Abstract: Aqueous primary dispersion, substantially or completely devoid of volatile organic substances, method for the production thereof and use of the same Aqueous primary dispersion, substantially or entirely free of volatile organic compounds, and comprising dispersed and/or emulsified, solid and/or liquid polymer particles and/or dispersed solid core/shell particles with a particle diameter ≦500 nm, preparable by free-radical micro- or miniemulsion polymerization of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer in the presence of at least one hydrophobic additive and of at least one oligomeric polyester with a number-average molecular weight of from 150 to 1 500 daltons, a hydroxyl number of from 100 to 1 000 mg KOH/g, and an acid number <20 mg KOH/g and also a process for preparing it and its use as a coating material, adhesive or sealing compound or to prepare a coating material, an adhesive or a sealing compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of copolymers consisting essentially of a1) 1 to 50% by weight of the repeat structural unit of the formula (1):  where n is an integer from 2 to 9 or a2) 1 to 50% by weight of a mixture of the repeat structural unit of the formula (1) and of the repeat structural unit of the formula (2):  where R, R1 and R2 may be identical or different and are hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having in each case 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and b) 49.99 to 98.99% by weight of the repeat structural unit of the formula (3):  in which R3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, Z is (C1-C8)-alkylene and X is an ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion and c) 0.01 to 8% by weight of crosslinking structures which originate from monomers having at least two olefinic double bonds, as thickeners in preparations comprising organic solvents.

Abstract: A method of producing a paraffin wax for aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE which allows high speed aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE with excellent polymerization behavior such as excellent dispersion stability and consistent production of PTFE having excellent physical properties, and a method of producing PTFE using the paraffin wax. Aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as TFE) is conducted in the presence of a paraffin wax, a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier at least once and then the paraffin wax is recovered. The recovered paraffin wax is used for aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier.

Abstract: A synthetic latex is prepared by charging a portion of water and a monomer as raw materials in a reactor in a ratio of monomer/water, at which a maximum ultimate pressure in said reactor that is attained if an initial composition in said reactor before the initiation of the polymerization is polymerized from a polymerization initiation temperature in an insulated state, is within a practical proof pressure of said reactor; initiating the polymerization; adding dropwise the remainder of said water and said monomer during the polymerization, continuously or intermittently, and performing the emulsion polymerization. As a result, the emulsion polymerization can be stably performed while controlling the temperature and pressure in said reactor in a runaway reaction in all processes of the method of preparing the synthetic latex, thus making it possible to improve the productivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new polyamide oligomers. These oligomers can be conjugated to lipids, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, etc. The oligomer-lipid conjugates can be used to form liposomes, virusomes, micelles, etc., optionally containing drugs or biological agents. The polyamide oligomers are heterobifunctional allowing the attachment of other suitable ligand compounds (e.g., a targeting moiety). In addition, methods of use for the liposomes, virusomes, micelles, etc., are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the utilization of aqueous polymer dispersions or of polymer powders which can be redispersed in water and which are based on protective colloid-stabilized aromatic vinyl-1,3-diene-copolymers in adhesive formulations used in the building industry, whereby the polymer dispersion and the polymer powders are produced by emulsion polymerization of a mixture containing at least one aromatic vinyl and at least one 1,3-diene in the presence of one or more protective colloids, without using an emulsifier, and by optionally drying of the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polycarbonate-ABS moulding compositions provided with phosphonate amines, which moulding compositions exhibit excellent flame protection and very good processing properties, such as improved flow properties, improved modulus of elasticity and reduced formation of a coating on the tool, the graft polymer being prepared by means of mass, solution or mass-suspension polymerization processes.

Abstract: A radiation curable monomer and a dystuff are mixed in a curable formulation and fed into a hot evaporator under vacuum. The blend is flash evaporated through a nozzle and recondensed onto a moving substrate in contact with a temperature-controlled rotating drum. The condensed film is then crosslinked with a high-energy ultraviolet or electron-beam radiation source to effect cross-linking of the monomer. The resulting product consists of a crosslinked polymer matrix incorporating dyestuff molecules within its structure, which dramatically enhances the durability, solvent resistance, heat stability and migration fastness of the product. These properties can be further improved by chemically bonding the dyestuff molecules with the crosslinked polymer network, which can be accomplished by judiciously functionalizing the dyestuff with appropriate functional groups designed to polymerize or to react with the curable monomer.

Abstract: Coating and ink compositions based on organic solvents that have negligible photochemical reactivity and methods for making them are disclosed. The organic solvents have calculated oxidation rate constants of less than about 1×1010 cm3/g·sec, and evaporation rates of not more than about 5 times that of n-butyl acetate. Coatings made by the method of the invention are used for wood, furniture, automotive, container, architectural, coil, aerosol, marine, transportation, industrial, ink, overprint varnish, and road-coating applications.

Abstract: A method of producing a paraffin wax for aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE which allows high speed aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE with excellent polymerization behavior such as excellent dispersion stability and consistent production of PTFE having excellent physical properties, and a method of producing PTFE using the paraffin wax. Aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as TFE) is conducted in the presence of a paraffin wax, a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier at least once and then the paraffin wax is recovered. The recovered paraffin wax is used for aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer particle having a wax phase and a second phase. The wax phase includes a wax having a melting point of greater than 30° C. and comprising greater than 80% by weight of the wax phase. The second phase, free of ionic charge groups, includes a mono-alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of ionic charge groups capable of addition polymerization to form a water soluble homopolymer including from 1 to 40% by weight of the second phase and a mono-alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer capable of addition polymerization to form a water insoluble homopolymer.

Abstract: A new phosphazene-based polyester macro-molecule is provided, as is a method for producing the macro-molecule.

Abstract: In a silicone rubber composition comprising an organopolysiloxane as a base polymer, 0.1-50 parts by weight of a modified silicone fluid having a melting point of up to 100° C. and a refractive index difference of 0.01-0.05 from the base polymer is blended per 100 parts by weight of the composition. The composition is cast and cured to form a mother mold which maintains parting properties over a long term.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a powder lacquer composition based on polyester by a) common or separate heating to a temperature of 120-200° C. of A) 99-40 wt. % polyester precondensates, and/or of monomers usable for the preparation thereof, B) 1-60 wt. % pigments and C) 0-10 wt. % wetting additives and/or further additives which are conventionally used for lacquers, wherein the percentages by weight total 100%, b) homogeneous mixing of the components A), B) and C) with the application of shear forces and with the heating temperature maintained, c) dispersion of the mixture obtained in a dispersing medium at a temperature equal to or above the melting temperature of the starting components A), B) and C) with further polycondensation of the polyester precondensate A), and/or of the monomers, d) cooling of the dispersion and addition of a conventional cross-linking agent for the polyester and optionally of conventional additives, within the temperature range 60 to 140° C.

Abstract: A polymerizable monophosphate ester dispersant, a highly-filled nonaqueous suspension containing the polymerizable monophosphate ester dispersant, and a method for forming cured articles by copolymerization of the resin matrix and dispersant in the suspension. Inclusion of the dispersant in a suspension of resin and solid particulate material enables an increase in the solid loading, which results in reduced shrinkage, a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and generally improved physical properties in an article cured therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing a polyester from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, which comprises polycondensing the dicarboxylic acid and the diol under the presence of a distannoxane catalyst. Also, the present invention is a process for producing a polyester which comprises melt polycondensing the dicarboxylic acid and the diol under normal pressure in the presence of the distannoxane catalyst, wherein an organic solvent which dose not dissolved any of the dicarboxylic acid, the diol and the polyester produced from the dicarboxylic acid the diol is present and, whereby, two phases are mainly present.

Abstract: An organopolysiloxane, a hydrolyzable group-bearing methylpolysiloxane, a thermal conductive filler, and a curing agent are blended to form a silicone rubber composition which is minimized in viscosity or plasticity increase and remains effectively moldable and workable even when loaded with a large amount of the thermal conductive filler. It cures into a silicone rubber part having a high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a coating composition for building use, which contains a base polyamide resin coating and charcoal powder. The base polyamide resin coating contains a copolymeric nyron and a solvent therefor.

Abstract: The invention relates to homogeneously colored polyester particles having a mean particle size <50 &mgr;m and a monomodal particle size distribution with a span (=d90−d10/d50)≦2.5, which can be melted at temperatures <200° C. to form a continuous coating, to a process for their preparation and to their use for powder coatings. In a preferred embodiment the particles comprise units of formulae (1) and (2) —CO—X—CO  (1) —O—D—O—  (2) where X is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C14 aromatic radical or an alkylene, polymethylene, cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanediyl group and D is an alkylene, polymethylene, cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanediyl group.

Abstract: A method and material for forming translucent wear resistant dental enamel and the dental enamel material formed which has an opacity less than 50 percent and a localized wear volume loss of less than 0.025 mm3. The dental enamel material is formed from a polymerizable matrix and a filler. The material for forming translucent wear resistant dental enamel having an opacity less than 50 percent, a localized wear volume loss of less than 0.025 mm3 and a localized extended wear volume loss of less than 0.04 mm3, comprises a polymerizable matrix forming liquid and inorganic filler particles. The liquid comprises polymerizable material having a first refractive index. The filler comprising a first plurality of particles having a second refractive index. The first plurality of particles being formed from a low and a high median particle size plurality of particles. The low median particle size plurality of particles having a median particle size between 0.1 and 1.0 micrometers.

Abstract: The present invention is a polymer particle which includes a wax phase containing a wax having a melting point of greater than 30° C. and a polymer phase. The wax in the wax phase contains greater than 80% by weight of the wax phase. The polymer phase is composed of a mono-alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of ionic charge groups capable of addition polymerization to form a water soluble homopolymer and a mono-alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer capable of addition polymerization to form a water insoluble homopolymer. The mono-alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of ionic charge groups capable of addition polymerization to form a water soluble homopolymer constitutes from 1 to 40% by weight of the polymer phase.

Abstract: Polymerisable resins which comprise a porphyrinogenic ring system obtained by the reaction of: (a) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrrole and N-(lower)alkyl pyrroles, any of which may be optionally substituted, and (b) a C4-C6 saturated alicyclic ketone which is capable of reacting with the 2 or 5 position of the pyrrole ring. Resin coating systems comprising the said resins.

Abstract: For example, a blended composition is produced first by letting a monomer composition, mainly composed of alkyl (meth)acrylate and including a compound having a plurality of polymeric groups within a molecule, contain microscopic particles, such as carbon black, having an average primary particle size in a range between 1 nm and 200 nm, and then the blended composition is polymerized. Consequently, it has become possible to produce inexpensive crosslinked elastomer having excellent physical properties, such as small creep (low creep) in compression set, tensile elongation set, etc., and excellent mechanical strength, such as tensile break strength and tensile break elongation, in a simple procedure omitting the post-crosslinking step at a high-level productivity while saving energy and time spent in the kneading step.

Abstract: A polymer is obtained by removing the medium from a polymer dispersion or polymer solution containing at least one polymeric phase and at least one stabilizer suitable to protect against the damaging effect of light, heat and/or oxidation.

Abstract: Pigment composition obtainable by(a) mixing a latent pigment with a polymerizable substance, and(b) treating the mixture of step (a) with heat while mixing the reaction mixture, and(c) cooling the treated reaction mixture to room temperature, and, if desired, working up the obtained pigment composition, a process for its preparations, its use and compositions comprising it.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an expandable polymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer and a polar water adsorbing monomer. The monomers are partially polymerized and then suspended in water so that the resulting beads contain from 3 to 40 weight % water which act as the sole or a predominant blowing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to energy absorbing elastomers having a resilience of no more than 20.0% according to ASTM D2632-92. The energy absorbing elastomers are hydrophobic in nature and have extended gel times thus making them suitable for high volume applications such as coating a large substrate or filling a large void between two substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the production of reinforced thermoplastic and thermoadhesive polymers, used to make shaped reinforcing pieces for footwear in general, including sports shoes, these reinforced condensation polymers resulting from the polymerization of monomers such as lactones--specifically epsilon caprolactone, and condensable systems of two components, specifically polyisocyanates, polyols or polyolpolyesters--in the presence of reinforcing materials and, optionally, filling materials. The reinforced thermoplastic and thermoadhesive polymers are obtained in the form of sheets, from which the units or pieces are cut to a specified pattern, for example for the toecap, the heel piece or the inner sole.

Abstract: Compositions of precipitated anionic polymers containing mixtures of certain salts as well as processes for making and using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Water soluable, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing dispersed polymers are produced by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated soluble monomers in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate. The polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing the dispersed polymers are useful for paper making, water clarification and emulsion breaking.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of pigments comprising a colored composition incorporated in a polycondensation resin, wherein the reactants for the formation of the polycondensation resin and the colored composition are introduced continuously into an extruder, preferably at a temperature of between 100.degree. C. and 280.degree. C., the mixture is caused to travel forward in the extruder, at the end of reaction the mixture is withdrawn continuously from the extruder, and is deposited continuously onto a conveyor belt, broken up into thermoset flakes, and cooled, the conveyor belt having means for cooling and means for detaching the flakes from the belt. The process is particularly suitable for the preparation of fluorescence pigments. Also disclosed are compositions comprising diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole colorants and certain polyester or polyamide resins as well as a process for the preparation of the compositions.

Abstract: A linear polyester is made by a process reacting polyols comprising at least two primary alcohol groups and at least one secondary alcohol or amino group and a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid ester in the presence of an effective amount of a lipase derived from Candida cylindracea, Candida lipolytica, Candida rugosa, Candida antarctica, Candida utilis, Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotrichum viscosum, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor javanicus, Mucor miehei, Porcine pancreas, Pseudomonas species, specifically Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas pseudoalkaligenes, Pseudomonas alkaligenes, Thermomyces species, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizopus niveus, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus javanicus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roquefortii, Penicillium camembertii or an esterase derived from Bacillus species, specifically Bacillus thermoglucosidasius; Mucor miehei, Horse liver, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pigs liver or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Extrusion rheology of thermoplastic polymer as manifested by surface smoothness is improved by incorporating foam cell nucleating agents into the polymer and extruding the polymer under laminar flow to form unfoamed extrudate.

Abstract: There are provided a heat-aging-resistant polyamide resin composition comprising (C) a polyamide containing 10 to 100% by weight of (A) a polyamide obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing 70 mole % or more of m-xylylenediamine as a diamine component and a monomer containing 70 mole % or more of adipic acid as a dicarboxylic acid component and 90 to 0% by weight of (B) other polyamide, (D) a copper compound in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), (E) a halide of a Group 1 or Group 2 metal of the Periodic Table of the Elements, an ammonium halide, or an organohalide in an amount of 0.005 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), at least one selected from among (F) hindered phenols and (G) hindered amines with the amount of each of the hindered phenols (F) and the hindered amines (G) being 0.05 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), and (H) an organophosphorus compound in an amount of 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preparation process of aliphatic polyester, comprising using an ion exchange resin as a drying agent and after the dehydration polycondensation reaction, regenerating and drying the used ion exchange resin and repeatedly using said ion exchange resin in the next dehydration polycondensation reaction, in a process for preparing aliphatic polyester from one or more aliphatic compound (A) by heating in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst, distilling a generated water containing organic solvent out of the reaction system, treating the distilled organic solvent with a drying agent, and returning the treated solvent to the reaction system to progress a dehydration polycondensation reaction. The process of the invention enables one to steadily and efficiently prepare in industry an aliphatic polyester having an excellent color tone, high molecular weight and high quality.

Abstract: A composition including polyalphaolefins that function as drag reducing agents and a process for the preparation of polyalphaolefins that function as drag reducing agents are disclosed. The process includes contacting alphaolefin monomers with catalyst particles in a polymerization mixture that includes a hydrocarbon solvent. The polymerization of the alphaolefin monomers produces polyalphaolefin drag reducing agents having an inherent viscosity of at least 10 dL/g. During polymerization of the polyalphaolcfin monomers, localized micelles compromising high molecular weight polyalphaolefin polymer are formed in micellar zones around the catalyst particles. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a viscosity reducing agent that includes a substantially hydrophobic dispersant. The viscosity reducing agent is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the reaction mixture and disperse the localized micelles.

Abstract: A significantly improved plasticizer-polymer composition embraces a polymer containing a di-, tri- and/or tetra-ethyl-, propyl- and/or butylbiphenyl plasticizer which constitutes the major proportion by weight of any other plasticizing/softening additive, provided that the polymer is not polyvinyl chloride and when the polymer is an elastomer or rubber, or is a polystyrene, said plasticizer is diisopropylbiphenyl and/or triisopropylbiphenyl, and when the polymer is of a plastisol, essentially no ester plasticizing additive is present. As well, a polymer fabrication composition comprises a monomer and/or oligomer component in combination with said plasticizer. A method for preparing the plasticizer-polymer composition and/or the fabrication composition comprises contacting the monomer and/or oligomer component with said plasticizer, mixing to provide a uniform mixture, and carrying out further processing as may be desired so as to optionally prepare the plasticized-polymer composition.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing an acrylic copolymer latex having improved mechanical and shear stability comprising emulsion polymerizing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having up to 23 carbons in the presence of, by weight based on the total monomer content, a) from about 0.05% to about 5.0% of a protective colloid with a molecular weight of less than 75,000, and b) from about 0.01% to about 1.5% of at least one water soluble free radical polymerization initiator. This latex provides coating manufacturers the flexibility of either eliminating surfactants altogether from coating or to use small amounts thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer emulsions contain dispersants based on natural lecithins.

Abstract: A process for the production of biodegradable aliphatic polyester particles by (co)polymerizing 2-oxetanone or a mixture containing at least 80% by weight of 2-oxetanone and up to 20% by weight of a cyclic ester or cyclic ether other than 2-oxetanone in the presence of a polymerization initiator supported on a carrier in which an ion polymerization initiator is supported on poly(2-oxetanone) in a liquid medium having a solubility parameter of about 15 to about 18 MPa.sup.1/2 and being capable of dissolving 2-oxetanone, and in a polymerizing apparatus having an internal surface formed of a material which is free of polarity or whose polarity is very small, to form a particulate aliphatic polyester; and a biodegradable aliphatic polyester melt-extrusion film, which comprises the biodegradable aliphatic polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 2,000,000, and having a water vapor transmission rate of 300 to 700 g/m.sup.2 .multidot.24 hours.multidot.25 .mu.

Abstract: Formed products such as foams, fabrics for industrial materials, filaments, nonwoven fabrics, composite materials and films which are degradable after use with ease in the natural environment are prepared by using a high molecular weight aliphatic polyester obtained by direct polycondensation of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with aliphatic polybasic acid or additionally hydroxycarboxylic acid or oligomers of these materials in a reaction mixture containing a solvent.

Abstract: Organic ophthalmic articles are photochromic and have high indices of refraction.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copolymer latex comprising emulsion polymerizing an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer and other monomer copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon having one unsaturated bond in a ring, in which, preferably a monomer mixture which does not contain the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer is added after the addition of a monomer mixture containing the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, or a part of a chain transfer agent is added after the addition of the monomers. This copolymer latex is useful as an adhesive composition, a paper coating composition, an adhesive composition for back-sizing carpets, an adhesive composition for rock fiber materials, a paper coating composition for gravure printing, and a color developing composition for a pressure sensitive copying paper.

Abstract: A significantly improved plasticizer-polymer composition embraces a polymer containing a di-, tri- and/or tetra- ethyl-, propyl- and/or butylbiphenyl plasticizer which constitutes the major proportion by weight of any other plasticizing/softening additive, provided that the polymer is not polyvinyl chloride and when the polymer is an elastomer or rubber, or is a polystyrene, said plasticizer is diisopropylbiphenyl and/or triisopropylbiphenyl, and when the polymer is of a plastisol, essentially no ester plasticizing additive is present. As well, a polymer fabrication composition comprises a monomer and/or oligomer component in combination with said plasticizer. A method for preparing the plasticizer-polymer composition and/or the fabrication composition comprises contacting the monomer and/or oligomer component with said plasticizer, mixing to provide a uniform mixture, and carrying out further processing as may be desired so as to optionally prepare the plasticized-polymer composition.

Abstract: Extrusion theology of thermoplastic polymer as manifested by surface smoothness is improved by incorporating foam cell nucleating agents into the polymer and extruding the polymer under laminar flow to form unfoamed extrudate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefin polymers by polymerization using a transition metal catalyst with the addition of an aminoalkyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diylphosphite or aminoalkyl-2,2'-alkylidene-bis(phenyl)phosphite, in conjunction with optional further modifiers. The polymers obtainable in this manner have excellent long-term stability.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copolymer latex comprising emulsion polymerizing an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer and other monomer copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon having one unsaturated bond in a ring, in which, preferably a monomer mixture which does not contain the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer is added after the addition of a monomer mixture containing the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, or a part of a chain transfer agent is added after the addition of the monomers. This copolymer latex is useful as an adhesive composition, a paper coating composition, an adhesive composition for back-sizing carpets, an adhesive composition for rock fiber materials, a paper coating composition for gravure printing, and a color developing composition for a pressure sensitive copying paper.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH .ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: The yield of fully substituted, multidimensional aromatic hubs in the condensation of hydroxyl and acid halide functionalities is improved by adding a thallium catalyst, such as thallium ethoxide (T1-OC.sub.2 H.sub.5), in the solvent.

Abstract: A polymer concrete pipe liner is formed from a fluidized, but substantially waterless cement containing mixture applied to the pipe interior. The mixture contains inorganic cement particles, a liquid styrene mixture and one or more poly-olefinically unsaturated co-monomers in a greater amount than the styrene. The mixture substantially excludes acrylonitrile and acrylamide. The co-monomers are preferably selected from a group including trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane-methacrylate, divinyl benzene, and hexadiene. Mixing liquid and solid aggregate components forms a slurry which is transferred to a pipe interior and centrifugally cast to form the liner. The composition avoids the need for high temperature curing the toxic reactive unsaturates to co-polymerize and cross-link polystyrene.