Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional amine initiators of the following general structures: ##STR1## wherein M is defined as an alkali metal, selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, Q is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons and alkenyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons; Z is a hydrocarbon tether group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms; A is an element selected from Group IVa of the periodic table and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, m is an integer from 0 to 7, and n is an integer from 1 to 5, monofunctional amine initiators produced by the process, use of the initiators in a polymerization process and polymers produced by the polymerization process.

Abstract: Cross-linkable polymer compositions of an olefinic polymer modified by an unsaturated silane bearing hydrolyzable groups and a zeolite, wherein the zeolite is an adduct of a zeolite in finely divided form having a water content not higher than 3% by weight modified at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. with at least one carboxylic and/or sulfonic organic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional amine initiators of the following general structures: ##STR1## wherein M is defined as an alkali metal, selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, Q is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group derived by incorporation of a compound selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene hydrocarbons and alkenyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons; Z is a hydrocarbon tether group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms; A is an element selected from Group IVa of the periodic table and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, m is an integer from 0 to 7, and n is an integer from 1 to 5, monofunctional amine initiators produced by the process, use of the initiators in a polymerization process and polymers produced by the polymerization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to crosslinked organopolysiloxanes which contain groups which form free radicals and are built up from units of the formula[R.sub.a Si(O.sub.(3-a)/2)-R.sup.1 -X-(R.sup.1 -Si(O.sub.(3-a)/2)).sub.b R.sub.a ] (1),in whichX is a radical from the group consisting of --N.dbd.N--, --O--O--, --S--S-- and --C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2 --C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2 --, andR is monovalent SiC-bonded, optionally substituted C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -hydrocarbon radicals,R.sup.1 is divalent SiC-bonded, optionally substituted C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -hydrocarbon radicals which can be interrupted by divalent radicals, bonded to carbon atoms on both sides, from the group consisting of --O--, --COO--, --OOC--, --CONR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.2 CO-- and --CO--,R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a radical R,a has the values 0, 1 or 2 andb has the values 0 or 1,and further organosiloxane units. The organopolysiloxanes are used as free radical macroinitiators for grafting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-insoluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-insoluble polymer.

Abstract: A process for anionic polymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid derivatives or their ammonium salts with easily produced initiators. Specifically, the initiators are ammonium salts of resonance-stabilized nitrogen anions. The introduction of such initiators provides a maximum amount of structural variation, while inducing the controlled anionic polymerization of monomers at room temperature. The anionic polymerization is also applicable to acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile or their derivatives. The polymerization process of the present invention provides polymers with definite molecular weight and limited molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Cosmetic compositions are provided containing vinyl-silicone graft or block copolymers of the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: A cast resin suspensions comprising:(A) 40 to 80% by weight of an inorganic filler,(B) 60 to 20% by weight of a liquid polymerizable organic monomer, and(C) 0 to 5 parts by weight based on the sum of (A) and (B) of a polymerizable organosilicon component as coupling agent,wherein inorganic filler (A) is a mixture of at least two filler particle fractions having different median particle sizes, wherein the size ratio of the average particle sizes of the large and small filler particles ranges from 10:1 to 2:1 and wherein the weight ratio of the contents of large and small filler particles is from 4:1 to 1:4.

Abstract: Compositions containing a radical-polymerizable olefinically unsaturated compound and a hydrazone of an aromatic aldehyde or ketone are provided. Also provided are methods for the production of such compositions and methods for the use of such compositions as an adhesive and sealing compound or its use for the coating and production of plastic moldings. The compositions polymerize radically at room temperature upon exposure to ambient air.

Abstract: A method for the production of poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) and copolymers thereof with vinyl esters is described. Poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) (PVTFA) is obtained in essentially quantitative yield under mild conditions by using non-chlorofluorocarbon solvents comprising siloxanes or perfluorinated fluids. Hexamethyl disiloxane is a particularly useful example of such solvents. Synthesis of syndiotactic PVTFA on a commercial scale without the use of environmentally-harmful solvents is made possible by the invention, which provides a convenient commercial route to syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A homogeneous, random interpolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester having a melt flow rate in the range of about 0.1 to about 300 g/10 minutes, as determined by ASTM D-1238 (190.degree. C./2160 g), is improved during its manufacture when made in a substantially constant environment in a stirred autoclave under substantially steady-state conditions of temperature, pressure, and flow rates, said temperature and pressure being sufficient to produce a single phase reaction, using a free-radical initiator, said improvement being obtained by the use of a minor amount of a telogenic modifier in the reaction mixture, the process being further characterized by the use of either, or both, of (a) a temperature which is lower than that which would be required without the presence of the telogen, or (b) a pressure which is higher than that which would be required without the presence of the modifier.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-insoluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-insoluble polymer.

Abstract: The anionic polymerization of isoprene with monolithium initiators and functionalized initiators having the structure R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 Si--O--A'--Li wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are preferably alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or alkaryl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and A' is preferably a branched or straight chain bridging group having at least 2 carbon atoms produces unsaturated and hydrogenated isoprene polymers having high 1,4-addition of the isoprene, from about one to two terminal functional groups per molecule, and low viscosity.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising a crosslinkable copolymer, wherein the copolymer is the free radical polymerization product of a mixture of monomers in the presence of a terminally unsaturated oligomeric chain transfer catalyst. Such compositions have advantageous properties when used in a variety of products including high performance coatings.

Abstract: A method of preparing macromonomer compositions of a limited average molecular weight containing an olefinic polymerizable end group. The macromonomers may suitably comprise the polymerization product of methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, and methacrylamide monomers, derivatives thereof, and mixtures of such monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling the polymerization of acrylates using a catalyst which is selected from at least one of zinc, cadmium, or mercury halides in combination with free iodine to give acrylate polymers having narrow molecular weight distributions, via group transfer polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to new optically active amino acid derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which n, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, X and A have the meaning given in the description, which amino acid derivatives contain sulphoxide or sulphone groups, to two basic synthetic routes for the preparation from sulphur-containing amino acids, to the polymerization of these monomers and to the use of the polymers as optically active adsorbents for chromatographic resolution of racemates to give the enantiomers.

Abstract: A method for preparing a graft copolymer is here disclosed which is characterized by comprising the step of carrying out a living polymerization of at least one (meth)acrylic ester by the use of a polymeric compound as an initiator having one or more units represented by the following formula (I) in a molecular chain substantially in the absence of water in the presence of a Lewis acid or a donor compound of an anion selected from the group consisting of HF.sub.2.sup.-, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiF.sub.2.sup.- and F.sup.- : ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for the production of poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) and copolymers thereof with vinyl esters is described. Poly(vinyl trifiuoroacetate) (PVTFA) is obtained in essentially quantitative yield under mild conditions by using non-chlorofluorocarbon solvents comprising siloxanes or perfluorinated fluids. Hexamethyl disiloxane is a particularly useful example of such solvents. Synthesis of syndiotactic PVTFA on a commercial scale without the use of environmentally-harmful solvents is made possible by the invention, which provides a convenient commercial route to syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite composition obtained by polymerizing a radical-polymerizable vinyl compound (a) in the presence of a silicic acid oligomer (b) and, if desired, colloidal silica (c). This composite composition has high transparency, thermal resistance, rigidity and toughness and is hence useful in applications where inorganic glass has heretofore been used.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-soluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to moldable, radically polymerizable multicomponent mixtures containingethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable compounds, if desired in admixture with soluble and/or insoluble fillers andan activator system initiatable by contact with oxygen,and is characterized in that these multicomponent mixtures contain an activator system based on the following principal components which can be initiated by contact with oxygen and water and, in particular, by contact with ambient air:N-alkyl-substituted tert-arylamines containing at least one aliphatic CH bond in the .alpha.-positionmetal compounds at least partly soluble in the system to accelerate the drying of unsaturated oils andcompounds of weakly acidic carboxylic acids having pK.sub.a values of no less than about 0.9 which can be hydrolyzed to the free carboxylic acid on contact with moisture.

Abstract: A process for producing sticky polymers at polymerization reaction temperatures in excess of the softening temperatures of the sticky polymers in a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of an inert particulate material which comprises utilizing as a support material for the catalyst, a support which includes silica having an average particle size of from about 60 to about 200 microns.

Abstract: A improved method of free radical polymerization in an aqueous system, such as an emulsion or suspension process. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a relatively low molecular weight macromonomer such as can be made with a metal chelate chain transfer catalyst. This method is useful for reducing the molecular weight of a variety of polymers and copolymers, including acrylic and olefinic polymers.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: Group IV compounds, e.g. alkylsilane, or alkylsiloxane compounds, are used as chain transfer agent in the radical initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to give polymers comprising non-ionic end groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an isobutylene-type allyl-terminated polymer, the process comprising mixing:(A) a cationically polymerizable isobutylene-containing monomer;(B) an organic compound serving as an initiator and concurrently as a chain transfer agent, the organic compound being represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## (C) at least one Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 AlCl, (C.sub.2 H.sub.5)AlCl.sub.2, SnCl.sub.4 and TiCl.sub.4 ; and(D) a compound serving as an end capping agent, the compound being represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## whereby the cationically polymerizable monomer is polymerized.

Abstract: Polydiorganosiloxane/thiuram disulfide block copolymers having the formula: ##STR1## well adapted as "polyiniferters" in the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, e.g., the (meth)acrylates or styrene, are prepared by reacting a corresponding .alpha.,.omega.-(amino)diorganopolysiloxane with CS.sub.2 in the presence of a tertiary amine and an oxidizing agent, e.g., iodine.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing polar compounds which have a C.dbd.C double bond in an .alpha.-position relative to a carbonyl or nitrile group, such as acrylic acid derivatives, which comprises polymerizing the polar compounds in the presence of organometallic compounds of silicon, germanium or tin as initiators together with a nucleophilic or electrophilic catalyst at temperatures in the range of from -100.degree. C. to +100.degree. C.

Abstract: Group IV organometallic compounds, e.g. alkylsilane, or alkylsiloxane compounds, are used as chain transfer agent in the radical initiated polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to give polymers comprising non-ionic end groups.

Abstract: A coating composition, useful for finishing automobiles and trucks, in which the film forming binder contains, as reactive binder components, a mixture of a first polymer having at least two reactive anhydride groups and a second polymer or oligomer having at least two reactive epoxy groups, characterized by the second polymer being structured so that the epoxy groups are skewed to have a majority thereof at one end of the polymer.

Abstract: A method of preparing vinyl-silicone copolymers which involves the use of a mercapto-functional silicone compound as a macromolecular chain transfer agent. Release coatings and low adhesion backsizes comprising the vinyl-silicone copolymers.

Abstract: A process for preventing agglomeration of sticky polymers in a polymerization system which comprises adding to said polymerization system about 0.3 to about 80 weight percent based on the weight of the final product of an inert particulate material having an organo-modified polydimethylsiloxane (OM-PDMS) surface coating thereon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the living cationic polymerization of vinylic unsaturated compounds containing electron donating substituents resulting in polymers of narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: An extrusion polymerization process is described in which the polymerization of vinylic monomers, in particular acrylic monomers, is carried out in bulk in an extruder. The polymerization reaction is catalysed by a catalyst composition comprising an initiator, e.g. a ureido substituted silane, and a co-catalyst which is a salt providing a source of anions, e.g. fluoride ions.

Abstract: A method for producing a vinyl resin comprising the steps of dissolving or dispersing a polymerizable vinyl monomer in a polymerization solvent containing a silicone oil, and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrolyzable silyl group-containing azo compound is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a group originating from an azo compound having one or more active hydrogen groups;R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group;R.sup.2 represents a divalent organic group;X represents a hydrolyzable group;Y represents --O--, --S--, ##STR2## m is an integer of 1 to 3; and n is an integer of 1 or 2;and process for producing the same is disclosed. The hydrolyzable silyl group-containing azo compound is used to prepare a hydrolyzable silyl group-containing vinyl polymer produced by polymerizing vinyl monomer as a radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Novel silicone acrylate polymers and a method for their preparation is disclosed. These polymers are formed from silicone acrylates, silicone diacrylates, or mixtures with organic acrylates. The copolymer formed from the reaction mixture of silicone acrylates and organic acrylates is useful in enhancing glass reinforced polyesters.

Abstract: Lewis acid zeolites are used as catalysts for group transfer polymerizations of alkyl acrylates.

Abstract: A method for preventing agglomeration of sticky polymers in a fluidized bed which comprises adding to said fluidized bed and 0.3 to about 80 weight percent based on the weight of the final product of an inert particulate material having a PDMS surface coating thereon.

Abstract: An ion-selective polymeric membrane for an electrochemical sensor for use in analytical chemistry, comprisinga) a supporting matrix e.g. of PVC, andb) an ionophore selected from calixarene or oxacalixarene derivatives of the formula IV ##STR1## wherein n+m=3-8;m=0-8;n=0-8;a, which may be the same or different on each aryl group, is 0 or 1;R.sup.2 is alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryloxy, alicyclic, alkylthio, arylthio, alkarylthio, or a substituted derivative thereof;R.sup.3 is --H, alkyl or alkenyl;X is --OH or a group containing an acrylate or methacrylate functional group;provided that when X is --OH, n is at least 1/2(n+m);and provided that when m=0, n=4, a=0 and R.sup.3 is alkyl or allyl, R.sup.2 is not alkoxy having 4 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl group;and provided that when m=0, n=4, a=0 and R.sup.3 is t-butyl, R.sup.2 is not methoxy or ethoxy;or of the formula V ##STR2## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyacrylates corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## to their production in a quasi-ionic polymerization and to their use as monofunctional chain terminators, optionally in combination with typical other chain terminators, for the production of aromatic polycarbonates.The invention also relates to the polycarbonates or polycarbonate mixtures obtained using the compounds corresponding to formula (I) and to their use as additives for other thermoplastic polycarbonates.

Abstract: A family of ionic polyacetylenes containing long sequences of conjugated double bonds in the backbone with ionic charges adjacent to or in conjugation with the backbone, and a synthetic process for preparing them, are disclosed. These polymers, which are soluble in many solvents including water, are mono- and di-substituted polyacetylenes that are extensively conjugated. The charge density and geometry of charge distribution depends on the number and nature of the substituents.

Abstract: Bis-sulfonium, -selenonium, -arsonium, -ammonium, and -phosphonium salts useful as photoinitiators, comprise:an aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic group which absorbs UV or visible radiation and which exhibits a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent attached to each of the S, Se, As, N or P atoms of said salt;at least one substituent, attached to each of the S, Se, As, N or P atoms of said salt, which comprises an electron-withdrawing group which causes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to be localized on the substituent and the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt;an insulating group which links said aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic group to each of the S, Se, As, N, or P atoms of said salt, said insulating group essentially preventing .pi.

Abstract: Foaming above the aqueous polymerization mixture can be efficiently reduced in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer in an aqueous medium contained in a polymerization reactor equipped with a reflux condenser for removal of the heat of polymerization by admixing the polymerization mixture with additives comprising (a) from 0.002 to 0.007 part by weight of a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification in the range from 20 to 50% by moles and an average degree of polymerization in the range from 200 to 400 and (b) from 0.001 to 0.01 part by weight of a silicone-based defoaming agent, each amount being per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer or the monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride, at a moment, preferably, before the reflux condenser is brought into operation.

Abstract: A silicon-containing polymer having comb-shape structure comprising a unit of an organopolysiloxane as the main chain and a vinyl polymer as the side chain of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkylene, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each C.sub.1-4 alkyl, R is H or methyl, X.sup.1 is hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-5 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl-oxycarbonyl or phenyl, n is 1-100,000, R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl, X.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl, chlorine, C.sub.1-4 alkoxysilyl, or C.sub.1-4 alkyl which is substituted by one to three of --NH.sub.2, --NH--, --SH, --CN or F, l is 2-20, m is 0 or 1-10, which has excellent migration property and is useful as agents for giving water-repellency, adhesion, surface activity, etc. in paints or other compositions, and an intermediate macromonomer, and process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst for addition polymerization comprising:(a) an (initiator) first component of Formula (I):MX(Y.sub.n)Z.sub.p (I)whereinM is Si, Ge or Sn;n is O or an integer, and p is an integer such that (n+p)=3;X is a radical ##STR1## where Q and Q.sup.1 are each independently N, P or As;Q.sup.2 is O, S, NR or PR where R is C.sub.1-4 alkyl;R.sup.1 is H or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl; andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbadiyl;all such R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being inert in the process conditions of the present invention;Y is A or OA where A is optionally substituted hydrocarbyl inert in the process conditions of the present invention, or trialkylsilylalkyl; andZ is independently any group as definedd for Y, or an organic polymer radical comprising further MXY.sub.n moieties; orp is 2 andZ.sub.2 is a group Z.sup.1 .sub.2 of the formula --OSiR.sup.5 R.sup.8 O-- where R.sup.5, R.sup.

Abstract: A process to polymerize alkoxystyrenes utilizing a zeolite as the initiator is provided. Polymers of p-methoxystyrene having number average molecular weights in excess of 1.times.10.sup.6 are prepared by room temperature polymerization. The invention also provides a high molecular weight polymer of alkoxystyrenes which has a broad molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A method of preparing styrene derivative polymers is provided. The process utilizes as a catalyst an iodine containing electrophile and a zeolite. The styrene derivatives cationically polymerize to polymers without the need for heavy metal initiators. The styrene derivatives may be copolymerized with vinyl ethers to form random or block copolymers. Preferred styrene derivatives include styrene and methoxystyrenes.