared by partial pyrolysis of polysulfonated macroporous precursor resins, said resins being in turn derived from macroporous poly(vinylaromatic) resins. The particles may be further treated by activating with reactive gases or by functionalization.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams based on reactive polyols and polyisocyanates containing a filler are modified with an organofunctional silane containing a hydrolyzable group and an ethylenically unsaturated linkage. The polyurethane foams have improved physical properties including improved stability, compression set, tear resistance, elongation, and tensile strength.

Abstract: An electrically conductive composite material is disclosed which comprises a conductive open-celled, low density, microcellular carbon foam filled with a non-conductive polymer or resin. The composite material is prepared in a two-step process consisting of first preparing the microcellular carbon foam from a carbonizable polymer or copolymer using a phase separation process, then filling the carbon foam with the desired non-conductive polymer or resin. The electrically conductive composites of the present invention has a uniform and consistant pattern of filler distribution, and as a result is superior over prior art materials when used in battery components, electrodes, and the like.

Abstract: Open-cell structures are filled with polyimide foam formed in place by the use of a foam precursor in powdered form comprised of a combination of (a) the reaction product of an excess of organic polyisocyanate and a member selected from the group consisting of furfuryl alcohol and condensation products thereof, and (b) an organic polycarboxylic compound containing two carboxylic anhydride groups. The precursor is prepared by combining the species under conditions which favor the reaction of the furfuryl alcohol with the polyisocyanate, but not the polyimide-forming reaction. The polyimide-forming reaction itself is then performed by adding preselected amounts of the powdered precursor, depending on the desired ultimate density of the foam, to each cell of the open-cell structure, then heating to initiate the polyimide reaction, and permitting the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction to escape while confining the resulting foam to the cells.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of molded parts from fibrous material, particularly cellulose-containing fibers. A particulate binder is incorporated into a fiber filling after which the mixture is precompacted into a fiber mat which is subjected to a hot steam treatment and is finally molded into the finished part under pressure and heat. The binder consists of thermoplastic particles into which a blowing agent is incorporated by forming an alloy-like state which is activated prior to final molding of the part, preferably by means of hot steam treatment, and a binder which cross-links when exposed to heat applied to the surface of the particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oil-containing resin having a flowability of not more than 45.degree. in terms of an angle of repose, which comprises a porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and a liquid oil adsorbed on the copolymer, an oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form of the oil-containing resin and a liquid oil, and a composition of the oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form and a thermoplastic resin. Owing to a good flowability, the oil-containing resin has a good moldability, and also owing to a high oil content, a molding having distinguished sliding characteristics is obtained from the composition of the oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form and a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to absorbent compositions, to methods for handling and immobilizing particulate absorbents, and to absorbent articles produced from the absorbent compositions. Absorbent materials such as cross-linked, water-insoluble and water-swellable particulate polymers are immobilized and safely handled by adding thereto an aqueous liquid such as water or saline in amounts sufficient to form hydrates in which the water comprises from 20% to 80% by weight of the total hydrate. The hydrates may be extruded, sprinkled, or sprayed and can be incorporated into absorbent articles such as diapers and tampons by conventional means. The hydrates unexpectedly increase the total water absorbency of the absorbent on a dry basis.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer composite comprising a porous body of polymer A containing interconnected cavities, and polymer B containing an electrically conductive filler and filling the cavities of the porous body. This polymer composite can be made by filling the cavities of the porous body with a liquid monomer, monomer mixture or prepolymer and then polymerizing or cross-linking it to yield polymer B in solid form. The polymer composite has excellent mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity and, therefore, is suitable for use as an electrically conductive material, electromagnetic wave shielding material, heating element and antistatic material.

Abstract: An activated microporous membrane is provided, having aldehyde functional groups on its inner and outer surfaces. The aldehyde functionally on all surfaces provides for effective covalent bonding to the membrane by amine containing materials. The activated membrane can be made of a polysulfone/polyacrolein mixture or a polysulfone microporous membrane treated with a polyacrolein solution.

Abstract: Aliphatic polyamides are reacted on their surfaces with sulphuryl chloride, either neat or in solution in paraffins or cycloparaffins to give reactive intermediate whcih may convert into a support capable of reaction with antibodies or enzymes by providing covalent chemical links to which the antibodies or enzymes may be bound.

Abstract: The coefficient of friction of surfaces of articles, wherein the surface comprises a hydrophilic polyurethane polymer, is reduced by treating the surface with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and a low molecular weight organic polyhydroxy compound, and removing excess treating mixture. Typical low friction articles produced thereby are boat hulls having drag resistant coatings, conduits having low friction linings, and cannula or body implants having slippery surfaces.

Abstract: Foamed microbeads with a shell and an encased core are characterized in that the shell is a reaction product of an NCO-containing carbodiimide and a polyamine, and the core is at least partly filled with a polymeric carbodiimide or its reaction product with a polyamine, and in that the foamed microbeads are self-supporting and can be laden with hydrophilic and if appropriate hydrophobic liquids.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyurethane(urea) compositions which contain foam and which are preferably cationically modified, contain non-abrasively bonded fillers and have a very high water absorbability (WAF).Production is effected by reacting isocyanate-terminated prepolymers with a quantity of water far exceeding the stoichiometric quantity in the presence of foams in particle or film form. The reaction mixture may also contain lignite powder and/or peat, other inorganic and organic fillers and/or biomasses (living cells, living bacteria, enzymes).The polyurethane(urea) compositions contain up to 95% by weight of foam particles and may contain further fillers (preferably lignite and/or peat). The compositions are swollen and have a high water content during production. Their water absorbability (WAF) when suspended in water is 33 to 97% by weight of water.