Abstract: This invention relates to a heat curing process and to heat activated compositions comprising(1) an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds and(2) a thiuram.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to anaerobically hardening adhesives, sealing compounds, and the like. More particularly, the present invention is directed to an anaerobically hardening adhesive and sealing composition comprising methacrylic or acrylic acid esters, organic peroxides, nitrogen containing compounds as accelerators for polymerization, and customary adjuvant substances, wherein a content of cyanoacetic acid or an ester or an amide thereof is also present.

Abstract: Terpolymer consisting of 12 to 48% by weight TFE units, 7 to 24% by weight HFP units and 30 to 81% by weight VF.sub.2 units, provided that when the content of TFE units is less than 42% by weight, the content of HFP units is less than 15% by weight. Heat-stable films such as polyimide film can be coated with a coating comprising the terpolymer to provide heat-sealable film useful as wire insulation.

Abstract: Substituted tartaric acids and tartaric acid derivatives have proved to be highly reactive initiators for starting radical polymerization resp. hardening reactions of unsaturated compounds and mixtures of compounds, particularly unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylonitrile which comprises from 0 to 30% by weight, incorporated by polymerization, of comonomer units which are free from ionic groups, said polymers having a K-value of from 50 to 100, a dye absorption capacity for cationic dyes of at least 0.5% by weight, a conductivity, measured in dimethylformamide solution, of at least 10.mu. Siemens, and from 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of sulphur fixed to said polymer as well as to a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: Organic polymer compounds having semi-telechelic olefinic unsaturation, which correspond to the general formula: ##STR1## in which V is the radical of an organic compound containing at least one polymerizable ##STR2## group and another group capable of reacting with the functional groups of organic compounds having radicals represented by W and Y; W is the radical of a chain transfer agent RSH, R being an organic radical having at least one hydroxyl or carboxyl group; X is the radical of an organic compound containing a polymerizable ##STR3## group; Y is the radical of an organic compound containing a polymerizable ##STR4## group and at least one other reactive group selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, acid anhydride and epoxy groups; y is 0 or a whole number of from 1 to 10; x is the number of moles of X necessary to enable the chain --(X).sub.x -- (Y).sub.

Abstract: In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of at least one of the following compounds [I], [II] and [III] to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained:[I] a non-polymerizable compound having in its molecule at least one group represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or an alkyl group having up to 4 carbon atoms, [II] a compound represented by the formula, R.sub.2 --S--C.sub.n H.sub.2n X wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, an aryl group or --C.sub.n H.sub.2n X, in which X is --OH, --COOH (or its salt), --CN or --CONH.sub.

Abstract: Sulfosuccinic acid derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from 9 to 16, R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkylammonium having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkylolammonium having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylol and m is an integer from 1 to 10. These sulfosuccinic acid derivatives are useful as emulsifying agents, particularly in the production of freeze-stable emulsion polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for polymerizing vinyl monomers by the emulsion polymerization technique using a new emulsifier system to produce latices or paste resins which have improved plastisol bloom properties and with little or no polymer buildup in the reactor. The polymerization process is conducted in an aqueous medium using a free radical producing polymerization catalyst in the presence of an emulsifier system comprising a sulfonated type soap selected from sulfonated phthalates and sulfonated benzoates.

Abstract: A process for the bulk or suspension polymerization of vinyl monomers, particularly vinyl chloride, in the presence of a redox catalyst system consisting of a peroxyester or diacyl peroxide and an ascorbic acid ester of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Sulfosuccinic acid derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from from 9 to 16, R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, R.sub.4 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkylammonium having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkylolammonium having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylol and m is an integer from 1 to 10. These sulfosuccinic acid derivatives are useful as emulsifying agents, particularly in the production of emulsion polymers.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of an acrylate copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 400-2000 by polymerization of a monomer mixture consisting of 35-60 mole % of styrene and/or .alpha.-methyl styrene, 20-60 mole % of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and 0-30 mole % of one or more other monovinyl compounds in the presence of a 2 to 8 carbon atoms-containing mercaptomonocarboxylic acid or mercaptodicarboxylic acid as chain length regulator in an amount of 0.05 to 0.2 moles per mole of the monomeric compounds, after which the resulting reaction product is brought into reaction with a glycidyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid. The invention also relates to a liquid coating composition having a solids content of at least 60% by weight based on the acrylate copolymer thus prepared and a curing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing prepolymers based on vinyl monomers such as methacrylic acid esters, or a mixture of esters of methacrylic and acrylic acids, or styrene, or a mixture of styrene with methacrylic acid esters. The method consists in conducting mass polymerization of said vinyl monomers at a temperature of 90.degree. to 160.degree. C. in air, or in oxygen-enriched air, or in an inert gas medium in the presence of an initiating system. The system is made of a mixture consisting of:(1) peresters of the general formula ##STR1## where R is aryl, alkyl, isoalkyl, methyl carbitol, phenyl carbitol or benzyl carbitol in an amount of 0.05-0.3 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer and(2) the following components:(a) sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer, or(b) esters of sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt.

Abstract: In a process for producing a casting plate of polymethyl methacrylate by continuously subjecting a methyl methacrylate monomer or a syrup containing soluble polymeric resins in the methyl methacrylate monomer to casting polymerization, an improvement which comprises adding a sulfur-containing compound represented by the formula:A--S-R).sub.n S-Bwherein n is an integer of 0 to 10, R is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and A and B are the same or different and are each a --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH(XY) group in which m is an integer of 0 to 23, X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group and Y is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a --OCOCH.sub.3 group, a --COOR' group or a --COSR" group, R' and R" being each an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and a surfactant to the starting monomer or syrup to obtain the casting plate having an improved thermal stability.

Abstract: A liquid chloroprene polymer having substantially at least one carboxyl group in the molecule and having a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 20,000 which is produced by(1) homopolymerizing a chloroprene monomer or(2) copolymerizing a chloroprene monomer with a monomer copolymerizable with a chloroprene monomer,in the presence of an organic solvent and about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight of a mercaptocarboxylic acid per 100 parts by weight of the monomers. The liquid polymer is reacted with a polyvalent metal oxide or hydroxide to form a thermo-reversible elastomeric composition.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of water-soluble copolymers of vinyl carboxylic acids and lower alkyl acrylates is disclosed. The process employs a tubular reactor and polymerizes the monomers in aqueous solution in the presence of a free radical catalyst. Molecular weights of from 3,000-300,000 and preferably from about 5,000-25,000 are obtained utilizing this process.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers having a relatively low molecular weight or degree of polymerization are prepared by a method in which an organic compound containing a mercapto group and a hydroxy or carboxyl group in a molecule is used as the chain transfer agent. Due to their very high activity, these chain transfer agents are used in amounts that are smaller than conventionally required quantities. The quality of the polymer products is satisfactory with respect to heat stability, occurrence of fish-eyes, particle size distribution, plasticizer absorption and ease of removing residual monomer.

Abstract: Polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, by either suspension or emulsion polymerization, optionally in the presence of a monoethylenically unsaturated comonomer, is carried out in the presence of a mixture of calcium and zinc acrylate. The presence of the calcium and zinc acrylate yields a more thermally stable product and reduces the amount of polymer scale formation during polymerization. A further improvement in thermal stability is achieved by conducting the polymerization with the added presence of an epoxy compound containing a reactive vinyl or allyl group.

Abstract: Organic polymer compounds having semi-telechelic olefinic unsaturation, which correspond to the general formula: ##STR1## in which V is the radical of an organic compound containing at least one polymerizable ##STR2## group and another group capable of reacting with the functional groups of organic compounds having radicals represented by W and Y; W is the radical of a chain transfer agent RSH, R being an organic radical having at least one hydroxyl or carboxyl group; X is the radical of an organic compound containing a polymerizable ##STR3## group; Y is the radical of an organic compound containing a polymerizable ##STR4## group and at least one other reactive group selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, acid anhydride and epoxy groups; y is 0 or a whole number of from 1 to 10; x is the number of moles of X necessary to enable the chain --(X).sub.x --(Y).sub.

Abstract: In a process for producing a water-soluble polymer in an easily grindable glassy state by subjecting to aqueous solution polymerization a mixture comprising a monomer composed mainly of a vinyl monomer represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## and water in an amount of 7 to 18% by weight based on the total weight of the monomer and water, a water-soluble salt in a powdery form is added to and dispersed in the polymerization system and the polymerization is carried out in the state that the powdery salt is dispersed, whereby a water-soluble polymer excellent in flocculating action and dissolving workability is obtained.

Abstract: Chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or hydrogen with at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 not being hydrogen and n is 1 to 4.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing vinyl chloride and for copolymerizing vinyl chloride and up to 30 percent by weight of comonomers in aqueous suspension under heat and pressure in the presence of a mixture of an acyl sulfonyl peroxide and a perester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are the same or different alkyl groups of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms provided not more than one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is methyl, and R is selected from 2,2-dimethyl propyl and straight chain alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, by either suspension or emulsion polymerization, optionally in the presence of a monoethylenically unsaturated comonomer, is carried out in the presence of a mixture of calcium and zinc acrylate. The presence of the calcium and zinc acrylate yields a more thermally stable product and reduces the amount of polymer scale formation during polymerization. A further improvement in thermal stability is achieved by conducting the polymerization with the added presence of an epoxy compound containing a reactive vinyl or allyl group.

Abstract: Copolymer emulsions comprising (1) an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid and (2) methyl acrylate are useful as thickening agents, particularly in acrylic polymer latices. An especially effective thickening agent is obtained when the copolymer emulsion is prepared using the dioctyl ester of sulfosuccinic acid as a surfactant.

Abstract: A vinyl halide paste polymer of low viscosity may be produced by adding a sulphosuccinate emulsifier to the polymer latex after microsuspension polymerisation but before isolation. This gives a polymer which can be made into a paste in known fashion.

Abstract: In the production of a casting syrup, useful in a continuous casting process for manufacture of cast plates, by partial polymerization of methyl methacrylate or its mixture with at least one unsaturated vinyl compound copolymerizable therewith in an amount of not more than about 20% by weight based on methyl methacrylate, an improved method wherein the partial polymerization is carried out in the presence of a thiodicarboxylic acid ester of the formula:R.sub.3 OOCR.sub.1 --S--R.sub.2 COOR.sub.4wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms as a stabilizer using an azo compound as a polymerization initiator, whereby a casting syrup having a suitable viscosity with a good workability on casting and affording a cast plate of high thermal stability on completion of the polymerization is obtainable.

Abstract: Molecular weight control is achieved in the production of acrylonitrile copolymers by means of an acid-activated mercaptan chain transfer agent.

Abstract: In the emulsion polymerization of polymers which comprise monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of those acids and which may also comprise other compatible vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, N-methylolacrylamide, acrylonitrile, itaconic acid and the like, the emulsifier for the emulsion polymerization is a surface-active agent having the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the acyl radical of a fatty acid having 7 to 21 carbon atoms and M is selected from ammonium, the alkali metals, and certain alkaline earth metals, and x is 1 to 3.

Abstract: A new class of compounds: R-W-R' where R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, peroxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorus containing group.Examples:Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butoxy] propane;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] ethyl phosphate.They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.

Abstract: A method for preventing polymer buildup in the polymerization reactor during the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer to form polyvinyl chloride polymer and copolymers, the method comprising coating reactor surfaces in contact with the reaction medium with a material selected from the group consisting of alumina, dithiooxamide, and mixtures of these prior to carrying out this polymerization.

Abstract: New aliphatic azo compounds containing an .alpha.-hydroperoxy group and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof as represented by the general structure ##STR1## processes for preparing I where M is H and R is t-aliphatic by reacting t-aliphatic azo compounds having an .alpha.-halo substituent with about an equimolar amount of sodium or hydrogen peroxide; processes for converting I where M is H to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt by reaction with aqueous solutions of the corresponding base or with calcium or sodium hydride; and the use of these novel compounds as polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and as curing agents for resins. For example, 2-t-butylazo-2-hydroperoxy-4-methylpentane is prepared from sodium peroxide and 2-t-butylazo-2-chloro-4-methylpentane and used to polymerize vinyl chloride and to cure unsaturated polyester resin.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel acrylates, methacrylates, fumarates, maleates, citraconates, mesaconates, itaconates, and aconitates of the following structure: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are each C.sub.n H.sub.2n, where n is 1 to 12 and may be straight chain or branched;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, where n is 1 to 12 and may be straight chain or branched;R.sup.4, r.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen, methyl, ##STR2## PROVIDED THAT AT LEAST ONE OF R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.f is C.sub.p F.sub.2p+1 or C.sub.p F.sub.2p+1 OC.sub.q F.sub.2q, where p is 3 to 18 (preferably 6 to 12), q is 2 to 8, and the perfluoroalkyl constituent may be branched or straight chain.Addition polymers made from the above unsaturated esters are particularly useful for treating fabrics to make the fabric oil and water repellent.

Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight result when a monomer component that comprises a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is an alkylene bis-(mercaptoalkanoate), such as ethylene bis-(mercaptoacetate).

Abstract: Organic compounds of the formula:[(H.sub.3-n X.sub.n)C -- CO.sub.2 M (CO).sub.m (R).sub.p (L).sub.q ].sub.rin which X is a halogen atom, at least one X being fluorine, M is molybdenum or tungsten, R is a hydride ion or a hydrocarbon group, L is a Lewis base and m, n, p, q and r are integers, are manufactured from fluoracetic esters and molybdenum or tungsten carbonyl compounds. They are useful as catalysts for polymerizing or co-polymerizing unsaturated compounds such as butadiene.

Abstract: High solids latex suitable for no-gel foam applications is prepared by polymerizing an aliphatic conjugated diolefin, optionally with at least one copolymerizable monomer e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride, in an aqueous emulsion containing less than 6 parts by weight per 100 parts monomers of a polymerization promoting synthetic emulsifier system e.g. sodium alkyl sulfate or ether sulfate and/or sodium sulfosuccinate and from about 0.001 to less than 0.2 parts by weight of a water dispersible agglomerating agent comprising the reaction product of a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 5,000 with the polyepoxide obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with a polyhydric phenol.The latex is stable and can be compound with fillers and then frothed in the absence of gelling agents to produce a uniform foam.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile polymers of improved whiteness and thermal stability are provided by polymerizing acrylonitrile alone or with a comonomer in an aqueous medium, in the presence of a water-insoluble mercaptan, together with a redox catalyst comprising sulfurous acid or a salt thereof and nitrous acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for instantaneous peptization of polychloroprene latexes made by polymerizing in the presence of sulfur and a modifying agent such as iodoform or a dialkylxanthogen disulfide, by adding a suitable thiol at a pH at least equal to 9.