Abstract: A non-aqueous, heterogeneous polymerization process comprises heating a reaction mixture of about 5-70%, preferably 10-50%, by weight, of a vinyl amide monomer in an oil as solvent, and a water-soluble cosolvent, and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or a surfactant, wherein the oil solvent is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant polymer in a stirrable state throughout the polymerization. The polymer reaction product is capable of forming a uniform emulsion or gel upon addition of water thereto.

Abstract: Emulsifiable ethylene polymers comprising copolymers of from 90 to 95% by weight of ethylene, from 4 to 10% by weight of one or more C3-C12 alkenecarboxylic acids, and from 0 to 1.2% by weight of one or more tertiary esters of the corresponding C3-C12 alkenecarboxylic acids, where the wax has a cinematic melt viscosity of from 800 to 3000 mm2/s, measured at 120° C.; and a process for preparing the novel emulsifiable ethylene polymers, emulsions comprising the novel ethylene polymers, a process for preparing the emulsions from the novel ethylene polymers, and also floor cleaners, car cleaners, leather cleaners and stone cleaners, and coatings for surfaces made from wood, metal, paper, glass or from plastics, comprising aqueous emulsions of the novel emulsifable waxes.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkoxysilacycloalkanes, to the process of their preparation and to their use in the polymerization of olefins. The introduction of these alkoxysilacycloalkanes into the olefin polymerization environment makes it possible to raise the heptane-insolubles content of the polymer finally formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides functionalized electrophiles, their analogous initiators, and processes for preparing these compounds. The present invention also relates to homotelechelic, heterotelechelic, and radial functional polydiene polymers, polyarylene polymers and polydiene/polyarylene copolymers, their optionally hydrogenated analogues, their optionally deprotected analogues, and processes for preparing these functionalized polymers.

Abstract: Olefins such as ethylene and propylene may be polymerized by using as catalysts novel selected transition metal complexes of bis(carboximidamidatonates) in which the carboximidamidatonate groups are connected together through covalent bonds by a bridging group. The resulting polymers are useful as molding and extrusion resins.

Abstract: A method for preparing a moisture-curable, virtually telechelic, silyl-functional polyisobutylene is disclosed, said method comprising reacting, in the presence of a Lewis acid, (A) isobutylene; (B) an initiator of the formula (C) a styryl comonomer of the formula wherein R is selected from H or methyl group, R′ is a divalent non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R″ is independently selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R′″ is a divalent non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, X is independently a halogen group, Y is halogen and n is independently 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: A process for making a polysiloxane block copolymer which is built up from units of the formula [A] [B], in which A is a polymeric block built up from radically polymerisable monomer, and B is a polysiloxane block, the process comprising the steps of forming a polysiloxane macroinitiator by grafting a radical initiator onto a polysiloxane via a nucleophilic displacement reaction between groups on the polysiloxane and radical initiator respectively, and reacting the polysiloxane macroinitiator so obtained with radically polymerisable monomers in an atom transfer radical polymerisation reaction to form a polysiloxane block copolymer. Also provided are cosmetic and personal care compositions, such as hair styling compositions, containing the polysiloxane block copolymers.

Abstract: Control agents that have a nitrogen-nitrogen bond covalently bonded to a thiocarbonyl moiety are provided for living-type free radical polymerization of a wide variety of monomers. These control agents provide superior properties for control of the polymerization and/or the properties of the polymers obtained and/or the monomers that may be polymerized. In some embodiments, a bulky group is pendant off the activated thiocarbonyl portion of the control agents. Multifunctional control agents provide the opportunity for a variety of structurally unique polymers, including block copolymers, stars and hyper-branched polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of surface-active photoinitiators of formula I the units being arranged randomly or in blocks, and wherein n is a number from 1 to 1000; m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; x is the number 1, or, when n is 1, x may also be the number 2; A1 and A2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; or A1 and A2 together are a single bond; R1, R2 and R3 are, for example, each independently of the others C1-C18alkyl, phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; R4 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; IN, when x is 1, is a radical of formula or IN, when x is 2, is a radical of formula R13 and R14 are, for example, each independently of the other C1-C12alkyl; Y is, for example, —(CH2)a—O—; X is OR15 or N(R16)(R17); R15 is, for example, hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R16 and R17 are, for example, hydrogen or C1-C12alkyl; X1 has, for example, one of the mea

Abstract: The invention relates to particles comprises of organopolysiloxane microgel particles having a diameter of 5 to 200 nm and organo-aluminum compounds immobilized thereon. The particles can be used as cocatalysts together with metal compounds of the 4, 5, 6 and 8-10 sub-groups of the periodic table for oligomerization, cyclization of polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: Solid acids are used as catalysts for the polymerization of a feed stream containing at least one of pure monomer, C5 monomers, and C9 monomers to produce hydrocarbon resins. Freely-associated water may be removed from the solid acid catalyst prior to use. Resins with softening points (Ring and Ball) in the range of about 5° C. to 170° C. can be prepared. These catalysts offer advantages over the traditional Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts since the acid sites are an integral part of the solid. The solid acid catalysts are relatively nonhazardous, reusable catalysts which eliminate or at least reduce contamination of the resulting resin products with acid residues or by-products.

Abstract: A process of making a cosmetically or pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsion or gel composition which comprises: (a) heating a reaction mixture comprising, by weight, about 5-70% of a vinyl monomer in about 30-95% of an oil as solvent, wherein said oil is selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil, a mineral oil and a water-insoluble organic ester and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or an oil soluble surfactant, with agitation, under an inert gas, at about 40-150° C., wherein the oil is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant vinyl polymer in a stirrable state until the end of the polymerization, (b) adding a surfactant, if a suitable surfactant was not present during polymerization, and, (c) then adding water to form an oil-in-water, a water-in-oil or a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion or gel, in a volume ratio of oil-in-water of 30:70 to 10:90, or water-in-oil of 90:10 to 30:70.

Abstract: This invention relates to cyanoacrylate-containing compositions that include, in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, the combination of two accelerators to improve fixture speeds on certain substrates.

Abstract: A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion is preferably used at a temperature of 20° C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Abstract: Aromatic silane compounds containing at least an aromatic ring bound directly to the silicon atom, wherein the aromatic ring has at least one substituent located in the ortho position selected from C1-10 hydrocarbon groups, are useful as electron donors in olefin polymerization catalysts for the production of polyolefins having a stereoblock content of from about 7 to about 25%.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of reactor fouling at radical initiated high pressure polymerisation of ethylene (co)polymers is described. The process is characterised in that an adhesion reducing silicon containing compound is added to the polymerisation reactor, preferably in an amount of 0.001-3% by weight, based on the amount of polymer produced. Preferably the silicon containing compound is hexadecyl trimethoxy silane.

Abstract: There is provided a polymerization of a sticky polymer in the presence of a catalyst under polymerization conditions using carbon black as the inert particulate material, the improvement comprises conducting said polymerization in the presence of a carbon black that has been treated with a sulfur donor and/or an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, heterogeneous polymerization process comprises heating a reaction mixture of about 5-70%, preferably 10-30%, by weight, of a vinyl monomer in an oil as solvent, and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or a surfactant, wherein the oil solvent is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant polymer in a stirrable state throughout the polymerization. The polymer reaction product is capable of forming a uniform emulsion or gel upon addition of water thereto.

Abstract: A process for producing a microporous oil sorbent polymer comprising the steps of: dissolving a polyunsaturated monomer in a silicone organic solvent to provide a monomer mixture containing more than 90% by weight polyunsaturated monomer; polymerizing said monomers by precipitation polymerization, under an inert atmosphere to precipitate microporous, micro-particles in the form of micro-particles, agglomerates and aggregates having a bulk density of about 0.02 gm/cm3 to about 0.01 gm/cm3 and capable of adsorbing at least about 20% by weight organic materials based on the total weight of polymer plus adsorbed organic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkoxysilacycloalkanes, to the process for their preparation and to their use in the polymerization of olefins. The introduction of these alkoxysilacycloalkanes into the olefin polymerization environment makes it possible to raise the heptane-insolubles content of the polymer finally formed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing a silyl-functional living cationic polymer which can be subsequently coupled to form a moisture-curable telechelic system, said method comprising reacting, in the presence of a Lewis acid, (A) at least one cationically polymerizable monomer with (B) an initiator of the formula wherein R is selected from H or methyl group, R′ is a divalent non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R″ is selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl groups having, 6 to 10 carbon atoms, X is halogen, Y is halogen and n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: A cast-molding material for a plastic lens which is almost free from causing defective dyeing when dyed, and a process for producing plastic lenses almost free from causing defective dyeing, the cast-molding material containing, as essential components, a combination of (A) diethylene glycol bisallylcarbonate or a mixture of diethylene glycol bisallylcarbonate and a monomer copolymerizable therewith, with (B) a polyether-modified silicone compound, and the process comprising cast-molding the above cast-molding material in a mold.

Abstract: Process for producing an olefin polymer of a low polydispersity index having low catalyst residues and low chlorine content, by polymerizing olefins in solution in the presence of a cationic catalyst, in a reactor containing a liquid phase comprising a liquid boiling hydrocarbon polymerization medium and having a vapor space above the liquid phase. The polymerization is carried out in the presence of a non-mechanical agent capable of suppressing foam formation during the polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cold curable resin composition comprising at least a block copolymer in which a polymer portion having an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group and a hydrolytic silyl group and a polyorganosiloxane portion exist in the same molecular chain. A base material coated with the curable resin composition is also disclosed herein. The resin composition of the present invention has high performance in application to, for instance, an inorganic base material such as a plastic plate, e.g., an acrylic plate and glass, and has excellent cold curing properties, possesses high de-staining ability and excellent adhesive properties, and further can form a smooth and transparent coating film.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cyanoacrylate-based compositions, which include in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, a thermal-resistance conferring agent, such as an alkylating agent and/or silylating agent, which provides reaction products of the compositions with improved thermal resistance properties.

Abstract: A process for making silyl endblocked organic polymers of the formula R.sup.1.sub.3 SiM is disclosed which comprises contacting under anhydrous conditions M' monomers and/or oligomers of M' with a silyl cation R.sup.1.sub.3 Si.sup.+ devoid of any siloxane bonds wherein each R.sup.1 independently denotes an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, hydrogen, a halogen or a monovalent siloxane-free silicon-containing group and M is an organic polymer made by the addition polymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M' of the formula H(R.sup.3)--C.dbd.C--(R.sup.2).sub.2 wherein each R.sup.2 independently denotes an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, hydrogen or a halogen and R.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen or methyl group. Preferably the monomer M' is an olefin.

Abstract: A controlled-release, drug-delivery, emulsion composition for topical application comprising (a) the reaction product of the non-aqueous, heterogeneous polymerization of a reaction mixture of about 5-70%, preferably 10-30%, by weight, of a vinyl monomer in an oil as solvent, and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or a surfactant, wherein the oil solvent is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant polymer in a stirrable state throughout the polymerization, (b) water, (c) a surfactant and (d) a pharmaceutical medicament.

Abstract: A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion used at a temperature of 20.degree. C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polyisobutylene is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of a polymer is disclosed wherein the polymerization occurs in a fluidized bed reactor or a reactor for the gas-phase production of a polymer and in the presence of a catalyst and a modified carbon black. Also disclosed are the polymer particles resulting from this process of the present invention and products made from the polymer particles of the present invention including hoses, such as radiator hoses, tires, and roofing material.

Abstract: A process for the direct polymerization of allyl ethers, crotyl ethers and allyl alcohols is disclosed. The process comprises bringing into reactive proximity an allyl ether, crotyl ether or allyl alcohol compound; a transition metal carbonyl complex catalyst; and a cocatalyst bearing at least one silicon-hydrogen bond. Preferably, the catalyst is a cobalt carbonyl complex, and most preferably, the catalyst is dicobalt octacarbonyl. While virtually any compound bearing at least one silicon-hydrogen bond can be used as cocatalyst, phenylsilane is the most preferred. The process promotes the polymerization of allyl alcohols, mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and multifunctional allyl and crotyl ether monomers, as well as terminal and pendent allyl and crotyl ether functional groups within oligomers and polymers.

Abstract: An inorganic glass having an aliphatic polymer covalently bonded to the surface thereof is disclosed for providing improved adhesion to a matrix polymer when the glass is employed as a composite filler, as well as for the formation of a composite absent a separate matrix polymer. The polymer is grafted onto the glass by a method which includes the steps of pretreating the surface of the glass with an activator which an activating moiety to the surface, functionalizing the pretreated surface by bonding functional moieties thereto, and polymerizing a cycloaliphatic monomer onto the functionalized surface in the presence of a ring opening polymerization catalyst. Also disclosed are novel inorganic glasses which contain both silicate and phosphate linkages.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for cationic polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers, adhesive compositions containing polymers made by the process and use of the polymers as processing aids for thermoplastic polymers. In the process, a vinyl aromatic monomer is dissolved in an organic solvent containing a complex comprising an in situ formed ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a Lewis acid to provide a polymer having a softening point above about 125.degree. C. and a polydispersity index above about 2.0. Surprisingly, the Lewis acid/acrylate complex causes the reaction to proceed with reduced exothermicity and enables an increase in the softening point and yield as compared with a polymer made without the complex or using other complexes.

Abstract: The base material for hair cosmetics of the present invention is, as compared with conventional ones, excellent in moisture resistance, set-holding ability and elasticity and it does not cause flaking and when it applies to hair, natural make-up effect can be given to hair and thus treated hair is flexible and smooth in touch and can smoothly be combed.

Abstract: A process for producing a microporous oil sorbent polymer comprising the steps of:dissolving a polyunsaturated monomer in a silicone organic solvent to provide a monomer mixture containing more than 90% by weight polyunsaturated monomer;polymerizing said monomers by precipitation polymerization, under an inert atmosphere to precipitate microporous, micro-particles in the form of micro-particles, agglomerates and aggregates having a bulk density of about 0.02 gm/cm.sup.3 to about 0.01 gm/cm.sup.3 and capable of adsorbing at least about 20% by weight organic materials based on the total weight of polymer plus adsorbed organic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel halogen-free solvent system which can produce a good isobutylene polymer and can be easily reused. A novel process for the production of an isobutylene polymer is provided which comprises using a hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point of not lower than 105.degree. C. and a melting point of not higher than -90.degree. C. Heretofore, a solvent system containing a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride has been used for the production of an isobutylene polymer. However, such a solvent system has a great adverse effect on the environment. Therefore, a non-halogenated solvent is desirable. The present invention is characterized by the use of a hydrocarbon solvent as a reaction solvent. The resulting polymer has good properties. Further, compounds which are produced as by-products during the reaction can be easily removed, enabling the recycling of the solvent used. Thus, the production cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A method in which radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer is initiated by an ozonide group attached to a silane or a siloxane polymer. The method is particularly useful for preparing organic polymers having a silicone chain end, or for preparing wide ranges of silicone/organic polymers and copolymers with varied architecture, i.e., ABA block copolymers, comb polymers, star polymers, and hyper-branched polymers. In one embodiment, the method is carried out by simply heating a vinyl monomer in the presence of a silane containing ozonide functionality. The ozonide silane is obtained by exposing silanes or siloxanes having an alkyl group containing a double bond to ozone. Surprisingly, an ozonide attached to an organosilicon compound was found to be stable, and capable of initiating vinyl polymerization upon heating to moderate temperatures, i.e., about 70.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing water-soluble and water-insoluble carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers. The process comprises the steps of polymerizing a carboxylic acid monomer, and a polyfunctional cross-linker monomer in a second embodiment, in an effective molar ratio, in a silicone solvent under an inert atmosphere in the presence of an effective amount of an initiator. The preferred copolymer of the second embodiment includes acrylic acid as the carboxylic acid monomer and a lauryl methacrylate and/or stearyl methacrylate as a comonomer. The resulting copolymers have new and unexpected tolerance to salt-containing water when mixed therewith.

Abstract: A free radical polymerization process for the preparation of a polymer comprising heating a mixture of a free radical initiator, a stable free radical agent, a metal catalyst, or a metal stable free radical complex catalyst, and at least one polymerizable monomer; cooling said mixture; and optionally isolating said polymer.

Abstract: The dispersion polymerization of isobutylene includes a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent is a compound having a CO.sub.2 -phobic moiety and at least one CO.sub.2 -philic moiety. The CO.sub.2 -phobic moiety is polysibutylene-philic. Novel polymerization initiators are organometallic.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing a vinyl ether monomer which comprises contacting the vinyl ether with an initiator system of silicon dioxide and a one or more metallic oxides.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-soluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: A process for controlling the particle growth of a polymer in a gas phase polymerization reaction by using an inert particulate material and an unsupported liquid polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing a viscosifying polymer. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of copolymerizing a carboxylic acid monomer and a polyfunctional cross-linker monomer in an effective mole ratio in a silicone solvent under an inert atmosphere in the presence of an effective amount of an initiator to form a viscosifying polymer that in a 0.5% by weight aqueous mucilage exhibits a viscosity of about 50,000 to 300,000 cps. The present invention is further directed to a viscosifying copolymer comprising a cross-linked copolymer of a carboxylic acid monomer and a polyfunctional cross-linker monomer, the viscosifying copolymer characterized in that a 0.5% by weight aqueous mucilage of the viscosifying copolymer exhibits a viscosity of about 50,000 to 300,000 cps. A preferred viscosifying copolymer includes acrylic acid as the carboxylic acid monomer and allyl methacrylate monomer as the polyfunctional cross-linker.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional amine initiators of the following general structures: ##STR1## wherein M is defined as an alkali metal, selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, Q is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons and alkenyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons; Z is a hydrocarbon tether group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms; A is an element selected from Group IVa of the periodic table and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, m is an integer from 0 to 7, and n is an integer from 1 to 5, monofunctional amine initiators produced by the process, use of the initiators in a polymerization process and polymers produced by the polymerization process.

Abstract: Transparent cycloolefin copolymers having a high tensile strength are obtained by polymerization of a polycyclic olefin, ethylene and, if desired, an acyclic olefin and/or a monocylcic olefin in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises a cocatalyst and an asymmetrical metallocene compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.16 is cyclopentadienyl and R.sup.17 is indenyl.

Abstract: A propylene, .alpha.-olefin copolymer, where the .alpha.-olefin has 5 or more carbon atoms made with a metallocene catalyst system provides substantially higher cold flow resistance from when the propylene copolymer is made with an .alpha.-olefin having 4 or less carbon atoms. Other properties such as ultimate tensile strength and impact strength are substantially higher as well. Such polymers can be used to advantage in fibers, fabrics, and oriented films.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for anionic polymerization of selected methacrylate monomers at elevated (as high as about 100.degree. C.) temperatures, while maintaining good "living" characteristics, by carrying out the polymerization in the presence of a silicon compound and a large cation. Also disclosed is an improved process for the polymerization of vinyl monomers, including methacrylates, which process comprises the use of an anionic intiator which is a combination of an alkali metal hydride and an alkoxysilane or a combination of an alkali metal alkoxide and a silicon hydride.

Abstract: A method for the production of poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) and copolymers thereof with vinyl esters is described. Poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) (PVTFA) is obtained in essentially quantitative yield under mild conditions by using non-chlorofluorocarbon solvents comprising siloxanes or perfluorinated fluid. Hexamethyl disiloxane is a particularly useful example of such solvents. Synthesis of syndiotactic PVTFA on a commercial scale without the use of environmentally-harmful solvents is made possible by the invention, which provides a convenient commercial route to syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Group IV organometallic compounds, e.g. alkylsilane, or alkylsiloxane compounds, are used as chain tranfer agent in the radical initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to give polymers comprising non-ionic end groups.

Abstract: Group IV organometallic compounds, e.g. alkylsilane, or alkylsiloxane compounds, are used as chain transfer agent in the radical initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to give polymers comprising non-ionic end groups.