Abstract: Photodegradable polymers comprising B-alkoxy substituted vinyl ketone functionality and thermoplastic articles formed therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to poly(aryl indane) polymers.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and lubricants.

Abstract: A process to polymerize alkoxystyrenes utilizing a zeolite as the initiator is provided. Polymers of p-methoxystyrene having number average molecular weights in excess of 1.times.10.sup.6 are prepared by room temperature polymerization. The invention also provides a high molecular weight polymer of alkoxystyrenes which has a broad molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A method of preparing styrene derivative polymers is provided. The process utilizes as a catalyst an iodine containing electrophile and a zeolite. The styrene derivatives cationically polymerize to polymers without the need for heavy metal initiators. The styrene derivatives may be copolymerized with vinyl ethers to form random or block copolymers. Preferred styrene derivatives include styrene and methoxystyrenes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymeric particles which comprises mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until partial polymerization results; dispersing the aforementioned partially polymerized monomer product in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles in water and polymerizing the resulting suspension.

Abstract: Curable mixtures containing(a) an aromatic bismaleimide of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and each is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently of the other a hydrogen or halogen atom, and (a) a propenyl compound of formula II ##STR2## wherein m and n are each independently of the other 1 or 2, Z is a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, and A is a radical of formula IIa, IIb or IIc ##STR3## wherein D is --SO.sub.2 -- or --CO-- or is a radical of formula ##STR4## wherein X and X.sub.1 are each independently of the other --CO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --O--, and p is 0 or 1, E is phenylene or a radical of formula V ##STR5## wherein G is ##STR6## and q is 0 or 1, are readily processable, well suited for the preparation of prepregs or fibre-reinforced composites, and give mouldings having excellent fracture toughness.

Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers. An invention polymer exhibits nonlinear optical response, and has utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: An acrylic rubber obtainable by copolymerizing a monomer mixture of:(A) 70 to 99.99% by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates and alkoxyalkyl acrylates,(B) 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X is a hydrogen atom, --COOR.sup.6 (R.sup.6 is an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2-14 carbon atoms), or ##STR2## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen atoms or groups having 1-10 carbon atoms whose carbon atom adjacent to C.dbd.C has no hydrogen; R.sup.5 is a group having 1-10 carbon atoms whose carbon atom adjacent to C.dbd.C has no hydrogen; Y is ##STR3## or --O--; and n is 1 or 0, and (C) 0-20% by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of other unsaturated compounds of the vinyl type, vinylidene type and vinylene type, in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Cured resins of high fracture toughness are prepared from N,N'-bisimides of formula I ##STR1## and alkenyl compounds of formula IID(G).sub.m IIin which D is an m-valent group and G represents a phenyl ring having at least one alkenyl (e.g. allyl or 1-propenyl) substituent.

Abstract: Copolymers produced from 0.5-20% by weight mono-, bis- or trismethylolphenyl allyl ether (I) of formula: ##STR1## n being from 1 to 3, and from 80-99.5 % by weight ethylenic monomers, at least one being a (meth)acrylic monomer are useful in the preparation of coatings, particularly in the field of paints, varnishes, inks and adhesives. Radical polymerization is employed with different stages of polymerization.

Abstract: Novel alternate copolymers consisting of isopentenyl compounds having a specific structure and certain types of unsaturated compounds are provided.

Abstract: Cured resins of high fracture toughness are prepared from N,N'-bisimides of formula I ##STR1## and alkenyl compounds of formula IID(G).sub.m IIin which D is an m-valent group and G represents a phenyl ring having at least one alkenyl (e.g. allyl or 1-propenyl) substituent.

Abstract: Adhesive compositions with thermoreversible crosslinking resulting from the reaction of a divinyl ether having the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--O--R--O--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, R being aliphatic, armomatic or cycloaliphatic, with a copolymer resulting from the copolymerization of an olefin with an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and, optionally, an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, the proportion being 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of the divinyl ether to 99.9 to 95 percent by weight of the copolymer.

Abstract: A cationic ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ether ("CE") in conjunction with an unsaturated alcohol (propagator) having a styryl or substituted styryl group, produces a polyether macromer having the styryl group near one end and a hydroxyl group at the other. The polymerization proceeds by polyaddition of the CE to the OH group which is the propagating species. The CE is an alkylene oxide or an aliphatic or aromatic glycidyl ether; the propagator is a primary or secondary alcohol. The catalyst is a Friedel-Crafts acid, strong protic organic or inorganic acid, oxonium salt, or the like. Plural cyclic ethers may be (a) sequentially polymerized to form macromer block copolyethers, or, (b) polymerized randomly to form macromer copolyether copolymers. The cationically ring-opened macromer formed always contains a trace of a cyclic oligomer of the CE.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting .alpha.,.omega.-bis(2,6-dimethylphenol)poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) ("PPO--2OH" for brevity), and the corresponding thiophenol-poly(phenylene sulfide) ("PPS--2SH"), by the oxidative copolymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) with 2,2'-di)4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl propane ("TMBPA"), or, of 2,6-dimethylthiophenol (DMTP) with 2,2-di(4-thiol-3,5-dimethylthiophenyl propane ("TMBTPA") respectively. Specifically, a mixture of water-methanol or chlorobenzene-methanol is used as the medium in which the reaction of DMP with TMBPA is carried out. By using a particular range of ratios of DMP to TMBPA and different solvent mixtures, the molecular weight of the PPO--2OH is tailored to be in the range from about 1000 to about 5000.

Abstract: A non-catalytic process converts oligomers of polyarylene polyethers (PAPE) having a mol wt Mn in the range from 1000 to about 10,000 to difunctionalized oligomers so as, in the first instance, to provide a reactive double bond (for example, a vinylbenzyl group) at each end of the PAPE; and, in the second instance to provide a triple bond (benzylethynyl group) at each end of the PAPE. The solubility of intermediate bisphenolates of (i) a dihydric phenol, and of (ii) the PAPE oligomer in particular solvents which allow (a) water of reaction to be removed without being degraded, and (b) essentially complete end-capping of the oligomer chains with vinyl chain ends, are the keys to the novel process. The PAPE most preferably has a repeating unit which is the residuum of two dihydric phenols or thiophenols ("DHP") linked through a C.dbd.O, --S--S--, or --SO.sub.2 - group, or a Si or C atom, and/or ether O, or thioether S atoms.

Abstract: A controlled-release, drug-delivery composition which comprises (A) a crosslinked copolymer, capable of swelling in ethanol to give a swollen copolymer containing at least 40% by weight of ethanol, and capable of swelling in water to give a swollen copolymer containing no more than 20% by weight of water, where the swelling ratio (% ethanol: % water) is 2:1 to 22:1, which comprises the copolymerization product of (a) 50 to 99% by weight of said copolymer of a water-insoluble monoolefinic monomer or (a) with 0 to 45% by weight of total monomers of a water-soluble monoolefinic monomer, with (b) 50 to 1% by weight, but not more than 20 mol % of a divinyl or polyvinyl crosslinking agent; and (B) an effective amount of a pharmaceutical medicament is useful for the controlled and prolonged release of drugs when taken orally.

Abstract: A process is described that results in the production of a hydrophilic air-drying polymer system suitable for increasing the inter-fiber bonding in a fibrous substrate material. The process comprises passing air through a monomer maintained at a temperature below about 30.degree. C., said monomer having at least two activated unsaturations, until a desired viscosity increase has been achieved.

Abstract: A water-insoluble hydrophilic gel comprising: (A) about 30 to about 90% of a hydrophilic (a) polymer of identical or different watersoluble mono-olefinic monomers, or (b) copolymer of said watersoluble monomers with 1 to 70% of water-insoluble, identical or different mono-olefinic monomers, which polymer or copolymer is cross-linked with (B) about 10 to about 70% of a terminal diolefinic hydrophobic macromer having a molecular weight from about 400 to about 8000.

Abstract: A method for producing a vinyl chloride resin comprising 10 to 80% by weight of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble vinyl chloride resin gel fraction and the balance of tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction with an average polymerization degree of 1,000 or more, characterized in that vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of a major amount of vinyl chloride and a minor amount of at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith is polymerized at a temperature of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. in the presence of at least one polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenic double bonds in the molecule until the whole monomer or monomers in the polymerization system are substantially polymerized. The thus obtained vinyl chloride resin is excellent in processability and capable of forming a molded article having a small compression permanent set.

Abstract: A water-insoluble hydrophilic gel comprising: (A) about 30 to about 90% of a hydrophilic (a) polymer of identical or different water-soluble mono-olefinic monomers, or (b) copolymer of said water-soluble monomers with 1 to 70% of water-insoluble, identical or different mono-olefinic monomers, which polymer or copolymer is cross-linked with (B) about 10 to about 70% of a terminal diolefinic hydrophobic macromer having a molecular weight from about 400 to about 8000.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyol compounds containing alkenyl aryl constituents are described. These unsaturated polyols are prepared by reacting a polyol with an aromatic derivative including both an alkenyl constituent and a second functionality reactive with a polyol. The resulting unsaturated polyols feature an alkenyl aryl constituent which enhances polyol receptivity for graft copolymerization with vinyl monomers. The aryl constituent along with multiple hydroxyl groups of the polyol render these polyols particularly suitable for polyurethane end uses.

Abstract: The process of continuously polymerizing acrylonitrile and other non-acidic mono-olefinic monomers with small amounts of certain acidic mono-olefinic monomers copolymerizable with acrylonitrile wherein the acrylonitrile and other non-acidic mono-olefinic monomers are continuously charged to a reactor and the acidic monomer is fed to the reactor in increments and in cycles, with a tall amount in a given cycle of 0.5 to 5 weight percent of the acidic monomer, based on total monomer weight fed in the cycle, being fed to the reactor during each cycle. Each cycle is made up of two time periods, with at least 65 percent of the acidic monomer being fed during the first time period and up to 35 percent being fed during the second time period. Preferably, all of the acidic monomer is fed to the reactor in the first time period. The first time period of the cycle is 5 to 25 percent of the second time period and the sum of first and second time periods, or cycle time, is about 15 to 25 percent of the reactor dwell time.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing a transparent polymeric product free from strain and bubbles and having improved physical and chemical properties. The product can be produced from a bis-allylcarbonate-based monomer mixture by cast polymerization for extremely shortened polymerization time.

Abstract: A vulcanizable polyacrylate elastomer composition having improved resistance to hydrocarbon oils is provided which comprises one or more lower alkyl acrylic acid ester monomers polymerized with a comonomer containing either a halogen or an epoxy group, in the presence of from about 0.25 to 10 percent, by weight of total monomer, of a low molecular weight, unsaturated polymer of butadiene or isoprene or copolymers thereof with styrene or acrylonitrile. In addition, a process for preparing such elastomer compositions is also provided, together with the vulcanization of such elastomers and the resulting vulcanized polyacrylate.

Abstract: Diisoprenyl ether added to an alkadiene/monovinyl arene emulsion polymerization mixture increases the Mooney viscosity of a polymer.

Abstract: Process for polymerization and copolymerization of momo-olefinic monomers, such as isobutylene, either with one another or with dienes, catalyzed by tetravalent metal halides, and initiated or accelerated by the action of ultraviolet, visible or infrared light. The polymerization or copolymerization can be affected with or without solvent. Suitable solvents are aliphatic, aromatic or halogenated hydrocarbons. The polymerization is carried out at a temperature in a range of from about -140.degree. C. to about +30.degree. C.

Abstract: Vinyl halide homopolymers, copolymers and graft polymers of substantially lower molecular weight are obtained when polymerization is carried out in the presence of an organotin mercaptide ester and an organic azo initiator. The products are faster fusing and have lower melt viscosities than corresponding polymers of the same molecular weight prepared by high temperature molecular weight reduction methods. The low molecular weight and excellent fusion characteristics of the products render these polymers particularly useful in molding, extrusion, and coating applications.

Abstract: There are prepared reaction products of a. 4,4-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexene compounds of the formula ##EQU1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, methyl or phenyl and there is also present either (1) X as the bridging member methylene or ethylene or (2) X is absent and there are present both R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are hydrogen, methyl or phenyl with (b) sulfur. The compounds are useful in cross-linking vulcanizable elastomers.

Abstract: Nonionic water soluble thickening agents are prepared by copolymerizing about 1 to 5 mole percent of a vinyl benzyl ether having the formula ##SPC1##And the balance to make 100 mole percent of acrylamide.

Abstract: Latex compositions comprising carboxylated styrene-butadiene-vinylidene chloride copolymer latices wherein the latex consists essentially of 15 to 45% styrene, 25 to 50% butadiene, 25 to 40% vinylidene chloride and 0.5 to 10% copolymerizable carboxylic acid and a flame retardant additive exhibit improved flame retardant properties for use in carpet and floor covering applications.

Abstract: Certain elastomers may be adhered to a large number of solid surfaces by incorporating into such elastomers hexahydro-s-triazines having the formula: ##EQU1## R is either the radical CH.sub.2 =CH-- or CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3).

Abstract: Water-soluble acidic polyesters are prepared by reacting a hydroxy polycarboxylic acid, such as citric acid, with an alkylene oxide, such as propylene oxide, an alkylene glycol, or styrene oxide and polyesterifying to an acid number of about theoretical to about 25% above theoretical. A thermosetting coating comprises the acidic polyester and a conventional aminoplast in an aqueous vehicle. When the coating is applied to a substrate, such as label stock, and is thermoset, a durable high gloss varnish is produced.