Abstract: For the preparation of polyesters and copolyesters, titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide coprecipitates having a composition of TiO.sub.2 :SiO.sub.2 =90:10 to 20:80 mol/mol and/or titanium dioxide/zirconium dioxide coprecipitates having a composition of TiO.sub.2 : ZrO.sub.2 =95:5 to 70:30 mol/mol are proposed as polycondensation catalysts. They have a higher catalytic activity than Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, so that the preferred amount used is only 10 to 100 ppm, based on the esters or oligoesters to be subjected to polycondensation.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the production of polyester or other polycondesation polymers is disclosed. In particular, polymerization is conducted in a reaction vessel equipped with a specially designed agitator that exposes the polymer melt partially filling the reaction vessel to inert gas flowing through the vessel. The agitator comprises a plurality of elements that lift a portion of a polymer melt in the reaction vessel and generate films of the polymer melt which films extends in planes that are substantially parallel to the axis of the agitator and the flow of gas through the reaction vessel. In a preferred process, a melt of dihydroxy ethyl terephthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol, is intimately contacted with an inert gas at about atmospheric pressure in order to remove the reaction by-products and facilitate polymerization.

Abstract: There are disclosed a wholly aromatic polyester represented by formula I with enhanced flame retardance and chemical stability, and a method for the preparing the same. The polymer is prepared in interface polymerization wherein an alkali aqueous phase containing cyclotriphosphagene-containing bisphenols is in contact with an organic phase containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. ##STR1## wherein m and n each are an integer which satisfies the following conditions: 0<m/(m+n)<1 and 0<n/(m+n)<1; X represents --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, --CO--, an alkylene group of C.sub.1-4, or an alkylidene group of C.sub.1-4 ; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.4 ' are the same or different, and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group of C.sub.1-4 or the derivatives thereof, respectively.

Abstract: A process for making a transparent film comprising a liquid crystalline polymer, and a transparent film made thereby having high barrier properties. In this process, the LCP is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, then cast into a film at ambient or near-ambient temperatures. The film optionally may be dried at elevated temperatures and/or reduced pressures to remove the solvent. The film is then annealed at a temperature between the glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) and the melting point temperature (T.sub.m) of the polymer. The result is a highly transparent film having liquid crystalline morphology and high barrier properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymers having non-linear optical properties which polymers include fluorene moieties having at least one electron accepting group and at least one electon donating group substituted to different phenyl rings of the fluorene moiety.

Abstract: A wholly aromatic polyester having excellent moldability, heat resistance and blistering resistance and a composition thereof are obtained from an aromatic polyester composed of six specified types of structural unit and having an optical melt anisotropy. The composition can provide electronic heater parts and oven-ware both excellent in mechanical strength, heat resistance, moldability and microwave oven resistance, and various other heat-resistant members. Molded articles made from this composition can be coated with fluorocarbon resin without the necessity for pretreatment such as heat treatment.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing high molecular weight polyester polymers, such as poly(butylene terephthalate), an alkylene glycol and a di- or tricarboxylic acid by first preparing a pre-polymer in the form of uniform solid particles having an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.1 to about 0.3 dL/gm and a chemical composition which contains greater than a 1% stoichiometric excess of the alkylene glycol above the amount required to produce a high molecular weight polymer, and polymerizing the pre-polymer in the solid state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a random copolyester containing naphthalene ring structure, in particular to a random copolyester containing a first repeating unit which is the same as that of polyalkylene naphthalate, such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), and a second repeating unit which is similar to the first repeating unit except that an aryl ether linkage is incorporated thereto. The present copolyester can be prepared from a dihydroxyethoxy compound and bis(hydroxyalkyl)naphthalate via a direct melt polycondensation in the presence of a metallic catalyst.

Abstract: An aromatic polyester having recurring monomer units derived from terephthalic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4,4'-biphenol, and resorcinol. This polyester is melt processible and may be amorphous or semi-crystalline.

Abstract: A copolyester consisting essentially of ethylene terephthalate units and further comprising 0.01 to 1 mole % based on the sum of the moles of total diol units and the moles of triol units of a triol unit represented by the following formula (I) and/or a triol unit represented by the following formula (II). ##STR1## wherein A is a group represented by formula --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or formula --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 --, B is a divalent hydrocarbon group, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --0-- or a direct bond (-), and p, q, r, s, t and u are each an integer of 1 to 8. A process for producing the same and molded articles (in particular extrusion blow molded articles) therefrom. The copolyesters of the present invention are applicable to melt moldings accompanying melt extrusion, in particular extrusion blow molding, where parisons therefrom have good draw-down tendency and blow moldability.

Abstract: A process for producing fibers or films by the steps of:a) preparing an aromatic polyamide by polycondensation of dicarbonyl dihalides or mixtures thereof with at least two diamines in N-alkyllactams as a solvent, the polycondensation being of at least 90 mol %, based on the total amount of dicarbonyl dihalides in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula I or mixtures of such compoundsHal--OC--Ar.sup.1 --CO--Hal (I)with at least 90 mol%, based on the total amount of diamines in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula II and optionally III or mixtures of such compoundsH.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.2 --NH.sub.2 (II), H.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.3 --NH.sub.2 (III)where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing an anisotropic melt-phase forming polymer involving separate acetylation and polymerization steps, which utilizes controlled vapor phase reflux to reduce reactant loss and assist in maintaining the stoichiometry of the process.

Abstract: Described is a polycarbonate, polyester, or polyestercarbonate composition prepared from a reaction mixture comprising at least one diol and at least one carbonate precursor or ester precursor, wherein at least about 95 mole percent of the diol present in the reaction mixture consists of one or more aromatic diols, at least about 10 mole percent of which consists of one or more stilbene diols. The composition of the invention advantageously has a relatively high thermal resistance, melting temperature, tensile and flexural properties, and/or resistance to thermal embrittlement. Moreover, the polymers of the invention which are thermotropic liquid crystalline also advantageously possess a broad temperature range for liquid crystallinity, good melt processibility, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, a high ignition resistance, high solvent resistance, and/or good barrier properties.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic polyamide film, which comprises the steps of: (a) forming a thin layer of an optically isotropic dope in which an aromatic polyamide is dissolved in a polar amide, (b) immersing the thin layer dope of aromatic polyamide in a polar solvent, other than said polar amide, kept at a temperature not higher than -20.degree. C. to prepare a film, and (c) drying the film. The aromatic polyamide film thus obtained is excellent in transparency. Said process requires neither a step of dissolving an aromatic polyamide in conc. sulfuric acid nor an acid-resistant equipment, and hence, is inexpensive.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides, production thereof, formed structures and production thereofDescribed are aromatic copolyamides comprising the structural repeat units of the formulae I, II and III ##STR1## where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: Novel difunctionalized cyclobutabenzene monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z can be hydrogens or a cyclobutane ring; and X and Y are carboxyl, amino, alcohol, isocyanate, acid halide, or bis-acyl halide groups. Exemplary difunctional bitricyclodecatriene monomers are [2,2'-bidicyclo[2.4.0]octa-1,3,5-triene]-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (BXTA) and [2,2'-bitricyclo[6.2.0.0]deca-1,3,(6),7-triene]-7,7'-dicarboxylic acid (QXTA). The difunctionalized bitricyclodecatriene monomers can form part of a polymer backbone chain in which the multiple butane ring functionalities can be easily opened to produce strong, three-dimensional covalent bond crosslinking between polymer chains. The crosslinking can be induced simply by heating the polymer to a temperature in excess of 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Crosslinkable, polyaromatic, polyether or polyester oligomers can have glass transition temperatures above 900.degree. F. while exhibiting desirable toughness for aerospace applications and ease of processing. A plurality (i.e. three or more) of generally linear aryl arms extend outwardly like spokes from a central aromatic hub through ether or ester linkages. Each spoke usually includes electronegative linkages, and is capped with one or two crosslinking functionalities (i.e. unsaturated hydrocarbon sites) which may be thermally or chemically activated to complete the advanced composite during curing. Among other methods, linear and multidimensional polyether oligomers are synthesized using nitrophthalic anhydride or halophthalic anhydride, dialcohols, or polyols, diamines, and suitable end caps.

Abstract: Polymeric vehicles with liquid crystalline-like properties, solvent dispersible polymeric vehicles, formulated coating compositions with liquid crystalline-like properties and a method for imparting liquid crystalline properties to a coating binder are described. The materials with liquid crystalline-like properties lack structural segments previously regarded as mesogenic.

Abstract: Polymeric vehicles with liquid crystalline-like properties, solvent dispersible polymeric vehicles, formulated coating compositions with liquid crystalline-like properties and a method for imparting liquid crystalline properties to a coating binder are described. The materials with liquid crystalline-like properties lack structural segments previously regarded as mesogenic.

Abstract: Polymers of the class rigid-rod aromatic heterocyclic polymers, having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.3, --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 and --OH, and Q is ##STR2## wherein X is --S-- or --O--, exhibit increased electrical conductivity, as compared to rigid-rod aromatic heterocyclic polymers polymers not containing the triarylamino moiety.

Abstract: This invention provides novel copolycarbonates that exhibit improvements in glass transition temperature, refractive index, and limiting oxygen index compared to prior art thiodiphenol/bisphenol A copolycarbonates. The copolycarbonates of this invention comprise the reaction products of 4,4'-thiodiphenol and compounds such as 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene with phosgene. They are useful as components of multilayered polymeric reflective bodies.

Abstract: Provided is a polyester from 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorenes as a diol component, and this novel polymer is excellent in transparency and heat resistance, has small optical anisotropy, is excellent in moldability, dimensional stability and chemical resistance and is industrially suitable for use in the fields of optical materials, fibers, films and sheets.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) derived from (I) hydroquinone and/or 4,4'-biphenol and/or bis(4-hydroxylphenyl) ether, (II) terephthalic acid, (lII) 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and/or 4,4'-bibenzoic acid, (IV) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (V) 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and optionally (VI) an aliphatic diol in specified ratios. In addition to forming exceptionally tough films, the LCPs are useful as molding resins or for blending with other thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: A copolymer consisting essentially of a repeating sequence represented by the formula ##STR1## where Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, and Ar.sub.3, are each independently chosen from the group consisting of ##STR2## which are either unsubstituted or are substituted with one or more substituents chosen from the group consisting of alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen (F, Cl or Br), and phenyl; Z, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently O, NH, or S; n and m are positive integers; and X is a covalent bond, O, S, SO.sub.2, CO, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5)H, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5)(CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, C(CH.sub.3)H, CH.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, or 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl. The polymers of this invention are derived from a minimum of three different monomers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are organic polymeric fibers containing inorganic whiskers. The fibers are made from polymers which are anisotropic. Such polymers include, for example, certain aramids and polybenzobisthiazoles. The physical properties of the fibers are improved, and are useful, for example, in ropes and composites.

Abstract: A melt processable poly(ester-amide) which is capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase is provided. A poly(ester-amide) of the present invention may have recurring units of: (a) 4-hydroxybenzoyl moiety, (b) 6-oxy-2-naphthoyl moiety, (c) 4,4'-biphenol moiety, (d) terephthaloyl moiety, and (e) an aromatic moiety capable of forming an amide linkage in the proportions indicated. Preferably, the moiety capable of forming an amide linkage is derived from p-aminophenol, p-phenylenediamine, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, etc. The resulting poly(ester-amide) is capable of undergoing melt-processing in the temperature range of from about 300.degree. to about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Crosslinkable, polyaromatic, polyether or polyester oligomers can have glass transition temperatures above 900.degree. F. while exhibiting desirable toughness for aerospace applications and ease of processing. A plurality (i.e. three or more) of generally linear aryl arms extend outwardly like spokes from a central aromatic hub through ether or ester linkages. Each spoke usually includes electronegative linkages, and is capped with one or two crosslinking functionalities (i.e. unsaturated hydrocarbon sites) which may be thermally or chemically activated to complete the advanced composite during curing. Among other methods, linear and multidimensional polyether oligomers are synthesized using nitrophthalic anhydride or halophthalic anhydride, dialcohols, or polyols, diamines, and suitable end caps.

Abstract: The description relates to novel liquid-crystalline polyesters containing the following repeating units: A having the formula: ##STR1## and B having the formula ##STR2## The novel polyesters are of use e.g. as starting materials for production of fibres with improved mechanical properties. They can either be converted as such into fibres or can be added to conventional fibre-forming matrix polymers.

Abstract: A process for the production of a polycarbonate powder comprising introducing an organic solvent solution of polycarbonate and steam into a mixing nozzle and obtaining the polycarbonate powder from a mixture ejected from the mixing nozzle, wherein the organic solvent solution contains 3 to 45% by weight of the polycarbonate, and the ratio of the weight of steam/the weight of an organic solvent in the organic solvent solution is 1/10 to 1/5.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel substituted biphenyl pyrazines or pyrazine derivatives ("BPD") which are functional and have useful application as a monomer for a variety of high performance polymers such as polyester, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyetherketones, epoxides, polyimides, polyamides, and polyamides-imides; and as pigments for coating compositions such as paints. These BPD have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.8 and n are defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a copolyester having improved weatherability and photostability. The copolyester is useful for producing fibers useful for automobile interior, draperies, outdoor awning, and for polyester sheeting for applications such as glazing, window-well covers, signs, skylights, etc.

Abstract: A reduced glass transition temperature copolyester-carbonate which displays non-Newtonian melt behavior was synthesized by using bisphenol-A, a dicarboxylic acid and a trisphenol. The branched copolymer was obtained by interfacial phosgenation. One of the compositions described displays a Tg of about 127.degree. C. and twice the melt flow index of a branched polycarbonate of corresponding molecular weight or intrinsic viscosity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for blow molding articles from liquid crystal polymers containing ionic moieties in the backbone. The ionic moieties increase the melt viscosity of the polymers sufficiently high to blow mold articles therefrom. An illustrative liquid crystal polymer is made from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Novel difucntionalized cyclobutabenzene monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z can be hydrogens or a cyclobutane ring; and X and Y are carboxyl, amino, alcohol, isocyanate, acid halide, or bis-acyl fluoride groups. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the cyclobutabenzene derivative is 1,2-dihydrocyclobutabenzene-3,6-carboxylic acid. The difunctionalized cyclobutabenzene monomer can form part of a polymer backbone chain, but has an additional functionality, the butane ring, which can be easily opened to produce strong, covalent bond crosslinking between polymer chains. The crosslinking can be induced simply by heating the polymer to a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A resin composition for toners, composed essentially of a suspension polymerizate of:(a) 5 to 40% by weight per total polymer of a polyester comprising at least one aromatic diol component an at least one aliphatic diol component, and having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 30,000, an acid value of 0.5 to 10 mgKOH/g, and an OH value of 10 to 60 mgKOH/g;(b) 60 to 95% by weight per total polymer of a vinyl monomer; and(c) 0.1 to 1.0% by weight per total polymer of a divinyl monomer,wherein said suspension polymerizate hasa glass transition temperature of 40.degree. to 70.degree. C.,an acid value of 0.1 to 10 mgKOH/g, anda softening temperature of 100.degree. to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole polymer dopes are spun through a spinneret having an orifice density of more than 0.25 per cm.sup.2 to form filaments. The filaments formed then pass through an air gap which has a gas flowing into it at a temperature of between about 5.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and at a flow rate between about 0.1 meters/second and about 2.0 meters/second. The filaments cool in the air gap and are then coagulated. During or after coagulation the filaments are combined into one or more fibers. By this method of controlling the temperature in the air gap it is possible to stably spin polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole fibers at relatively high final line speeds.

Abstract: Polyetherimides, polyesterimides, poly(ester etherimides) and poly(carbonate imides) which are thermoplastic, polymeric materials contain divalent bisimides of formula ##STR1## wherein R is independently in each occurrence hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbons, aryl or aralkyl of from 1 to 20 carbons, halogen or NO.sub.2. Novel monomeric bisimides corresponding to the above formula are also disclosed.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyester-imides having improved mechanical properties, characterized in that they consist of recurring units of the formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes an 2,4-tolylene, 2,6-tolylene, 2,5-bis(4-phenylenethio) thiadiazole,or a 1,4-bis(phenylenethio)diphenyl sulfone radical, a process for their preparation and their use for the production of industrial components of plastic.

Abstract: A water-dispersible aromatic polyester comprising a dicarboxylic acid component and a glycol component, wherein (A) at least 95 mol% of the dicarboxylic acid component is composed of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component containing 30 to 99.5 mol% of a 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid component and at least 0.005 mol% to less than 5 mol% of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component having a sulfonic acid salt group, and (B) at least 95 mol% of the glycol component is composed of an ethylene glycol component and a component from a propylene oxide adduce of bisphenol A, the molar ratio of the ethylene glycol component:the component of a propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A being 40-99:60-1; and a fast-adhesion polyester film comprising a polyester film and a coating which contains the above water-dispersible aromatic polyester and is formed on at least one surface of the polyester film.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties as lateral substituents are disclosed which provide improved processability relative to polycyanates containing one or more mesogenic moieties in the main chain of the molecule. Molecular level ordering of the resulting thermosets is maintained much similar to that found thermosets of polycyanates which have one or more mesogenic moieties in the main chain.

Abstract: Provided are novel phenolic-functional polyesters which are prepared by a direct polycondensation process. The polyesters formed therefrom are useful in enamel compositions and upon curing provide coatings which exhibit superior hardness, impact resistance and acid resistance heretofore unachievable with other polyester-based coatings.

Abstract: An oriented polyester film (A) which comprises modified polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing a 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid component and having a heat of crystallization of 16 to 25.5 Joule/g, and (B) which is biaxially oriented; and an oriented polyester film (A') which comprises modified polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing of a glycol component derived from a compound represented by the following formula, ##STR1## wherein each of n and m is independently a positive number of 1 to 9 as an average, provided that m+n equals 2 to 9 as an average, and having a heat of crystallization of 6 to 20 Joule/g, and (B) which is biaxially oriented. These films are useful as a base film for a magnetic recording tape or as an electric insulation film.

Abstract: Polycarbonate resins containing repeating or recurring polymer chain units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents alkyl are useful in high temperature applications, when thermoplastically molded into articles.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: A thermotropic copolyester, which displays a liquid-crystal phase of nematic type, within a desired temperature range, contains units deriving from:(a) a saturated, aliphatic dicarboxy acid;(b) 4,4'-dihydroxy-biphenyl and/or mono- or di-alkyl- or -alkenyl-derivatives thereof;(c) 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and/or alkyl- or alkenyl-derivatives thereof.Such a copolyester improves the processability of unsaturation-containing elastomers and enhances the mechanical properties of subsequently vulcanized products.

Abstract: Provided are novel thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters consisting essentially of the following structural units (1), (2) and (3) or those (2), (3), (4) and (5) and shaped articles comprising these polyesters. Also provided are packaging materials and containers comprising the above thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters or a polyester consisting essentially of the following structural units (2), (3), (5) and (6).

Abstract: Polyimide compositions, films, and electronic devices using polyimides, based on 9-aryl-9(perfluoroalkyl)xanthene-2,3,6,7-dianhydride or 9,9'-bis(perfluoroalkyl)xanthene-2,3,6,7-dianhydride and benzidine derivatives. These polyimides offer a combination of low linear coefficient of thermal expansion, low dielectric constant, and low water absorption.

Abstract: Low dielectric constant polyimides formed from an optionally fluorinated dianhydride and a fluorinated diamine are described. The fluorine containing constituents are sterically disposed so that the dipole moment of the constituents tend to cancel out. Since fluorine containing diamines are generally nonreactive, to achieve a polyimide of high enough molecular weight to be practically useful, a method of fabrication of a high molecular weight polymer from monomers of low reactivity is provided. The monomers, such as a diamine and dianhydride are provided in a solution within which a low molecular weight polyamic acid is formed. The solution is dried. The polyamic acid used is cured to a low molecular weight polyimide. The polyimide is redisolved, redryed and recured enough times to build up the molecular weight to a useful level. The method is applicable to fabricating other polymers of high molecular weight, such as polyamides, polyesters and polyurethanes.