Abstract: The present invention provides photolatent Ti-chelate catalyst compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is for example C6-C14 aryl which is substituted by one or more R?2, R?3 or R?4; or the two R1 together are unsubstituted linear or branched C1-C12alkylene; R2, R3, R4, R?2, R?3, and R?4 independently of each other are for example hydrogen, halogen or linear or branched C1-C20alkyl; R5, R6 and R7 independently of each other are hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C20alkyl, C6-C14aryl, Br or Cl, provided that not more than one of R5, R6 and R7 is hydrogen; as well as formulations comprising said compounds and defined 1,3-diketones.

Abstract: Curable adhesive compositions are provided that exhibit a high refractive index.

Abstract: A curable composition includes (A) silica fine particles surface-modified with at least one silane compound including at least (A1) a polymerizable silane compound of the general formula (1), (B) a (meth)acrylate compound, and (C) a polymerization initiator, SiR1aR2bR3c(OR4)4-a-b-c??(1) wherein R1 is a C11-20 hydrocarbon group having an ethylenic unsaturated group, or a substituted C11-20 hydrocarbon group having an ethylenic unsaturated group and having an ether bond and/or an ester bond; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 hydrocarbon group; R3 is a halogen atom; R4 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group; a is an integer of 1 to 3; b is an integer of 0 to 2; c is an integer of 0 to 3; the sum of a and b is 1 to 3; the sum of a, b and c is 1 to 4.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid curable resin composition containing (A) a polymer component containing (A1) a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in a molecule thereof; (B) a low-molecular weight monomer having one ethylenically unsaturated group in a molecule thereof; and (C) a polymerization initiator, wherein the component (B) contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I). The liquid curable resin composition may be a material which is suitably applicable for the purpose of filling a space between a protective panel and an image display unit or the like in a large-sized image display device and which is excellent in moist heat resistance reliability. (In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms; and n represents a number of from 1 to 20.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive composition which has a cured product exhibiting high transparency and a high refractive index, and which has high adhesive strength and experiences little reduction in the adhesive strength, even when exposed to high temperatures. In order to achieve the above the adhesive composition includes: (1) a hydrocarbon polymer having a total light transmittance of visible light, as measured according to JIS K7361-1, of at least 80%; (2) at least one kind of (meth)acrylic monomer selected from a mono(meth)acrylic monomer having one (meth)acrylic group in a molecule and a di(meth)acrylic monomer having two (meth)acrylic groups in a molecule; and (3) a photoinitiator; wherein 30-190 parts by weight of component (2) are included relative to 100 parts by weight of component (1).

Abstract: A crosslinkable curing super-branched polyester and the cured product and the preparation method thereof are disclosed. The super-branched polyester has high refractive index and comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (I). In the formula (I), HBP is the backbone of the super-branched polyester; both a and b are positive integers; the sum of a and b is less than or equal to n; n is more than or equal to 10 and less than 80. In the super-branched polyester, A is represented by formula (II) and N is represented by formula (III), wherein R is methyl or hydrogen atom; the mole ratio of N relative to the total mole of A and N is more than 30 mol %, and the ratio of the total mole of A and N relative to the product of the total mole of HBP backbone and n is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: an ultraviolet-curable adhesive to be used for laminating a first optical base material and a second optical base material having a light-shielding portion on a surface thereof to each other, the ultraviolet-curable adhesive comprising (A) an organic compound capable of absorbing an ultraviolet ray to emit light and having a specified light absorption wavelength and a specified light emission maximum wavelength, (B) a photopolymerizable compound, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator; a cured product obtained by irradiating the adhesive with an ultraviolet ray; and an optical member comprising the cured product, such as a touch panel.

Abstract: A durable ambient light curable waterproof liquid rubber coating with volatile organic compound (VOC) content of less than 450 grams per liter made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) in a solvent, a photoinitiator, an additive, pigments, and fillers, and a co-agent and a method for making the formulation, wherein the formulation is devoid of thermally activated accelerators.

Abstract: A cured product that is reduced in warping and has high hardness can be obtained from an active energy ray-curable resin composition which uses a methacrylic acid ester polymer that has an acid value of 50 mg KOH/g or less and a transition metal content of 1 ppm or less, while containing 80% by mole or more of a polymer that has a double bond-terminated structure represented by formula (1). (In formula (1), R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: The ultraviolet cured optic binder has low curing shrinkage, low hardness and high optical transmittance. Technology programs are as follows: an ultraviolet cured optic binder composition includes the following raw material in parts by weight: 50 to 100 parts of prepolymer, 20 to 90 parts of inert resin, 35 to 70 parts of monomer, 5 to 12 parts of photoinitiator, 2 to 3 parts of coupling reagent, 1 to 2 parts of auxiliaries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: an ultraviolet-curable adhesive to be used for laminating a first optical base material and a second optical base material having a light-shielding portion on a surface thereof to each other, the ultraviolet-curable adhesive containing (A) a compound capable of absorbing an ultraviolet ray to emit light, (B) a photopolymerizable compound, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator; a cured product obtained by irradiating the adhesive with an ultraviolet ray; and an optical member having the cured product, such as a touch panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical member fabricated by laminating together at least two substrates by means of a cured product layer of an ultraviolet-curable resin composition containing (A) a (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight average molecule weight of 1,500 to 30,000, (B) a (meth)acrylate compound having a (meth)acrylic equivalent of 200 g/eq. or more and having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator, and an ultraviolet-curable resin composition for laminating together at least two substrates, and is useful as an optical transparent adhesive exhibiting high curability, allowing for lesser shrinkage during curing, and being excellent in the transparency of the cured product as well as in the adhesiveness to a substrate and the flexibility.

Abstract: A liquid sealant composition that can be cured by photoinitiation, heat-activated free radical initiation or both that includes an effective amount of an elastomeric acrylic polyolefin; an effective amount of a low molecular weight acrylic functional monomer component, the acrylic functional monomer component containing one or more unreacted acrylic or methacrylic double bonds, the low molecular weight acrylic functional monomer component having greater than 75% monofunctional monomers, wherein the elastomeric acrylic polyolefin is soluble in the low molecular weight acrylic functional monomer; at least one plasticizer; and at least one curing agent, the curing agent including at least one photoinitiator, at least one heat-activated free radical initiator, or a combination of at least one photoinitiator and at least one heat-activated free radical initiator.

Abstract: Provided is a curable resin composition which has excellent optical properties, heat resistance, transparency, low water absorbability, and mold release property in molding, and reduces the occurrence of a burr from a mold. Also provided are a cured product thereof and an optical material.

Abstract: A photocurable resin composition contains an acrylate-based oligomer component as component (a), an acrylic-based monomer component as component (b), a plasticizer component as component (c), and a photopolymerization initiator component as component (d). The total amount of the component (a) and the component (b) contained in the photocurable resin composition is 25 to 80% by mass, and the amount of the plasticizer component as the component (c) contained in the photocurable resin composition is 65 to 10% by mass. The component (c) contains a solid tackifier and a liquid plasticizing component, and the mass ratio of the tackifier to the liquid plasticizing component is in the range of 60 to 30:30 to 10.

Abstract: A surface protective film includes a structure in which a fluorine resin having a perfluoroalkylene ether structure in a main chain is crosslinking polymerized, wherein a storage elastic modulus E? is in the range of 10 MPa to 1000 MPa at a temperature which is 40 K higher than a dynamic glass transition temperature Tg in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measurement frequency of 10 Hz.

Abstract: An optical element material which is obtained by curing a resin composition for photoimprinting containing a photocurable monomer (A) of the formula (1) and a photocurable monomer (B) of the formula (2) in a weight ratio of from 30/70 to 87/13, and containing a photopolymerization initiator (C) in a content of from 0.01 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the monomer (A) and the monomer (B), and which has a shrinkage on curing of at most 4.5%, and a method for producing it: wherein R1 is —CH?CH2, —CH2CH2—O—CH?CH2, —CH2—C(CH3)?CH2 or a glycidyl group; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl group; R4 and R5 are each independently —O—CH?CH2, —O—CH2CH2—O—CH?CH2, —O—CO—CH?CH2, —O—CO—C(CH3)?CH2, —O—CH2CH2—O—CO—CH?CH2, —O—CH2CH2—O—CO—C(CH3)?CH2 or a glycidyl ether group; and R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl group.

Abstract: Various radiation-curable compositions for making optically clear high refractive index materials are provided. The radiation-curable compositions include: one or more aryl-containing compounds including one or more ethylenically unsaturated moieties: one or more reactive diluent compounds including an ethylenically unsaturated moiety; one or more heat-stabilizing compounds; and one or more photo initiators. Various methods of making optically clear high refractive index coatings are also provided.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions and methods are disclosed. The antimicrobial compositions are particularly useful in providing antimicrobial capability to a wide-range of medical devices. In one aspect the invention relates a UV curable antimicrobial coating comprising a UV curable composition comprising an oligomer, a momoner, and a photoinitiator which are together capable of forming a UV curable polymer composition. The compositions also include insoluble antimicrobial agents, which may be selected from a wide array of agents. The insoluble antimicrobial agents include a particle size less than 15 ?m. Representative insoluble antimicrobial agents include chlorhexidine diacetate, chlorhexidine base, alexidine(dihydrochloride), silver sufladiazene, silver citrate, triclosan, octenidine(dihydrochloride), and rifampicin.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing polymer hydrogel for an osmosis solute may include cross-linking polymerizing a zwitterionic monomer (including an anionic group and a cationic group) and a temperature-sensitive monomer. Example embodiments also relate to a draw solute for forward osmosis including polymer hydrogel manufactured according to the method, and a forward osmosis water treatment device and method using the forward osmosis draw solute.

Abstract: An imprint material which is in a transparent and homogeneous varnish form, is not peeled off in cross-cut tests, in which the adhesion of coating films is evaluated, and forms films that can have a mold release force of 0.5 g/cm or less. An imprint material including: a component (A): a compound containing at least one alkylene oxide unit having carbon atom number of 2, 3 or 4 and at least two polymerizable groups; a component (B): a photopolymerization initiator; a component (C): a solvent that swells or dissolves a surface portion of a film base material to which the imprint material is applied; and a component (D): a silicone compound.

Abstract: A nanoimprinting method employs a resist composition including polymerizable compounds and a polymerization initiating agent, each having absorption spectrum properties with absorption regions within a range from 250 nm to 500 nm. The polymerization initiating agent has an absorption region with a longer wavelength end wavelength longer than the longer wavelength end wavelength of the absorption region of the polymerizable compounds. Further, exposure of the resist composition is executed by light having spectral intensity properties that satisfy a predetermined relational formula. The present invention enables contamination of molds by adhered matter to be suppressed, and enables formation of resist patterns having sufficient etching resistance by nanoimprinting.

Abstract: Addition-fragmentation agents of the formula are disclosed having the following functional groups: 1) a labile addition-fragmentation group that can cleave and reform to relieve strain, 2) a free-radically polymerizable group, and 3) a surface-modifying functional group that associates with the surface of a substrate.

Abstract: The disclosure provides curable inks including a diurethane gelator having the structure of Formula I. wherein R and R? each, independently of the other, is a C1-C22 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of (1) linear aliphatic groups, (2) branched aliphatic groups, (3) cyclic aliphatic groups, (4) aliphatic groups containing both cyclic and acyclic portions, any carbon atom of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group (cyclic or acyclic), wherein (1) and (2) groups have a carbon number of from about 1 to about 22 carbons, and wherein (3) and (4) groups have a carbon number of from about 4 to about 10 carbons; and X is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an alkylene group, (ii) an arylene group, (iii) an arylalkylene group, and (iv) an alkylarylene group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an application of a composition containing telechelic macromer and photoinitiator for producing implant for hernia repair. The macromer structure is defined by Formula 1. The macromer bears (meth)acrylic end-groups and comprises a core Y defined by Formulas 2 to 9, that is linked by urethane, ester or anhydride bonds to the (meth)acrylic groups. The iodine value of the macromer is from 5 to 75. The composition according to the present invention can be shaped at room temperature and at 37° C. and is capable of undergoing liquid-to-solid transition upon irradiation with low intensity light. Upon irradiation with light the composition gains desired physicochemical properties and turns into an elastic solid. The implant for hernia repair serves for closing the hernia opening and for enhancing mechanical strength of abdominal wall.

Abstract: Provided is a method for providing a composition comprising at least one propylene-based polymer; at least one of multifunctional acrylates, multifunctional methacrylates, functionalized polybutadiene resins, functionalized cyanurate, and allyl isocyanurate; at least one of hindered phenols, phosphites, and hindered amines; and at least one photoinitiator for UV curing. The propylene-based polymer can include propylene derived units and one or more dienes, and have a triad tacticity of from 50% to 99% and a heat of fusion of less than 80 J/g. The composition can be extruded and crosslinked. The crosslinked composition is particularly useful for making films and fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparent, radiation curable acrylate coating composition comprising (a) at least three polyfunctional acrylate derivatives, (b) a photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of phosphine oxides, ketones, and combinations thereof, (c) a nanoscale filler, and (d) a dibenzoyl resorcinol UV absorber, at least one of said acrylate derivatives being an aliphatic polyester urethane multi-acrylate having an acrylate functionality of at least 5 and an elongation of no greater than 5%, and at least two of said acrylate derivatives being diacrylates, wherein at least one of said diacrylates is an aliphatic Polyester urethane diacrylate having an elongation of greater than 5% and a number average molecular weight of from 500 to about 2500 and wherein another of said diacrylates is a urethane-free diacrylate having a number average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 600.

Abstract: A curable silsesquioxane polymer, a composition including such polymer, an article having a layer disposed thereon that includes the curable polymer and/or the cured polymer, and a method of forming a cured coating, wherein the curable silsesquioxane polymer includes a three-dimensional branched network having the formula: wherein: the oxygen atom at the * is bonded to another Si atom within the three-dimensional branched network; R is an organic group comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group; n is an integer of greater than 3; and the —OH groups are present in an amount of at least 15 wt-% of the polymer.

Abstract: The invention provides meltable and UV-crosslinkable pressure-sensitive adhesives, such as acrylate hotmelts or hotmelt formulations, which can be processed by commonplace hotmelt processes and also on customary hotmelt coating lines, without any immediate alteration in the product properties in the event of (unwanted) deviation in the operational parameters. The compositions of the invention are UV-crosslinkable and meltable pressure-sensitive adhesives comprising (i) mixtures of UV-crosslinkable polyacrylate polymers selected from a) mixtures of UV-crosslinkable polymers with at least one photoinitiator bonded covalently to the backbone of the polymers, and b) mixtures of UV-crosslinkable polyacrylate polymers, monomers and at least one photoinitiator, and also (ii) at least one UV stabilizer, and also methods for producing them and the use thereof as bonding agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dental restorative material on the basis of at least one compound of Formula I A-[X-Q-(Y-CG)n]m??Formula I, wherein CG represents in each case independently an azide group N3 or an alkyne group selected from the group consisting of —CR1R2—C?CH, with the proviso that the dental restorative material comprises at least one compound of Formula I comprising an azide group and at least one compound of Formula I comprising an alkyne group. The invention also relates to the use of the dental restorative materials according to the invention for preparing dental composites, preferably composite blanks, which are suitable in particular for mechanical processing by means of computer-aided processing techniques such as milling and grinding processes, and which are suitable above all for preparing dental restoration materials such as inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges or veneering materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layer product, the first layer being a UV-cured protective layer which contains SiO2 nanoparticles, and the second layer containing a thermoplastic substrate. In addition, the invention relates to the composition of the UV-curable first layer, a process for the production of the multi-layer products and products, such as e.g. glazing products, which contain the named multi-layer products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical transparent dual cure adhesive, and process for preparing this dual cure adhesive, and uses thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to optical transparent adhesive, which is both capable of being UV-light cured and thermal cured, for example, it can be used for the bonding of touch screen of an electronic device and substrate.

Abstract: Macro-photoinitiators having defined polymer chain structure are provided. The macro-photoinitiators are terminated with residues of thiol and/or hydroxyl functional photoinitiators. The macro-photoinitiators may be prepared by controlled radical polymerization methods, such as atom transfer radical polymerization and single electron transfer polymerization methods. Also provided are curable (e.g., photocurable) compositions that include the macro-photoinitiators of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a to provide a curable composition for imprints capable of keeping a good patternability and of producing less defects even after repetitive pattern transfer. The curable composition for imprints comprising: a polymerizable compound (A); a photo-polymerization initiator (B); and a non-polymerizable compound (C) having a polyalkylene glycol structure having at least one terminal hydroxy group, or at least one etherified terminal hydroxy group, and containing substantially no fluorine atom and no silicon atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a precursor composition for polyimides, said composition comprising an amic acid oligomer of formula (1) and a dianhydride derivative with ester (—C(O)OR) and carboxy (—C(O)OH) terminal groups of formula (2): wherein R, G, G1, P, D and m are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides polyimides synthesized from the above-mentioned precursor composition.

Abstract: An ink composition having excellent storage stability and curing properties after an image formation and an image forming method using the ink composition are provided. An ink composition including (A) a polymerizable compound represented by the following general formula (1) and (B) a polymerization initiator and an image forming method using the ink composition. In the general formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R2 represents a liner or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. However, in R2, it is not possible to have a structure in which an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom which are bonded to both ends of R2 are bonded to the same carbon atom of R2. R3 represents a divalent linking group. k represents 2 or 3. x, y and z each independently represent an integer of 0 to 6 and x+y+z satisfies 0 to 18.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocurable adhesive composition and the use of the same. Specifically, said photocurable adhesive composition mainly comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adhesive composition, component A: from 70 to 99 parts by weight of one or more polymers carrying (meth)acryloxyl group; component B: from 0 to 30 parts by weight, preferably from 0 to 25 parts by weight of one or more (meth)acrylates monomers; component C: from 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one UV absorber; and component D: from 0 to 5 parts by weight of antioxidant. The present invention also relates to the use of the adhesive composition mentioned above in the production of an ITO substrate for temporarily bonding a substrate and a temporary carrier and going through a high temperature processing, for example, at a temperature of >160° C., preferably, from 160° C. to 260° C., more preferably from 240° C. to 250° C.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for repairing defects on a surface of an optical substrate. The method includes a step of providing a radiation curable coating and then applying the coating onto a surface of the optical substrate. The coating is then cured with a UV light source causing the refractive index of the coating to be less than ±10% of the refractive index of the substrate. The cured coating exhibits a viscosity less than about 315 CP at 25° C. The present invention also describes a novel coating composition for repairing optical substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-glare coating composition for preparation of anti-glare films having good anti-fingerprint properties as well as improved contrast ratio and image definition. More specifically, the coating composition comprises organic or inorganic particles, a photocurable resin, a photoinitiator, and a compound including an olefin oxide repeating unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, and an overcoat and/or spacer for a liquid crystal display component formed thereby has good heat-resistant transmittance, good chemical resistance and good elastic recovery rate. The invention also provides a method for forming a thin film on a substrate, a thin film on a substrate and a liquid crystal display component.

Abstract: A polymeric matrix is melt processed with reactive monomers or oligomers that are miscible in the polymeric matrix. Upon initial melt processing and mixing, the reactive monomers or oligomers contained within the resulting polymeric matrix are cured with actinic radiation to form a polymeric alloy. The alloy of the polymeric matrix and the cured polymer possesses a non-Cequilibrium morphology and a surface energy that is effectively secured for a desired application and use after subsequent compounding.

Abstract: Crosslinked, ultraviolet cured polycondensation products of either a saturated or unsaturated polyol and an unsaturated polyacid are disclosed. The preferred monomers used in the present invention are sustainable monomers, such as glycerol, castor oil, fumaric acid, sebacic acid, and citric acid. Other monomers, including maleic acid, may also be used. The monomers are cured using a photoinitiator. Processes for preparing the polycondensation products are also provided.

Abstract: An ink composition with excellent solvent resistance of the recorded image and fixability to a recording medium which may be applicable to an ink jet recording method, and an image forming method using the ink composition are provided. An ink composition which includes a dispersion medium including (a) water, and particles of (b) a polymer compound and (b) the polymer compound includes a repeating unit having a partial structure represented by the following General Formula (1) is provided. In the following General Formula (1), Ra and Rb, each independently, represent an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms 1 to 4, and Ra and Rb may be bonded to each other to form an alicyclic structure with 4- to 6-membered ring and * represents a bonding site to a main chain or a side chain in the polymer compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a hybrid packaging material, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a colloidal inorganic nanosol; (b) surface-treating the inorganic nanosol of step (a) with an organic metal alkoxide containing an organic function group by stirring the inorganic nanosol together with the organic metal alkoxide; (c) replacing a solvent of the inorganic nanosol with an organic solvent different in type from the solvent to prepare an organic solvent-type inorganic nanosol; (d) substituting the organic solvent of the inorganic nanosol of step (c) with a functional organic monomer or a silicon compound, followed by concentration to prepare a solvent-free organic-inorganic hybrid material; and (e) adding a nanoclay dispersed in a solvent to the solvent-free organic-inorganic hybrid material.

Abstract: A producing method of a plasma polymerized film includes irradiating a composition containing at least one kind of radically polymerizable compound, and at least one of a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent with plasma. The plasma polymerized film is formed by polymerizing a composition containing at least one of a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent, and at least one kind of radically polymerizable compound by irradiation of plasma.

Abstract: An adhesive (co)polymers comprising: a) an isobutylene copolymer having pendent anhydride groups, b) a polyamine photobase generator and c) optionally a tackifier is described.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition includes (component A) C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, (component B) a fatty acid amide compound, and (component C) a high molecular weight dispersant. The method of producing an inkjet ink composition includes preliminary mixing (component A) C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 and (component B) a fatty acid amide compound to obtain a mixture, and mixing the mixture and (component C) a high molecular weight dispersant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dye that is excellent in solubility and excellent in heat resistance and a novel compound that is preferable for the dye, and specifically provides a yellow dye having a wavelength of maximum absorption in the region of 400 to 450 nm, and also provides a coloring (alkali-developable) photosensitive composition using the above-mentioned dye, and an optical filter using the above-mentioned coloring (alkali-developable) photosensitive composition, specifically a color filter that does not decrease luminance and thus is preferable for image display devices such as liquid crystal display panels. Specifically, a compound represented by the following general formula (1) is used as the dye. The content of the above-mentioned general formula (1) is as described in the description.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: An interpenetrating polymer network includes CH2—CH2—On segments, and is formed by polymerizing a first monomer R1—OCH2—CH2—OnR2 with a second monomer R3—OCH2—CH2—OmR4 under an initiator. Each “R1”, “R2” and “R3” includes —C?C— group or —C?C— group. The “R4” includes an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. The “m” and “n” are integer. Molecular weights of the first monomer and the second monomer are more than or equal to 100, and less than or equal to 800. The first monomer is less than or equal to 50% of the second monomer by weight. A method for making the interpenetrating polymer network is also provided.