Abstract: Anti-fouling compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a film-forming resin and effective amounts of graphite and copper. Methods for using the compositions are also disclosed, as are substrates coated with the compositions. The coatings find particular application on substrates that are submerged for extended periods of time in salt water. Methods for promoting oyster cultivation are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer comprising quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups bound to the backbone of the polymer, said quaternary ammonium groups and/or quaternary phosphonium groups being neutralised by counter-ions, wherein the counter-ions consist of the anionic residue of an acid having an aliphatic, aromatic, or alkaryl hydrocarbon group comprising 6 or more carbon atoms. The invention further relates to the preparation of this polymer, its use in anti-fouling compositions, and to anti-fouling compositions comprising the polymer.

Abstract: Copolymers containing trialkylsilylacrylate units are erodible in seawater and can be used to formulate antifouling marine paints. The copolymers are characterized by low levels of silylacrylate component.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for preventing the attachment of aquatic organisms to surfaces that are submerged for extension periods of time in water. More particularly, this invention relates to the protection of submerged surfaces with alkylamine derivatives as antifouling agents. The invention is beneficiary for the environment in that it will permit the use of copper- and tin-free paints.

Abstract: The invention relates to granulated copper oxide containing a binding agent which is resistant to organic solvents, a process of preparing the material and the use thereof. This granulated copper oxide is highly suitable as a biocide in antifouling paints.

Abstract: Foams expanding in a fire and based on styrene/butadiene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane or neoprene, which contain a combination of phosphoric acid compound, polyalcohol and polyamide as an intumescent component.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for preventing the attachment of aquatic organisms to surfaces that are submerged for extensive periods of time in water. More particularly, this invention relates to the protection of submerged surfaces with alkylamine derivatives as antifouling agents. The invention is beneficiary for the environment in that it will permit the use of copper- and tin-free paints.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a non-dusting copper pyrithione dispersion comprising small solid particles of copper pyrithione dispersed in a liquid dispersant, said solid particles having a particle size within a range of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns and a median particle size of less than 3 microns. The dispersion is suitably employed as an antifouling additive for marine paints without risking worker exposure to copper pyrithione dust. Paints containing the small particle copper pyrithione exhibit improved antifouling performance in cold water, as compared to paint containing larger particle copper pyrithione.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to an adhesive composition that is clear, flexible, and is devoid of non-polar additives and comprises molecules that are polar and particles having a lipophilic surface. In one embodiment, the particles range from 7 nm to 3 &mgr;m in diameter and the adhesive layer is between 0.1 and 5 &mgr;m thick. The particles may be alkyl-converted fumed silica, porous polymer-coated surfaces, or styrene/divinyl benzene polymer. The particles absorb non-polar oils or lubricants that prevent adhesion between printable media and the adhesive layer of the film. The present disclosure is a general solution for oily or lubricated substrates or printed areas. Oily materials are used in inks, dry powder toners, liquid EP toners, and in printers and copiers. The present teachings allow the adhesive to bond well to print media surfaces.

Abstract: A composition for coating a water-contacting surface for reducing kinematic friction, preventing corrosion and blistering, reducing water impact noise, and absorbing water shock includes a polymer including a polyhydroxystyrene of the novolak type. In alternate embodiments the composition also includes an antifouling agent, a gel coating material, and/or an epoxy. A method includes coating a water-contacting surface with the composition, preferably in a solution in an appropriate solvent, such as a low-molecular-weight oxygenated hydrocarbon such as an alcohol or a ketone. Application of the composition to a water-submersible or -contacting surface results in a hydrophilic surface having a considerably reduced contact angle, permitting increased speed and improving fuel efficiency.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition comprising a carrier and an antifouling agent belonging to the families of isothiazolones or furanones, wherein the composition is substantially non-toxic to a cultured marine or aquatic animal when applied to the animal; and uses of the antifouling composition to reduce or inhibit fouling of marine or aquatic animals and aquaculture apparatus.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition comprising (A) a silyl ester copolymer containing constituent units derived from a polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid silyl ester; (B) a carboxylic acid; (C) a bivalent or trivalent metal compound; and (D) a dehydrating agent. It is preferred that the component (C) be contained in an amount of 1.2 equivalents or more, in terms of the number of equivalents of metal as a constituent of the component (C), per equivalent of carboxyl group of the carboxylic acid (B); that the component (C) be a bivalent metal compound; and that the component (C) be a compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and barium.

Abstract: This invention relates to an article comprising a bio-supportive matrix comprising at least one bio-limiting agent and at least one nutritional source on a substrate. The invention also relates to the bio-supportive matrix and methods of using the matrix. The present invention can be used as a biological barrier to unwanted organisms, such as animals and plants, by producing allelochemicals that either kill or repel those organisms. The invention could be used as a coating on a vessel to prevent fouling of vessels. The invention may also be used to manufacture specific allelochemicals such as drugs or pharmaceuticals. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a bio-limiting ecological substrate useful as a means for producing allelochemicals, comprising the steps of providing a bio-supportive matrix as described above, and exposing the matrix to the environment, wherein the matrix is prepared to provide a biomass that produces the desired allelochemicals.

Abstract: An antifouling coating film excellent in film solubility and antifouling performance; an antifouling coating material forming the film; a submerged structure having the antifouling coating film; and an antifouling method. The antifouling coating material comprises a polymer having specific organosilicon ester groups and a polymer having specific metal carboxylate groups. The antifouling coating film is formed from the antifouling coating material. The submerged structure has the antifouling coating film. The antifouling method comprises applying the antifouling coating material.

Abstract: A reduced density, low water, high-solids flooring adhesive, comprising an intimately blended mixture of between 10 percent and 20 percent by weight of a high solids acrylic polymer characterized by having at least 70 percent by weight solids, between 10 percent and 20 percent of a tackifying resin for increasing initial adherence of the adhesive to the flooring, between 40 percent and 60 percent filler, between 0.25 and 2 percent of a gas, wherein the total amount of solids is no less than 80 percent by weight. The gas may be the decomposition product of hydrogen peroxide introduced into the adhesive during mixing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making an organo-soluble (meth)acrylic resin composition which consists in: esterifying the COOH functions of a polymer comprising units derived from methacrylic acid, in a solvent medium, with Ti(OR)4, R representing one among ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl and t-amyl. The invention is characterised in that the esterification is carried out in the presence of at least a R′COOH monocarboxylic acid, R′ representing a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C18 alkyl radical; aryl; alkaryl; or aralkyl, by stopping esterification before a gel is formed, when the COOH resin and R′COOH functions have been added with a molar ratio Ti(OR)4/—COOH functions of the resin ranges between 1 and 3, and a molar ratio R′COOH/Ti(OR)4 ranges between 1 and 6.

Abstract: An adhesive composition includes a polymerizable adhesive monomer, at least one vapor phase stabilizer, and at least one liquid phase stabilizer. The combination of at least one vapor phase stabilizer and at least one liquid phase stabilizer provides superior stabilization and shelf-life for the monomer composition. The stabilized adhesive composition provides superior performance and shelf-life and can be sterilized without significant polymerization of the monomer.

Abstract: A sealing material comprising (A) an organopolysiloxane containing at least two alkenyl groups in a molecule, (B) a resinous copolymer composed mainly of R3SiO1/2 and SiO2 units in a molar ratio of 0.5-1.5:1, wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and containing 5×10−3 to 1×10−4 mol/g of vinyl groups, (C) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing at least two Si—H groups in a molecule, (D) fumed silica having a specific surface area of 150-400 m2/g, and (E) an addition reaction catalyst is suited for sealing one side edge of a polymer electrolyte fuel-cell separator since it has excellent acid resistance and improved compression set in acidic solutions, and exerts satisfactory seal effects.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a resin for use in an antifouling coating which is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer(s) and having, at side chain terminals thereof, a trisubstituted borane-amine complex and an azomethine group, or a group represented by the following general formula (1): (wherein M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt, - - - means a chemically bound state, W represents —N(R1)R2— (in which R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms), —OCO—, —OSO2— or L represents an alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Abstract: Substituted 1,4,2-oxathiazines and their mono- and di-oxides, disclosed in WO-A-9505739, are used as additive to increase the self-polishing properties of antifouling paints. The additive is used in an amount of 0.5 to 9.9 wt. %, based on the total weight of the dry mass of the composition, preferably 1 to 8 wt. %, most preferably 2 to 4 wt. %. The preferred additive is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine dioxide.

Abstract: A polyester resin for an antifouling paint which contains a structural unit of the formula (I) wherein R1 is H or alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 is H or methyl and n is an integer of 0-4, in a proportion of not less than 90 mol % and a metal in the main chain at a concentration of 10-300 eq/106 g, and which has an acid value of 20-1000 eq/106 g. A combined use of the polyester resin with a natural antifouling agent affords a paint with extremely less burden on the marine environment.

Abstract: An adhesive for batteries a solution of which has improved wetting properties, which affords improved adhesive strength and prevents deterioration of battery performance, and which can provide secondary batteries having an arbitrary shape, such as a thin shape, with high reliability and high charge and discharge efficiency, and a battery using the same are disclosed. An adhesive comprising a thermoplastic resin, a solvent capable of dissolving the thermoplastic resin, and a neutral and aprotic surface active agent is used as an adhesive for batteries for adhering an active material layer joined to a current collector to a separator, whereby a secondary battery which can take an arbitrary shape, such as a thin shape, with high reliability and high charge and discharge efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to an article comprising a bio-supportive media which bio-degrades at a preferred rate, comprising at least one bio-limiting agent and at least one nutritional source on a substrate. The media may be characterized as a polymer, composite, or amalgam of commonly used materials. The invention relates to altering the physical/chemical composition of the media such that biodegradation can occur at a specific, usually accelerated, preferred rate. Further, the biodegradation rate may be managed and balanced concurrently with the ability to provide for the exposure of integral component(s) which are bio-active. This relationship essentially provides for a managed release or managed availability of agent(s) which creates a new set of ecological conditions.

Abstract: The present invention related to self-polishing marine antifouling paint compositions comprising rosin or rosin equivalent(s), optionally fibres, and one or more polymeric flexibilizer component(s). The rosin part of the paint preferably comprises ammonium or metal salts of rosin and/or rosin qualities having a low content of conjugated double bonds, i.e. a low degree of unsaturation. The non-crystalline flexibilizer components have a glass transition temperature, Tg, in the range of −45 to 25° C. and are preferably selected from poly(meth)acrylates, polyacrylamides, copolymer and terpolymers thereof, acrylamide resins, acrylic acrylamide resins, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, polyester, polyoxy-C1-5-alkylenes, polyurethanes, and epoxy esters. The fibres are preferably natural or synthetic inorganic or organic fibres or metal fibres. The paints have improved mechanical properties such as strength and resistance towards weathering.

Abstract: An easily shaped evacuated porous stonelike body is impregnated in a consistent manner with a fluid polymer forming composition or molten polymer composition and solidified to form a polymeric matrix stone product bearing a striking resemblance to a natural rock in texture, structure, and formation exhibited throughout any substantial cross section. The polymeric composition is decoratively enhanced by the labyrinthic skeletal framework of the porous body and the skeletal framework is structurally enhanced by the polymeric composition. The method of forming the product closely duplicates the natural formation of most of the rocks exposed at the surface of the earth. Therefore, a wide range of stonelike textures are now available in a dimensional stock product of pre-determined size and shape. A wide range of chemical and physical properties are also possible depending upon the specific combination of porous bodies and solidified polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A method and composition for waterproofing a substrate includes applying a coating composition to a surface of the structural unit. The coating composition includes a) an organic solvent, b) a hydrocarbon resin and c) a copolymer having styrene and diene monomer units, a polymer having olefin monomer units, or a copolymer having styrene and olefin monomer units, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition which makes it possible to control the dissolution rate of a coating film and which can exert antifouling properties for a long period of time. An antifouling coating composition comprising an antifouling resin (A) obtained by reacting a base resin including, in one molecule, a carboxyl group and a group having a polyalkylene glycol structure with an oxide or a hydroxide of a divalent or more metallic atom in the presence of water in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight of the solid content of the base resin, and an antifouling agent (B).

Abstract: A novel thermally reworkable die attach adhesive composition for attaching a semiconductor device to a substrate is provided. The composition comprises(a) a thermally reworkable crosslinked resin produced by reacting at least one dienophile having a functionality greater than one and at least one 2,5-dialkyl substituted furan-containing polymer, and(b) at least one thermally and/or electrically conductive material present in an effective amount up to about 90% by weight of the die attach composition to provide a conducting medium.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition includes (A) antifouling agent, (B) film forming copolymer of 1000 to 50,000 in number average molecular weight, and structural units derived from a trialkylsilyl ester of polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid in an amount of 20 to 65% by weight, and (C) chlorinated paraffin. The composition may also contain one or more of (D) (meth)acrylic ester polymer of 1000 to 100,000 in number average molecular weight; (E) inorganic dehydrating agent, (F) flake pigment, (G) zinc flower. In other embodiments the composition includes above components (A), (B) and (D) wherein (B):(D)=100:10 to 500. Coating films formed from the above antifouling coating compositions, such as on a hull or an underwater structure, are excellent in cracking resistance, resistance to peeling from ship bottom materials and primer layers, antifouling properties and consumability (self-polishing properties). Further, these antifouling coating compositions are excellent in storage stability.

Abstract: The present application to an underwater curable coating composition which is used for protecting or imparting an aesthetic appearance to various structures. An underwater curable coating composition consisting essentially of an epoxy resin component and its curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin component is a mixture comprising a liquid hydrophobic epoxy resin and a self-emulsifiable liquid epoxy resin. The curing agent is composed partly or solely of a ketimine.

Abstract: Sealant compositions comprising a latex polymer and an epoxysilane of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a difunctional alkyl bridge with 2 to 6 carbon atoms,each R.sup.2 group is the same or different and each is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl or aryl group, or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy groupeach R.sup.3 group is the same or different and each is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkyl group,n is 2 or 1,R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are each hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group,R.sup.7 is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms, or aralkyl, or an aryl group having six to ten carbon atoms, andc has a value of zero or one;wherein the epoxysilane is added to the polymer neat or as a non-aqueous solution.

Abstract: Aquatic organism repellent agents are derived from algae, sponges, tunicates, bryozoans, echinoderms and coelenterates and prevent the attachment and accumulation of microscopic and macroscopic organisms to surfaces in aquatic environments. One or more of the agents may be incorporated into a carrier for release of the agent in the locus to be protected.

Abstract: As vehicle resin for antifouling paints, a vinyl polymer having a plurality of primary amine-bound pendant groups formed by the dehydration-condensation reaction of carbonyl group with the primary amine is used. The film of an antifouling paint containing this vehicle resin gradually release a primary amine exhibiting antifouling activity upon hydrolysis with sea water, while the film gradually dissolves from the surface.

Abstract: An underwater anti-fouling agent contains as an effective component a hexacyano compound, preferably a hexacyanoferrate. The anti-fouling agent is useful for the preparation of an anti-fouling paint.

Abstract: This organosoluble (meth)acrylic resin composition is characterized in that it includes a polymer containing units derived from methacrylic acid which are esterified with --Ti(OR).sub.3 groups, mixed with free Ti(OR).sub.4, which represents the excess of Ti(OR).sub.4 which has been introduced for the preparation of the said polymer in sufficient quantity for the resulting composition to be organosoluble and not in gel form, R representing one of ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl and t-amyl. It may be the product of esterification in a solvent medium of a polymer containing units derived from methacrylic acid with Ti(OR).sub.4, the Ti/COOH molar ratio being higher than 1, preferably being between 3/1 and 10/1; or the product of radical copolymerization in a solvent medium of at least one methacrylic acid esterified with Ti(OR).sub.3 and of at least one comonomer, in the presence of Ti(OR).sub.4, in a quantity which would have corresponded to a reaction between the methacrylic acid and Ti(OR).

Abstract: As a vehicle resin used for self-polishing antifouling paints, a vinyl polymer having a plurality of primary amino groups in the form of Schiff base in the molecule is used. The films of an antifouling paint containing this vehicle resin gradually release an aldehyde exhibiting antifouling activity from the Schiff base group upon hydrolysis with sea water, while the film gradually dissolves from the surface.

Abstract: A novel thermally reworkable die attach adhesive composition for attaching a semiconductor device to a substrate is provided. The composition comprises(a) a thermally reworkable crosslinked resin produced by reacting at least one dienophile having a functionality greater than one and at least one 2,5-dialkyl substituted furan-containing polymer, and(b) at least one thermally and/or electrically conductive material present in an effective amount up to about 90% by weight of the die attach composition to provide a conducting medium.

Abstract: This invention involves a novel paint formulation comprising a phosphate or metal sulfide heavy metal reactive compound, a binder, a solubilizing compound and a buffer which acts as a carrier for heavy metal reactive chemicals so that when this novel paint is applied to a heavy metal painted surface and both are subsequently removed, the heavy metal paint waste is rendered non-hazardous under the TCLP test.

Abstract: The invention relates to binders for antifouling coating compositions, which can be prepared by copolymerizing polymerizable monomers, wherein, as polymerizable monomers, mixtures ofA) at least one of the compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## and B) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound having the general formula II ##STR2## with or without C) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound are polymerized.

Abstract: A coating composition characterized in that it contains a compound obtained by reacting an amino resin with an organic polyphosphonic acid.

Abstract: A dampproofing composition comprising from about 25 to about 80 parts by weight of a polymer based component, from about 15 to about 70 parts by weight of a solvent, and from about 5 to about 60 parts by weight of a processing oil, to total about 100 parts by weight, wherein the solvent produces a substantially homogeneous solution.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a rosin compound, a polymer containing organosilyl ester groups, and an antifoulant as essential components is disclosed. This rosin-based coating composition gives a coating film which forms no residue layer on the surface thereof over long-term immersion, is hence free from physical defects such as cracks and peeling and capable of maintaining a sufficiently high rate of film erosion and preventing the attachment of marine organisms over a long period of time has satisfactory suitability for recoating, and has the satisfactory ability to prevent marine-organism attachment over the out-fitting period.

Abstract: A hydrolyzable self-polishing coating composition for use in preventing attachment of organisms to the surface of structures submerged in seawater, which comprises an anifoulant and a copolymer of an organosilyl group-containing monomer and a hemiacetal ester group-containing monomer.

Abstract: A single package adhesive for tooth bonding applications which comprises a bulk-water-free solvent-based homogeneous liquid containing:1) An ethylenically unsaturated monomer that possesses a hygroscopic functional group that (a) is capable of chemically reacting with and through the ethylenic bond of the ethylenically unsaturated-functional monomer of 2) below, and (b) provides the capacity for chemical bonding to the surface to which the adhesive is applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to anti-fouling self-polishable paints intended to be pplied on an object at least partially submersed, notably on surface ships or submarine hulls, and containing standard constituents of the paints such as organic solvents, coloring pigment, wetting agents, dispersing agents or neutralizing agents.These paints are characterized in that they comprise:mass 5 to 60% of at least two polymers or copolymers (I) of the alkyl polyacrylates or alkyl polymethacrylate family comprising carboxylic functions, having molecular weights ranging from 15,000 to 100,000 g.mol.sup.-1, each polymer having a very different acid index,mass 0.1 to 50% of at least one polyaminated compound (II) reacting to polymers (I),mass 0.1 to 60% of at least one organometallic compound derived from zinc, iron, manganese or cobalt, with a biocide character (III).mass 0 to 30% of powdered hydrophobe polymers (IV).

Abstract: Aquatic organism repellent agents are derived from algae, sponges, tunicates, bryozoans, echinoderms and coelenterates and prevent the attachment and accumulation of microscopic and macroscopic organisms to surfaces in aquatic environments. One or more of the agents may be incorporated into a carrier for release of the agent in the locus to be protected.

Abstract: A non-ablating, non-toxic coating composition and method for protecting underwater surfaces and surfaces subject to excessive exposure to water and elements is disclosed that is surprisingly easy to clean. The coating composition is prepared from a polyol and an isocyanate and preferably has a VOC content of less than 2 grams per liter. An underwater surface, or other surface subject to excessive exposure to water and elements, is protected by coating said surface with said coating composition to form a smooth, sleek, non-ablating, non-toxic coating on said surface.

Abstract: A biocompatible hydrogel adhesive which is prepared from a precursor containing acrylic acid and an alcoholamine and is adhesive under both wet and dry conditions. The use of diisopropanolamine provides these unexpected and unique wet tack properties and permits adhesion to wet tissue. Additionally, the use of a polyol which contains hydroxyl groups, such as glycerine, and a diamine, such as 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, is found to provide a hydrogel having wet adhesive properties and longer shelf life. The hydrogel adhesive can be used as an attachment means in conjunction with a biomedical detection or monitoring means. The adhesive may be used to attach a sensor on the skin of an intrautero fetus and to monitor the well being of the fetus during labor and delivery. The hydrogel having wet adhesive properties permits the attachment of a sensor or sensors onto wet tissue. The biocompatible adhesive is used to attach a fetal probe securely to a fetus.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting growth of fouling organisms on structures in contact with water, which entails contacting said structure in contact with water with an effective amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, or a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or lower alkyl or both; each X.sup.1 being a halogen atom; n being an integer of 1-5; when n is two or more; each X.sup.1 is the same or different; and Y.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a group-Z--Y.sup.2, wherein Z is carbonyl or sulfonyl; and Y.sup.2 is unsubstituted aryl or aryl substituted by a lower alkyl group, or salts thereof.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (A) a polymer obtained by polymerizing (a1) one or more unsaturated acid anhydrides or unsaturated carboxylic acids and (a2) one or more other unsaturated monomers copolmerizable therewith, and (B) at least one compound selected from one or both of (b1) a compound group comprising amino-acids, compounds having one or more carboxyl groups in the molecule, compounds having both hydrophobic group and hydrophilic group in the molecule, chelate compounds, hydroxyl- or acetyl-substituted carboxylic acid esters, ion-exchangeable layer clay minerals and powers of inorganic materials which have been made lipophilic with an organic material, and (b2) a group of compound which is crystallizable and selected from polyether compounds, polyester compounds, polyether-polyester compounds, olefinic glycol compounds, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and polycarbonate compounds, is useful for preparing an antifouling coating composition by mixing with a copper compound.