Abstract: There is provided a rubber/plastic insulated power cable or a joint of power cables which comprises a conductor or a conductor joint having an inner semiconductor layer and an insulation layer, and if necessary, an outer semiconductor layer, formed thereon in the order named, at least one of these layers being formed of a crosslinked structure of an olefin resin composition containing an olefin resin, an organic peroxide, and 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene. The 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene serves to inhibit "amber" of the olefin resin composition by the organic peroxide used and to increase the degree of crosslinking of crosslinked structure. Also, the olefin resin with a high melting point can be used as a base resin. Therefore, the resultant power cable and joint have highly improved AC breakdown strength, impulse breakdown strength at a high temperature and much less generation of electrical trees due to "amber", so that they are useful particularly high-voltage application.

Abstract: Optical articles are obtained by polymerizing, in the form of a flat plate, by means of a free-radical initiator, a polymerizable liquid composition containing diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), tris-hydroxyethylisocyanate tris(allyl-carbonate) and vinyl acetate and/or methyl methacrylate and then submitting the so-obtained plate to thermoforming.

Abstract: A maleimide random copolymer contains an N-substituted compound structural unit, an unsaturated peroxycarbonate structural unit and optionally a vinyl monomer structural unit. In place of the unsaturated peroxycarbonate structural unit, an unsaturated peroxyester unit may be contained. A process for preparing a maleimide graft copolymer comprises polymerizing a mixture of an N-substituted maleimide compound and a vinyl monomer in the presence of a random vinyl copolymer containing peroxy groups with active oxygen content.

Abstract: In a process for producing a conjugated diene copolymer, the improvement in which when copolymerizing a conjugated diene monomer with an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer, at least one compound selected from a bifunctional peroxide represented by formulaR.sub.1 --OO--R.sub.2 --OO--R.sub.3 (I)wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each denote a hydrocarbon group, anda bifunctional peroxycarbonate represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each denote a hydrocarbon group, said bifunctional peroxide and peroxycarbonate being soluble in said monomers, is used as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A polymeric peroxy ester, which consists of a structural unit represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## and a structural unit represented by the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR3## and had an average molecular weight or 1,000-15,000, said structural units (I) and (II) being bonded alternately in a molar ratio within the range of from 6:4 to 4:6, has a 10-hour half-life period temperature of 70.degree.-85.degree. C. and a high activity at relatively high temperature, is safe in the production and handling, is adapted to be used as a polymerization initiator in the polymerization of vinyl monomer, and can produce a vinyl polymer having a high molecular weight.

Abstract: Multifunctional cyclobutarene peroxide polymerization initiators comprising at least one cyclobutarene moiety linked through the aromatic ring to at least one peroxide containing group which catalyze free radical polymerizations, as well as participate in cyclobutarene initiated ring opening polymerizations. The cyclobutarene peroxides of this invention are useful for the production of cross-linked, branched and graft polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A novel cyclic monoperoxyketal represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent hydrogen atoms, or same or different alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 represents an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be separate groups, in which R.sup.6 represents an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms and R.sup.7 represents an alkyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, or may be combined into a cylcoalkylene group having 3-12 carbon atoms, has high stability and excellent decomposition property, and is useful as a polymerization initiator of unsaturated monomers and as a curing agent of unsaturated polyester resin.

Abstract: There are provided reinforcing additives, e.g., for polyolefins, comprising (a) a hydrolyzable silane having an ethylenically unsaturated amide substituent and (b) a free radical generator. Also provided is a single step method of using such additives with hydroxyl-containing reinforcements, such as mica to improve processability and physical and thermal resistance properties of reinforced resin compositions.

Abstract: Copolymerization of isoterpinolene with maleic anhydride, preferably in the presence of a free radical initiator such as AIBN, to form high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight over 1000) polymers is disclosed. The polymerization may be conducted at a temperature up to about 190.degree. C., preferably in the range of about 40.degree. to 130.degree. C., preferably in the presence of a polar solvent.

Abstract: Copolymerization of beta-phellandrene with maleic anhydride, preferably in the presence of a free radical initiator such as AIBN, to form high molecular weight polymers (weight average molecular weight over 1,000) is disclosed. The polymerization may be conducted at a temperature up to about 190.degree. C., preferably in the range of about 40.degree. to 130.degree. C., preferably in the presence of a polar solvent.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to aqueous peroxide emulsions and the use thereof in suspension (co)polymerization reactions. In particular, the aqueous peroxide emulsions comprise: (a) 20-60% by weight of an organic peroxide which is liquid at -5.degree. C.; (b) 2-20% by weight of an aliphatic monohydric alcohol having 1-14 carbon atoms and/or aliphatic glycol having 2-4 carbon atoms; (c) a surfactant and/or a protective colloid; and (d) water. The emulsions of the present disclosure may be transported while in a liquid state at a temperature of -10.degree. C. to -25.degree. C. with minimal decrease in active oxygen content.

Abstract: A process for producing a styrene resin by continuous bulk polymerization using a polymerization apparatus comprising a circulating line (I) for initial-stage polymerization including at least one tubular reactor having fixedly set therein a plurality of mixing elements having no moving parts and a main-polymerization line (II) following the circulating line (I) and including at least one tubular reactor having fixedly set therein a plurality of mixing elements having no moving parts; characterized in that while a polmerization solution containing a styrene monomer (A), an organic solvent (B) and an organic peroxide (C) whose half life reaches 10 hours at a temperature of 75.degree. to 130.degree. C. is polymerized in the initial stage while it is circulated through the circulating line (I), and at the same time, a minor part or a major part of the initial-stage polymerization solution is introduced continuously into the main-polymerization line (II) and polymerized.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided for producing a terminally functional polymer which comprises introducing a monomer charge, a Lewis acid and an organic peroxy compound into a suitable reaction vessel and polymerizing the monomer charge at a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about -80.degree. C. to form the terminally functional polymer, wherein the monomer charge comprises isobutylene and the organic peroxy compound is charged in an amount of from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.sup.-1 moles per mole of the isobutylene. In a preferred embodiment, the monomer charge additionally comprises vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In another preferred embodiment the monomer charge comprises the sequential addition of isobutylene and vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In a further preferred embodiment said reaction vessel is additionally charged with an electron door having an electron door number of from about 22 to about 50 the amount of said electron door being from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.

Abstract: A stereolithographic method which employs an ultraviolet-curable liquid composition adapted to cure rapidly to a lightly cross-linked solvent-swellable three-dimensional complexly-shaped polymeric thin-walled element constituted by heat-softenable solid polymer upon exposure to ultraviolet dosage in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 Joules per square centimeter and which possesses reduced distortion comprises, from 20 to 80 weight percent, of a resinous polyacrylate or polymethacrylate dissolved in a combination of 10 to 45 weight percent of a liquid polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, which is preferably trifunctional, and 10 to 45 weight percent of liquid N-vinyl monomer, preferably N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Thus, the weight ratio of polyacrylate: polymethacrylate: N-vinyl monomer is about 1:2:2 to about 8:1:1. One of the foregoing polyacrylates or polymethacrylates is a polyacrylate and the other is a polymethacrylate so that good cure speed is accompanied by good distortion resistance.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxyl-containing polymers comprising polymerizing at least one free radical-polymerizable monomer in the presence of at least one monohydroxy-containing chain transfer agent and at least one hydroxy-containing free radical initiator. The method results in monohydroxy-functional polymers in yields in excess of 90%.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided for producing a terminally functional polymer which comprises introducing a monomer charge, a Lewis acid and an organic peroxy compound into a suitable reaction vessel and polymerizing the monomer charge at a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about -80.degree. C. to form the terminally functional polymer, wherein the monomer charge comprises isobutylene and the organic peroxy compound is charge in an amount of from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.sup.-1 moles per mole of the isobutylene. In a preferred embodiment, the monomer charge additionally comprises vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. The invention also provides a novel catalyst system comprising an organic peroxy compound and a Lewis acid for the polymerization of isobutylene or monomer mixtures containing isobutylene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymers (PHEMA) by a precipitation/suspension polymerization technique wherein a reaction mixture comprising hydroxyethyl methacrylate monomer (HEMA), solvent, and a free-radical initiator is subjected to heating for a time adequate for said PHEMA to be formed. The improvement in process of the present invention comprises restricting said HEMA to contain less than about 0.5 wt-% polyfunctional acrylate content, incorporating a suspending agent in said reaction mixture, agitating said reaction mixture during said heating, and restricting said solvent to one having a solubility parameter of between about 7.5 and 9, to produce PHEMA polymer particles ranging in size from about 30 to 1,000 microns and having a molecular weight ranging from about 500,000 to 2,000,000.

Abstract: Slightly crosslinked, water-soluble polymaleic acid which is obtainable by polymerization of maleic anhydride with from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C. in the presence of from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of a peroxyester, and hydrolysis of the polymer to give slightly crosslinked polymaleic acid having a Fikentscher K value of from 8 to 20 (measured at 20.degree. C. in 5% strength aqueous solution at pH 7 as the Na salt), a process for the preparation of slightly crosslinked polymaleic acid, and its use as a water treatment agent for reducing boiler scale and hard water deposits in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel peroxy esters carrying a t-alkenyl, e.g. 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl, peroxy group. These peroxy esters have shorter half-life periods of decomposition and are more reactive polymerization initiators and unsaturated polyester resin curing agents than the corresponding prior art peroxy esters carrying a t-alkyl, e.g. t-amyl, peroxy group.

Abstract: Slightly crosslinked, water-soluble polymaleic acid which is obtainable by polymerization of maleic anyhdride with from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60 to 200.degree. C. in the presence of from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of a peroxyester, and hydrolysis of the polymer to give slightly crosslinked polymaleic acid having a Fikentscher K value of from 8 to 20 (measured at 20.degree. C. in 5% strength aqueous solution at pH 7 as the Na salt), a process for the preparation of slightly cross-linked polymaleic acid, and its use as a water treatment agent for reducing boiler scale and hard water deposits in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymaleic acid by polymerizing maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C., using from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of peroxyesters derived from saturated or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, as the polymerization initiators and hydrolyzing the polymer, the polymaleic acid thus obtained and the use of the polymaleic acid as an agent for reducing scale formation and hard water deposits in systems through which water flows.

Abstract: A vinyl chloride copolymer is produced by copolymerizing vinyl chloride monomer or a monomer mixture comoposed of vinyl chloride monomer and copolymerizable monomer, with one or more than one kind of cross-linking agent selected from polyhydric alcohol diglycidyl ether diacrylate and dimethacrylate. The vinyl chloride copolymer has good moldability and can be made into moldings having good matte finish surface and also good permanent compression set resistance, creep resistance, heat resistance, and electrical properties.

Abstract: Substitutes for optical glasses are obtained by submitting to polymerization, in the presence of a free-radical initiator and in bulk, a polymerizable liquid composition containing:a monomer of diethyleneglycol bis(allylcarbonate);oligomers of diethyleneglycol bis(alllycarbonate);a monomer of tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(allylcarbonate); andat least one free-radical initiator.

Abstract: A process is provided for the free radical polymerization of monomers derived from substituted or unsubstituted acrylic acid/methacrylic acid and esters thereof for the production of a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution and an average molecular weight of less than 4000. These polymers are produced by the solution polymerizing of said monomers wherein 20-40% by weight of the monomer composition is hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate in the presence of a solvent system suitable for high solids coating applications and in the presence of an initiating amount of a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide and/or its derivatives having at least 5 carbons wherein the initiator and monomers, alone or in combination, are added continuously at a programmed rate wherein the rate of addition corresponds approximately to the rate of decomposition of said monomer and initiator. These polymers are used for high solids coating applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel peroxy esters carrying a t-alkenyl, e.g. 2-methyl-3-butene-2-yl, peroxy group. These peroxy esters have shorter half-life periods of decomposition and are more reactive polymerization initiators and unsaturated polyester resin curing agents than the corresponding prior art peroxy esters carrying a t-alkyl, e.g. t-amyl, peroxy group.

Abstract: A specialized polymeric peroxide is copolymerized with vinyl type monomers in the presence of organic liquid, thereby obtaining a solution of a copolymer having peroxy bonds therein.This solution is admixed with vinyl type monomers which are different in composition from the ones used in the first copolymerization, and the resultant mixture is subjected to block copolymerization.The obtained block copolymer solution is admixed with an organic liquid which exert solubility to one of polymers of the vinyl type monomers which are employed in the first or second copolymerization, whereby a non aqueous system liquid dispersion is obtained.This dispersion contains a block copolymer in a high concentration and it also is splendid in uniformity of dispersion and dispersion stability.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising specific groups represented by the general formula: ##STR1## and specific peroxycarbonate structural units represented by the general formula: ##STR2## is produced by a method which comprises causing a compound of the formula: ##STR3## to react with a compound of the formula: ##STR4##

Abstract: Hydroxy-t-akyl peroxyesters having the general structure ##STR1## where R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be alkyl moieties and having 10 hour half-life temperatures below about 75.degree. C. (for example, 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate) are used as initiators for vinyl monomer polymerization and as catalysts for curing unsaturated polyester resins in order to improve the efficiency of the systems.

Abstract: A molding composition is provided comprising aromatic vinyl ether and maleimide. The cured composition exhibits high heat distortion temperatures and is easily processed into finished products with or without a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.-methylstyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer by suspension or bulk polymerization of .alpha.-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile with at least one member selected from the group consisting of styrene, chlorostyrene, para-methylstyrene, t-butylstyrene, acrylic ester and methacrylic ester in the presence of a difunctional organic peroxide having a 10 hour half-life temperature of 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. and capable of producing a t-butyl radical, at a polymerization temperature of 80.degree. to 135.degree. C. The process produces the copolymers having excellent transparency, heat resistance and strength in a high conversion in a short time.

Abstract: A diacyl peroxide composition comprising 10 to 60 parts by weight of peroxide which comprises dibenzoyl peroxide, either di-m-toluoyl peroxide, or di-o-toluoyl peroxide or m-toluoyl o-toluoyl peroxide and either benzoyl m-toluoyl peroxide or benzoyl o-toluoyl peroxide and 90 to 40 parts by weight of a solvent which dissolves the diacyl peroxides does not cause the deposition of the solid matters when kept below 5.degree. C., the phase separation nor the storage degradation for a long term and can be stored for a long time.The composition usually has peroxide components which are suitable for use in place of benzoyl peroxide and excellent in the handling and the workability.

Abstract: t-Alkyl peroxy-2-alkyl-2-arylacetates having the general structure A, ##STR1## are used in an improved process for polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as ethylene and vinyl chloride, and for curing of unsaturated polyester resin compositions.

Abstract: An industrially highly valuable novel polymeric diacyl peroxide which is used as a polymerization initiator for free radical polymerization of vinyl monomer, and which is appreciably safe in production and handling, rapidly soluble in vinyl monomer with high solubility, and has exceedingly high catalyst efficiency in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) using as initiator a diester of monoperoxyoxalic acid. The initiators are highly active and the process provides a method for the efficient polymerization of VCM at lower temperatures and/or for shorter reaction times than can be achieved with the current commercially available catalysts.

Abstract: An adhesive composition, capable of functioning either aerobically or anaerobically, includes an acrylate monomer and a suitable elastomeric filler, together with an aromatic perester catalyst and a dibasic acid capable of cyclic tautomerism.

Abstract: A safe, dry and free-flowing solid peroxide/unsubstituted or alkyl substituted benzoic acid composition is prepared by mixing the solid peroxide, such as diacyl peroxide, dialkyl peroxydicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide or alkylidene diperoxide, which melts above 30.degree. C., with solid benozic acid or an alkyl substituted benzoic acid, which melts above 40.degree. C. This solid peroxide composition is used as an initiator for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as styrene, and for curing of unsaturated polyester resins and diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate). This solid peroxide composition exhibits improved safety characteristics such as delayed ignition times when in contact with a flame and increased thermal stabilities compared to similar prior art peroxide formulations.

Abstract: Stable aqueous dispersions of free radical-generating polymerization initiators that are solid at temperatures above 0.degree. C. are prepared safely and efficiently by homogenizing a suspension of the initiator in an aqueous system that contains small amounts of a suspending agent and a wetting agent.

Abstract: A methacrylic resin having a high solar radiant energy absorbing property wherein an organic compound (A) containing cupric ion and a compound (B) having at least one P-O-H bond in a molecule are contained into the methacrylic resin selected from poly(methyl methacrylate) or methacrylic polymers containing at least 50% by weight of a methyl methacrylate unit. A process for producing said methacrylic resin is also disclosed.

Abstract: Ion exchange resins having improved physical stability and perfect bead count are prepared by a free-radical catalyzed polymerization of a monomer mixture utilizing certain peroxyester and peroxydicarbonate catalysts, followed by functionalizing the so prepared polymer.

Abstract: Styrene-acrylic acid or styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers having improved physical properties are prepared by the solution copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid at a temperature between 110.degree. and 150.degree. C. in the presence of certain tertiary butyl peroxides.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a polyfunctional monomer (a) having at least 3 (meth)acryloyloxy groups, a (meth)acrylic acid mono or diester of polyethyleneglycol (b), a sulfonic acid (c), a phosphoric acid ester (d), an ethanolamine (e), organic solvent, and a photosensitizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing prepolymers based on vinyl monomers such as methacrylic acid esters, or a mixture of esters of methacrylic and acrylic acids, or styrene, or a mixture of styrene with methacrylic acid esters. The method consists in conducting mass polymerization of said vinyl monomers at a temperature of 90.degree. to 160.degree. C. in air, or in oxygen-enriched air, or in an inert gas medium in the presence of an initiating system. The system is made of a mixture consisting of:(1) peresters of the general formula ##STR1## where R is aryl, alkyl, isoalkyl, methyl carbitol, phenyl carbitol or benzyl carbitol in an amount of 0.05-0.3 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer and(2) the following components:(a) sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer, or(b) esters of sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt.

Abstract: An improved method for the polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride in an aqueous polymerization medium is proposed in which a water-insoluble polymerization initiator, being solid at room temperature as dispersed in the aqueous medium and having a particle size distribution of 50 .mu.m or finer, is added to the polymerization mixture which is maintained at a temperature where the half-life period of the initiator is 120 minutes or longer or, alternatively, over a duration equal to or shorter than one-tenth of the half-life period of the initiator at the temperature of the polymerization mixture. By this method the polymerization can be homogeneously proceeded to produce vinyl chloride polymers having a uniform particle size distribution, excellent heat stability and much less fish-eyes when fabricated into sheets.

Abstract: Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate/acrylate (or other vinyl monomer) copolymers of controlled low molecular weight are produced by copolymerizing the monomers with initiators, usually peroxides, at temperatures above 120.degree. C. The copolymers are particularly useful as curing agents for urethane coating compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers and copolymers of pivaloyloxyalkyl methacrylates which contain structural units of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n.sbsb.1 --O (n.sub.1 =2 to 10) or (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n.sbsb.2 (n.sub.2 =1 to 4) and to the method of their preparation and modification. The polymerization and copolymerization can be initiated by free-radical initiators of the peroxy type or by anionic initiators, e.g., alkali metal alkoxides or butyllithium, and carried out in a solution, bulk or suspension process in the presence of a crosslinking agent or without it. Anionic polymerization may result in stereoregular polymers or may be used for preparation of block copolymers by the "living" polymer technique. The polymers and copolymers can be modified by the partial or total conversion of the pivaloyloxyalkyl methacrylate units into hydroxyalkyl methacrylate units by selective hydrolysis, alcoholysis or other reaction.

Abstract: A polymer having as a component thereof a moiety corresponding to a monomer having the following formula ##STR1## wherein n=0 or 1, X is bromine, chlorine or a mixture thereof and R represents hydrogen or methyl, a method of preparing the same and the use of such a polymer, including a copolymer thereof in a plastic composition containing a normally flammable plastic.

Abstract: A rapid curing polybutadiene resin system dielectric coating composition suitable for coating electrical components such as thin film resistors is disclosed. This composition cures very rapidly and greatly improves adhesion to the coated article.

Abstract: Compounds containing peroxy linkages connecting similar polyol ester constituents are described. These peroxy di-ester polyols are prepared by the direct esterification of peroxy diacids with polyols, in the presence of a strong mineral acid catalyst. The peroxy di-ester polyol products function as free radical initiators and grafting bases in the graft copolymerization of unsaturated monomers with polyols. These graft copolymers are useful in the formulation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Polymers containing laterally substituted isocyanate groups, prepared from acyl azide monomers and at least one other vinyl monomer, and their preparation are provided. Utilization of the acyl azide monomers avoids the problems in handling and storage of the moisture sensitive and toxic isocyanate monomers.

Abstract: Acrylic polymerization systems having improved thermal stability are disclosed comprising an acrylic monomer binder, a diacyl peroxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of p-t-butylbenzoyl peroxide, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl peroxide, and p-methylbenzoyl peroxide, and an amine accelerator for said catalyst. Several of the diacyl peroxide catalysts of the invention are novel.