Abstract: Method for preparing melamine from urea via a high-pressure process in which solid melamine is obtained by transferring the melamine melt coming from the reactor to a vessel where the melamine melt is cooled with an evaporating cooling medium. The melamine melt comes from the melamine reactor at a temperature between the melting point of melamine and 450° C. and is sprayed into a cooling vessel, via spraying means, and cooled by means of an evaporating cooling medium to form melamine powder. The cooling vessel has an ammonia environment with an increased ammonia pressure. The melamine melt is thereby converted into melamine powder having a temperature of between 200° C. and the solidification point of melamine. The melamine powder is then cooled to a temperature below 200° C. with the powder mechanically agitated and being cooled directly or indirectly, after which the ammonia pressure is released and, if necessary, the melamine powder is cooled further.

Abstract: A novolak-type phenol resin with less unreacted phenol and a narrow molecular weight distribution is produced in high yield by reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde using an organophosphonic acid as a catalyst, while keeping a water concentration of reaction system at not more than 30% by weight and a reaction temperature at 110° C.-200° C.

Abstract: A process for forming a phenol formaldehyde resin, the process comprising the steps of: (i) reacting phenol with an excess of a formaldehyde material in the presence of an acid or base catalyst until water separates from the reactants as an immiscible layer; (ii) adding a mixture comprising an excess of polyhydric alcohol and an aromatic dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid, salt or anhydride thereof to the phenol and formaldehyde reaction mixture followed by addition of an alpha hydroxy acid; (iii) adding a non-aqueous solvent, wherein at least some of said water is removed either before addition of the mixture preparated in step (ii) or after addition of the alpha hydroxy acid; (iv) preparing a solution comprising a Lewis acid, a polyhydric alcohol, an alpha hydroxy acid, a non-aqueous solvent, an aromatic sulphonic acid and sulphuric or hydrochloric acid; (v) adding the solution formed in step (iv) to the mixture formed in step (ii) and allowing the mixture to cure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin containing in the backbone chain a structural unit represented by the following Formula (I) or (II), as a novel phenolic resin having a high Tg, a low moisture absorption, a low molding shrinkage, high adhesive properties and high flow properties. The present invention also provides a resin composition and a molding material each containing the above resin, and an electronic component device having a device element encapsulated with it.

Abstract: Arylamines with electron donating groups such as alkyl and alkoxy groups in the meta position on the aromatic ring change the polymerization temperature of the benzoxazine prepared therefrom and offer an opportunity for an additional crosslinking site (the para position on the aromatic amine can couple to a Mannich base generated by the opening of the oxazine ring of the benzoxazine or a methylene bridge generated by a degradation reaction). Naphthenic amines with an alkyl or alkoxy substituent on the 5.sup.th through the 8.sup.th carbon atom on the naphthalene ring can function similarly. The polymers for benzoxazines prepared from at least 10% substituted aromatic or naphthenic amines are useful due to low polymerization temperatures and higher Tg (glass transition temperature).

Abstract: A process for producing a polyoxymethylene using a reactor having a discharging port having a weir, which process comprises introducing trioxane or a mixture of trioxane and a compound reactive therewith into the reactor from its feeding port and continuously recovering the powdery polyoxymethylene formed, from said discharging port having a weir. Owing to the presence of the weir, the residence time of reaction mixture in reactor is long, making high the conversion of the monomer.

Abstract: A water-reducible binder for coatings comprises the reaction products of a) a phenolic resin comprising the reaction product of bisphenol A, t-butyl phenol and formaldehyde; b) an alkylene carbonate alkoxylating agent; c) a diol selected form the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 3,5,5-trimethylpentane diol and neopentyl glycol; and d) trimellitic anhydride. Methods for preparing such a water-reducible binder and coating systems comprising such a binder are also disclosed.

Abstract: Rigid-rod and segmented rigid-rod polymers, methods for preparing the polymers and useful articles incorporating the polymers are provided. The polymers incorporate rigid-rod backbones with pendant solubilizing groups attached thereto for rendering the polymers soluble.

Abstract: Polymeric Mannich base condensates useful as fuel and lubricant additives. The polymeric Mannich base additives are the reaction products of poly (alpha-olefin/unsaturated acidic reactants) with Mannich base adducts of alkyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to offer novolak type phenolic resins which use phenols and aldehydes as raw materials and give narrow molecular weight distributions.The novolak type phenolic resins of the present invention are those obtained by condensation reaction of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of an oxycarboxylic acid having carboxyl groups, --COOH, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, --OH, in one molecule. Thus obtained novolak type phenolic resins show narrow molecular weight distributions, lower viscosity in molten state and, as a consequence, uniformity in curing time.

Abstract: Provided is a high-molecular weight high-ortho novolak type phenolic resin excellent in handleability, heat resistance characteristics, curability and electric characteristics suitable for various uses and superior in balance of properties. This high-molecular weight high-ortho novolak type phenolic resin is a condensate of a trifunctional phenol compound with an aldehyde compound, is soluble in solvents, has a weight-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more calculated by polystyrene standard, has methylene bonds at ortho-ortho position in respect to phenolic hydroxyl group in an amount of 55% or more based on total methylene bonds, and has an extraction water electric conductivity of 10 .mu.S/cm or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a film forming, fractionated novolak resin having consistent molecular weight and superior performance in photoresist composition, by isolating such novolak resin fractions without high temperature distillation. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition from such a fractionated novolak resin and for producing semiconductor devices using such a photoresist composition.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to offer novolak type phenolic resins which use phenols and aldehydes as raw materials and give narrow molecular weight distributions.The novolak type phenolic resins of the present invention are those obtained by condensation reaction of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of an oxycarboxylic acid having carboxyl groups, --COOH, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, --OH, in one molecule. Thus, obtained novolak type phenolic resins show narrow molecular weight distributions, lower viscosity in molten state and, as a consequence, uniformity in curing time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a film forming, fractionated novolak resin having consistent molecular weight and superior performance in photoresist composition, by isolating such novolak resin fractions without high temperature distillation. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition from such a fractionated novolak resin and for producing semiconductor devices using such a photoresist composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing benzylic ether phenolic resole resins in a sealed reaction vessel. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins are prepared by heating phenol and an aldehyde in a sealed reaction vessel in the presence of a divalent metal catalyst without removing water generated by the reaction until an appropriate endpoint for the resin is reached. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins produced by the process are preferably free or essentially free of unreacted formaldehyde and can be used in the resin component of phenolic-urethane foundry binders to make foundry cores and/or molds by the cold-box and no-bake processes. The cores and/or molds are used for making metal castings.

Abstract: A water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resin, process for producing such a novolak resin, a photoresist containing such a novolak resin, and a method for producing a semiconductor device, wherein the resin is isolated by sub surface forced steam distillation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the production of hopper feedable thermoplastic pellets having zones or compartments which contain physically separated reactants which react only after being melt-mixed, as in a screw type extruder, reciproscrew injection machine, or similar device which heat forms pellets into a larger mass. This new class of thermoplastic molding materials relies mainly on the relatively slow reaction kinetics of contained large molecule molding materials to provide a time interval after melt-mixing of zoned pelletized reactants in an extruder barrel or injection molding machine. During this time period, the thermoplastic molding material is easily filled into injection molds. As the reaction progresses, the material becomes more viscous and such flow is difficult or impossible. The involved reactions may continue after demolding at room temperature during a post molding cure, or appliance service generated heat may cause post molding cure.

Abstract: A two-part adhesive is provided wherein the first part comprises a stable aqueous alkaline monohydroxylic phenolic resole resin solution containing a methylene donor such as oxazolidine or a methylolurea and the second part comprises a stable resorcinolic resin precondensate having a shortage of formaldehyde and optionally containing a catalyst such as an ester functional compound for the resole resin. The resin in each part exhibits viscosity stability of an unmodified resin until mixed with the other part wherein the methylene donor, of the first part catalyzes the resorcinolic resin of the second part and the catalyst, when used, of the second part catalyzes the monohydroxylic phenolic resole resin of the first part. The adhesive finds utility in the production of structural lignocellulosic panels.

Abstract: Cyclic acetal derivative of a resole includes the reaction product of an ortho resole compound with a carbonyl compound or a carbonyl compound derivative. The cyclic acetal derivatives of phenolic resole compounds exhibit enhanced storage stability and can be readily activated at elevated temperatures to prepare phenolic based adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resins having consistent molecular weight and a very low level of metal ions, utilizing a solid acid condensation catalyst. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from such novolak resins and for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A liquid binding agent comprised of a phenolic resin, thinning agents and a curing agent, characterized in that the phenolic resin is produced by condensation catalyzed under alkaline conditions of a phenol and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of phenolic compound to formaldehyde in the range of 1:0.05 to 1.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising a quinonediazide compound and a binder resin, wherein said resin is a resin obtained by condensing a phenol component comprising the following (1) to (3), and an aldehyde or a ketone, and X.gtoreq.0.57, where X=A/B, where A is an integrated value of peaks from 23.0 to 31.0 ppm, and B is an integrated value of peaks from 23.0 to 37.0 ppm, in the .sup.

Abstract: A process for producing an oil soluble interpolymer polymer of 1,2-alkylenediamine such as N-ethyl ethylenediamine, aldehyde-provider such as formaldehyde, and ortho-unsubstituted hydroxyaromatics such as 4-polyalkylene phenol is disclosed. The decyclized Mannich Base monomer units provide a higher viscosity material which is suitably substituted with a long chain hydrocarbyl para substituent such as polyisobutylene or ethylene/alpha-olefin polymer. Various ortho-substituted hydroxyaromatics such as o-cresol may be used to control the degree of polymerization. The polymers are useful as dispersants or other lubricant additives.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the production of hopper feedable thermoplastic pellets having zones or compartments which contain physically separated reactants which react only after being melt-mixed, as in a screw type extruder, reciproscrew injection machine, or similar device which heat forms pellets into a larger mass. This new class of thermoplastic molding materials relies mainly on the relatively slow reaction kinetics of contained large molecule molding materials to provide a time interval after melt-mixing of zoned pelletized reactants in an extruder barrel or inflection molding machine. During this time period, the thermoplastic molding material is easily filled into injection molds. As the reaction progresses, the material becomes more viscous and such flow is difficult or impossible. The involved reactions may continue after demolding at room temperature during a post molding cure, or appliance service generated heat may cause post molding cure.

Abstract: A process for preparing ashless and low-ash phenolic resole resins having no amine odor, and a process for preparing storage-stable mixtures or premix solutions of phenol-formaldehyde resin and urea or unrea-formaldehyde resins. These processes react phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an effective catalytic amount of a low-volatile and strongly basic tertiary amino alcohol either alone or in combination with an inorganic base.

Abstract: A process for producing an oil soluble interpolymer polymer of 1,2-alkylenediamine such as N-ethyl ethylenediamine, aldehyde-provider such as formaldehyde, and ortho-unsubstituted hydroxyaromatics such as 4-polyalkylene phenol is disclosed. The decyclized Mannich Base monomer units provide a higher viscosity material which is suitably substituted with a long chain hydrocarbyl para substituent such as polyisobutylene or ethylene/alpha-olefin polymer. Various ortho-substituted hydroxyaromatics such as o-cresol may be used to control the degree of polymerization. The polymers are useful as dispersants or other lubricant additives.

Abstract: Proposed is an improved positive-working photoresist composition for use in the photolithographic patterning works for the manufacture of semiconductor devices, which is capable of giving a patterned resist layer on a substrate surface having excellent resolution and heat resistance without formation of scum in the development treatment. The photoresist composition comprises: (a) an alkali-soluble novolac resin as a film-forming ingredient and (b) a naphthoquinone diazide group-containing compound as a photosensitizing ingredient, of which the novolac resin is a condensation product of a phenolic compound and an aldehyde compound, the condensation reaction being undertaken in a solvent system containing, in addition to water, .gamma.-butyrolactone or a combination of .gamma.-butyrolactone and a propyleneglycol monoalkyl ether in a limited proportion.

Abstract: Curable furan resins modified with phenolic resins for use as binders for cements and coating compositions having improved thermal stability, processes for their preparation and their use.Preparation of curable furan resins modified with phenolic resins based on condensation products of alkylidenepolyphenols of the novolak type with furfuryl alcohol or mixtures thereof with other reactive furan derivatives, furthermore curable solutions thereof in reactive organic solvents, processes for their preparation and their use as binders having improved thermal stability for preparing self-curing, chemically resistant and high-temperature-resistant cements and coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resins having a very low level of metal ions, utilizing treated ion exchange resins. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from such novolak resins and for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a polyamide composition containing, in reference to the polyamide composition 0.1 to 1 wt. % terephthaldialdehyde and/or its acetals of C.sub.1 --C.sub.4 alcohols and optionally 3 to 30 wt. % melamine and/or melamine cyanurate as well as a process for the production of the polyamide, a process to increase the shock resistance, notched impact resistance and viscosity of flameproof, halogen-free polyamides, and a process to increase the mass of such polyamides.

Abstract: What is disclosed an aromatic oligoimine having a recurring unit composed of an aromatic dialdehyde having a phenolic hydroxyl group and an aromatic diamine and a number-average degree of polymerization of 2 to 20 and a process for preparing the same, and an aromatic polyimine made by thermally dehydrating the aromatic oligoimine and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: A naphthol-modified phenolic resin having low softening point and good flowability is obtained by allowing a naphthol and a phenol to react with an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst at 60 to 110.degree. C. to obtain a primary reaction mixture, heating the primary reaction mixture in the presence of a strong acid, a super acid or a mixture thereof under ambient pressure at 120 to 180.degree. C. for 1 to 12 hours to obtain a secondary reaction mixture, and subjecting the secondary reaction mixture to vacuum concentration or steam distillation, and the naphthol-modified phenolic resin is suited to use as a curing agent in epoxy resin molding materials for sealing electronic parts.

Abstract: A process for forming a phenol formaldehyde resin including the steps of: (i) forming a first additive including a glycol and an aromatic dicaborxylic acid; (ii) adding said first additive as well as an alpha hydroxy acid to a first resin component comprising resin precursors including phenol, formaldehyde, an acid catalyst or a base catalyst after said precursors have reacted for 40-55 minutes and/or when water has separated from said precursors; (iii) isolating or storing said first resin component which is maintained in a non cured state by the addition of said first additive; (iv) forming a second additive including zinc chloride, an alpha hydroxy acid, para toluene sulphonic acid, sulphuric or hydrochloric acid and a non aqueous solvent; (v) adding said second additive to a second resin component which includes resin precursors phenol, formaldehyde, methanol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid after said precursors have reacted for 20-30 minutes; (vi) combining said first resin component and said second r

Abstract: A naphthol-modified phenolic resin having low softening point and good flowability is obtained by allowing a naphthol and a phenol to react with an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst at 60.degree. to 110.degree. C. to obtain a primary reaction mixture, heating the primary reaction mixture in the presence of a strong acid, a super acid or a mixture thereof under ambient pressure at 120.degree. to 180.degree. C. for 1 to 12 hours to obtain a secondary reaction mixture, and subjecting the secondary reaction mixture to vacuum concentration or steam distillation, and the naphthol-modified phenolic resin is suited to use as a curing agent in epoxy resin molding materials for sealing electronic parts.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for simultaneously preparing a highly pure bisphenol F and/or a bisphenol F for general use and a novolak phenol resin and/or a high molecular weight novolak phenol resin comprising the steps of:(1) a preparation step comprising reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing the acid catalyst, water and the unreacted phenol from the resulting reaction product to give a crude bisphenol F;(2) a distillation step comprising distilling a part of the crude bisphenol F to give a highly pure bisphenol F, as a distillate, having a binuclear moiety-content of not less than 95% by weight and a novolak phenol resin, as a still-bottom product, having a binuclear moiety-content of not more than 15% by area;(3) a step for mixing the highly pure bisphenol F with the remaining crude bisphenol F to give a bisphenol F for general use; and(4) a step for polymerizing the novolak phenol resin with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to give a high molec

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing low molecular weight phenol-aldehyde resin which has predominantly 4 phenolic units in a chain and in which the phenolic ring has a substituent R which is an alkyl group and optionally contains methylol groups on either end of the chain, by reacting formaldehyde with p-alkyl phenol in the presence of ammonia as base in a liquid reaction medium. The resins can be used in producing demulsifiers.

Abstract: A process for the production of modified phenol-formaldehyde resins includes the use of a difunctional phenolic compound as the phenolic component of the resins. The inventive resins resist pre-curing and are useful in the production of molded wood composites produced, for example, by wet-dry forming processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin by causing phenol and formaldehyde to condense under the influence of a basic catalyst, the catalyst being an aqueous solution containing alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, ions of carboxylic acids and one or more ions chosen from the group comprising transition metal ions and borates.

Abstract: Poly-N-acylalkyleneimines corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## are used as an oxidatively crosslinking constituent in paints. In formula (I), R--CO represents the acyl radical of a mono- or polyunsaturated, aliphatic C.sub.16-22 carboxylic acid or a mixture of such radicals, R'--CO represents the acyl radical of a C.sub.1-22 carboxylic acid or a mixture of such radicals and x and y represent the percentages by weight of the particular polymer units, x assuming values of 20 to 100% and preferably 20 to 95% and y assuming values of 80 to 0% and preferably 80 to 5%. The indices m and n independently of one another may assume the value 2 or 3.

Abstract: Oligomeric condensation products including repeat units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein M.sup.+ is a monovalent metal cation; and wherein a=1 or 2 and R is C(R.sub.f).sub.3, or wherein a=O, 1 or 2 and R is ##STR2## wherein each R.sub.f group is independently selected from the group consisting of Fluorine (F) or a perfluoroalkyl group;and b=0, 1 or 2; anda+b=0, 1 or 2; with the proviso thata+b=1 or 2 for at least about half ofsaid repeat units.The products are useful as stainblockers in nylon carpets.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.

Abstract: Compositions containing an aryl phosphite and water to hydrolyze the aryl phosphite provide controlled and extended work time when used as hardening agents for the ambient temperature hardening of phenolic resins and for rapid hardening of such resins at modestly elevated temperatures. Pre-solvolysis with small quantities of water, alkanols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylene glycols of 2 to 4 carbon atoms improve compatibility of trisubstituted phosphites with the resin. Pre-hydrolysis of the phosphites as well as addition of furfuryl alcohol or alkylene glycols of 2 to 4 carbon atoms accelerate the hardening (curing) of the resin. Various compounds such as: carboxylic acid amides, urea, dicyandiamide, N-methylolated amides, N-alkyl 2-pyrrolidinones having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, those having an internal epoxide group, alkanols, and Schiff bases retard the ambient temperature hardening of the resin with the aryl phosphite hardening agents.

Abstract: New, highly branched polyphosphonates which have a greatly improved flame retardant action compared with known polyphosphonates which are suitable as additives for plastics. In addition the new polyphosphonates may be incorporated in plastics as stabilizers with excellent migration properties.

Abstract: The aromatic formaldehyde condensation products, which are substantially colorless and water-soluble and contain sulphonate and/or carboxylate groups, are obtainable by adding agents which have a reducing action during and/or after the condensation reaction, and are suitable for the treatment of textiles and leather.

Abstract: Electrical insulation materials containing a synergistic mixture of either a metal acetylacetonate and a dicyclopentadienyl metal compound, a chromium salt and a dicyclopentadienyl compound, or a chromium salt and a metal acetylacetonate have unexpectedly high levels of corona resistance. The insulation materials preferably are prepared by dissolving the synergistic mixture in an organic resin such as an epoxy resin and then curing the resin.

Abstract: A process for producing a branched polycarbonate comprising reacting a dihydric phenol, such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, a polyfunctional organic compound, such as 1,1,1-tris-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, and phosgene to produce a polycarbonate oligomer, and then polycondensing with stirring the polycarbonate oligomer with a dihydric phenol, such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and a monohydric phenol, such as p-tert butylphenol, whereby the interfacial area of the resultant emulsion is not less than 40 m.sup.2 /L.

Abstract: A resin is prepared by the reaction of a phenol, an aldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxy compound containing two or more hydroxy groups per molecule in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst. These resins react with polyisocyanates to form polyurethanes that are useful binders for foundry cores and molds.

Abstract: A stain-resist agent for polyamide fibers, its preparation and use are disclosed. The stain-resist agent is the condensation product of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone with 0.5 to 1.0 mole of formaldehyde, per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone, and 0.15 to 1.5 moles of mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptosuccinic acid per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone and ammonium hydroxide or an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount sufficient to neutralize the mercapto acid plus an excess of about 0.2 to 0.6 mole of hydroxide per mole of bis-hydroxyphenylsulfone. Generally the reaction is carried out at 110.degree. to 180.degree. C. for 1 to 48 hours, with 130.degree. to 160.degree. C. for 3 to 24 hours being preferred. The product is applied to the polyamide fibers from an aqueous bath to provide a coating of 0.5 to 5.0 wt % stain-resist agent. The stain-resist is applied in the presence of a magnesium salt.

Abstract: A reaction of the compound (A) having at least two 2-oxazoline groups with the compound (B) having at least two functional groups of one or a plural kind selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydroxyl group, an amino group and a thiol group proceeds in a short period of time to produce a cured resin with superior mechanical strength, heat resistance and adhesion properties.

Abstract: A latent catalyzed phenolic resin composition is provided containing a thermosetting phenolic resole resin and a latent catalyst consisting essentially of a primary or secondary amine salt of a strong acid.