Abstract: Novel difunctionalized cyclobutabenzene monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z can be hydrogens or a cyclobutane ring; and X and Y are carboxyl, amino, alcohol, isocyanate, acid halide, or bis-acyl halide groups. Exemplary difunctional bitricyclodecatriene monomers are [2,2'-bidicyclo[2.4.0]octa-1,3,5-triene]-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (BXTA) and [2,2'-bitricyclo[6.2.0.0]deca-1,3,(6),7-triene]-7,7'-dicarboxylic acid (QXTA). The difunctionalized bitricyclodecatriene monomers can form part of a polymer backbone chain in which the multiple butane ring functionalities can be easily opened to produce strong, three-dimensional covalent bond crosslinking between polymer chains. The crosslinking can be induced simply by heating the polymer to a temperature in excess of 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is described for the dimerization of a substituted aromatic compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents --OH, --SH or --NHR where R is H, an alkyl group or an aryl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alicyclic group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, or an amino group; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can have the same definition as R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and may additionally represent a hydrogen atom; which comprises reacting the substituted aromatic compound in the presence of a peroxidase enzyme, a peroxide and a radical transfer agent in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing polyhydroxystyrene which comprises the steps of (a) heating 4-hydroxyacetophenone under suitable hydrogenation conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst and a basic material and for a sufficient period of time to form 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol; (b) heating 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form said polyhydroxystyrene.

Abstract: A modified polyphenylene ether comprising repeating units of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently from each other, a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having a number average polymerization degree of 20 to 12,000, in which 0.02/X to 1/X of methyl groups at the 2- and/or 6-positions of phenylene group are substituted by an aminomethyl group wherein X is a number average polymerization degree, a process for preparing the same, and a thermoplastic resin composition containing (A) 1 to 75% by weight of the above modified polyphenylene ether and (B) 99 to 25% by weight of a liquid crystalline polyester.Since this modified polyphenylene ether includes a highly reactive primary amine on the polymer side chain, it is preferably used in a wide range as a component of various compositions or polymer alloys. The thermoplastic resin composition is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical properties and appearance and gloss of a molded article.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing vinyl phenols such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). In this new process, 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol (HPMC) is heated under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form the poly (4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS).

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing polyhydroxystyrene which comprises the steps of (a) heating 4-hydroxyacetophenone under suitable hydrogenation conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst and for a sufficient period of time to form 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol; (b) heating 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form said polyhydroxystyrene.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyaniline having a desired molar mass. Control of the molar mass of the polyaniline is achieved in connection with an aniline polymerization reaction, by feeding aniline and an oxidizing agent participating in the polymerization reaction gradually into a polymerization vessel. By varying the feeding speeds of the aniline and the oxidizing agent, polyanilines having different molar masses are obtained.

Abstract: Substituted phenyl compounds endowed with chain extension activity for formulations such as polyurethanes are disclosed, and which have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1-1000 and m is 1-100; and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- and --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --; and R.sub.3 is from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and the diasteromeric salts thereof.

Abstract: Novel difucntionalized cyclobutabenzene monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z can be hydrogens or a cyclobutane ring; and X and Y are carboxyl, amino, alcohol, isocyanate, acid halide, or bis-acyl fluoride groups. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the cyclobutabenzene derivative is 1,2-dihydrocyclobutabenzene-3,6-carboxylic acid. The difunctionalized cyclobutabenzene monomer can form part of a polymer backbone chain, but has an additional functionality, the butane ring, which can be easily opened to produce strong, covalent bond crosslinking between polymer chains. The crosslinking can be induced simply by heating the polymer to a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel composition of matter comprising a polyacid and a polymer containing repeating units which contain one or more basic atoms. The complex is water-soluble and electrically conductive. The complex is useful in providing organic discharge layers for use in electronic applications and fabrications.

Abstract: A curable formaldehyde-free phenolic resin having formula (I): ##STR1## wherein a and b each represent an integer equal to or greater than 1, a+b multiplied by n is an integer of about 3 to 100; ##STR2## m is 0 or 1; and R is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having about 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, allyl having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, aralkyl having about 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkaryl having about 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkoxy having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryloxy having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or ##STR3## and methods for preparing such resin are described.

Abstract: A novolak resin composition comprising at least one unit of the reaction product of a para-, para-bonded bisphenol having formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 =hydrogen, lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, halogen, or lower alkoxy group having 1-4 carbon atoms;wherein R.sub.2 =hydrogen or lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; andwherein X is selected from the group consisting of: CH.sub.2, CH(CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, O, and S;with a bismethylol monomer selected from a difunctional ortho-, ortho-phenolic bismethylol of Formula (B), a difunctional ortho-, para-phenolic bismethylol of Formula (C): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, Cl, and Br; andwherein R.sub.4 is selected from H and CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Substituted phenyl compounds endowed with chain extension activity for formulations such as polyurethanes are disclosed, and which have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1-1000; R.sub.1 .dbd.R.sub.2, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are from the group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3)H--; and --C(CH.sub.3)H--CH.sub.2 --; and R.sub.3 is from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and the diasteromeric salts thereof.

Abstract: An alkali-soluble binder resin made by a condensation reaction of hydroxy styrene moiety having formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein x is an integer from 2 to 300; with a monomethylolated phenolic compound having a formula (III): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy group having 1-4 carbon atoms, amino group, and carboxylic acid group; wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, an amino group, and a carboxylic group; and wherein the mole ratio of the hydroxy styrene moiety to the monomethylolated phenolic compound is from about 1:10 to about 10:1.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a phenolic resin represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a divalent cyclic hydrocarbon residue having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, p is a number of from 0 to 10 and q is a number of 1 or 2. The method involves reacting a phenol with an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonding in the presence of an acid catalyst; and processing a resulting reaction product by a hydrotalcite compound represented by the formula (II)M.sub.1-x.sup.2+ M.sub.x.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2+x-ny A.sub.y.sup.n-.m(H.sub.2 O)(II)where M.sup.2+ is a divalent, magnesium ion, a divalent zinc ion, a divalent calcium ion, a divalent nickel ion, a divalent cobalt ion, a divalent manganese ion or a divalent copper ion, M.sup.3+ is a trivalent aluminum ion, a trivalent iron ion or a trivalent chromium ion, A.sup.n- is HCO.sub.3.sup.-, CO.sub.3.sup.2- or OH.sup.-, and x, y and m each are 0.

Abstract: A method of emulsion polymerization of aniline or substituted anilines for making substituted or unsubstituted homopolymers and co-polymers of aniline. The method includes formation of an emulsion of aniline monomers, polar solvent, non-polar or weakly polar solvent and functionalized protonic acid, which is selected for its ability to perform two functions: acting as a surfactant and acting as a protonating agent (dopant) in producing an electrically conducting polymer. Then, an oxidant is added to polymerize the ingredients of the emulsion. This method provides polyaniline particles of highly crystalline and oriented morphologies of controlled aspect ratios.

Abstract: Rubber components of a vulcanizable rubber composition are homogenized by adding to the composition, prior to vulcanization, a phenolic resin formed by reacting a bisphenol A residual resin with chlorinated C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbons in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymeric composition comprising reacting a mixture of at least one phenolic compound and at least one oxazoline compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one ammonium salt and a tetracarbyl phosphonium salt, and optionally also in the presence of an alkyl halide is described.

Abstract: Physiologically active, non-toxic, non-teratogenic and non-mutagenic huminates produced by oxidation of polyvalent phenols in aqueous alkaline medium at a reaction temperature under 40.degree. C., the pH value of the reaction medium always being over 9.0 during the oxidation and the supply of oxidant being proportioned so that the content of the quinones corresponding to the polyvalent phenols is always less than 0.5%, based on the polyvalent phenols used, and that the oxidation reaction is stopped when the quinone concentration decreases despite oxidant supply.

Abstract: A hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin can be produced by copolymerizing from 1.5 to 8 mol % of a phenol compound selected from those represented by the following formulae (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e): ##STR1## and from 98.5 to 92 mol % of a phenol compound of the following formula (f): ##STR2## The hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin shows excellent compatibility with a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a poly(butylene terephthalate), a poly(phenylene sulfide), and is useful as a copatibilizer or a modified resin for engineering plastics.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a dipolar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensated with a sulphurizing agent to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Polyphenylene ethers are prepared from monohydric phenols by oxidative coupling with oxygen-containing gases in the presence of an oxidation catalyst in an organic solvent by carrying out the polycondensation in the presence of a defoamer.

Abstract: A polyarylene sulfide has an inherent viscosity [.eta..sub.i n h ] of 0.1 to 0.5 dl/g, a weight-average molecular weight of 1.times.10.sup.4 to 2.times.10.sup.5 ; a ratio of the inherent viscosity [.eta..sub.i n h ] to a calculated viscosity [.eta.].sub.calc ([.eta..sub.i n h /[.eta.].sub.calc) of 0.4/1 to 0.8/1; and a degree of whiteness of 50 or higher when measured in accordance with whiteness testing procedures (JIS P8123). The polyarylene sulfide is prepared by reaction by contacting at least one member of a metallic sulfide (A) selected from an alkali metal sulfide and an alkali metal hydrosulfide with a dihalogen aromatic compound (B) and an aromatic compound (C) having three or more than three functional groups in a polar solvent in a molar ratio of the dihalogen aromatic compound (B) to the metallic sulfide (A) [(B)/(A)] ranging from 1.035/1 to 1.300/1 and in a molar ratio of the aromatic compound (C) to the dihalogen aromatic compound (B) [(C)/(B)] ranging from 0.003/1 to 0.05/1.

Abstract: This invention relates to naphthol aralkyl resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15 and cured products thereof, which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: The new aromatic polyethers containing ester groups, which are distinguished by high dimensional stability, may be used for the production of all kinds of moulded products as well as for the preparation of block copolymers of aromatic polyether segments and segments of other thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: By-products from the chlorination of butadiene may be reacted with phenols in the presence of iron catalysts to form Novolak type phenol resins.

Abstract: A novel method for purifying a polyphenylene ether is disclosed. The method is characterized in that in separating a polyphenylene ether from a reaction product obtained by oxidative polymerization of a 2,6-di-substituted-phenol by means of a precipitation polymerization method in which a polymer is precipitated in the presence of a catalyst comprising a combination of a copper ion, a halide ion and not less than one type of amines and purifying a polyphenylene ether, wherein an amino carboxylic acid derivative is added to the reaction product and then a polymer is washed with a poor solvent for the polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a polyhydroxyphenylene ether resin which comprises copolymerizing a phenol-substituted compound having hydroxyl group as a substituent, represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m and n each represents an integer satisfying the formulae 1.ltoreq.m and m+n.ltoreq.4; J represents {(HO).sub.a --R.sup.1 --S}.sub.b --R.sup.2 -- where a and b each represents an integer of 1 to 6; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents unsubstituted or halogen-substituted alkylene, alkenylene or arylene, or alkylene; K represents halogen, primary or secondary alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkyl, hydrocarbonoxy or halohydrocarbonoxy;with at least one phenol-substituted compound represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein Qs each represents hydrogen, halogen, primary or secondary alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, aminoalkyl, haloalkyl, hydrocarbonoxy or halohydrocarbonoxy,and a resin composition containing the polyhydroxyphenylene ether resin prepared by the above method.

Abstract: Biocatalytic oxidative processes wherein oxidizable substrates are reacted with peroxides in the presence of a peroxidase such as soybean peroxidase or another legume peroxidase; an oxidative coupling reaction for producing phenolic resins; a method for the purification of peroxidase enzyme-containing extracts generally also are described.

Abstract: A process for preparing a metal phenolate of the formula II:Cl--Ar.sub.1 COAr.sub.2 OM (II)wherein each of Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 which may be the same or different is a bivalent group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.12 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, a nitrile group, a nitro group or an acyloxy group, each of Y and Z is an oxygen atom or a ketone group, and each of n and m is an integer of from 0 to 4, and M is an alkali metal, which comprises reacting a phenol compound of the formula I:Cl--Ar.sub.1 COAr.sub.2 OH (I)wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are as defined above, with an alkali metal compound in the presence of water, and then removing water, characterized in that water is azeotropically distilled off together with an organic solvent capable of forming an azeotropic mixture with water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a phenolic resin which comprises reacting a phenol with a peroxidase or an oxidase enzyme and a peroxide in an organic solvent-containing medium, wherein said phenol and said organic solvent are present at a ratio greater than about 0.5:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to alternating and block copolymer resins and methods for preparing the same. The alternating copolymer resins are formed from the reaction of a preformed bishydroxymethyl phenol and a reactive phenolic compound. The alternating copolymer may then be further reacted with a second reactive compound in the presence of an aldehyde to form the substantially block copolymer. The alternating and block copolymer resins are characterized by enhanced ortho-, ortho-coupling and low molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing a process for preparing a modified polyphenylene ether which comprises reacting any one of a borane compound having at least one boron-hydrogen bond, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound or a mercaptane having a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxysilyl group with a polyphenylene ether having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in a substituent, and optionally oxidizing the resulting borane-modified PPE under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: A phenolic polymer obtained by reacting a phenolic compound with a bis(hydroxyalkyl)benzene, followed by alkylation of ortho positions or para position with respect to the hydroxyl group of the terminal phenol groups of the produced polymer is suitable for use as a heat resistant antioxidant for thermoplastic resins.

Abstract: Secondary products formed in the chlorination of butadiene can be reacted with phenols in the absence of iron catalysts to form novolak-like phenolic resins in such a way that the tetrachlorobutane present in the secondary products does not react. It can be distilled off with the excess phenol and isolated in pure form from the distillate obtained.

Abstract: Cyanate esters of 4,4'-[1,3-phenylenebis (1-methylethylidene)] 2,2',6,6'-R-bisphenol when properly catalyzed, can be cured at temperatures in the range of about 250.degree. to about 300.degree. F. to obtain percent cyclotrimerization of the cyanate ester groups of at least 80 percent.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a polyphenylene ether with low nitrogen content and low odor properties employs, for oxidative coupling of a 2,6-disubstituted phenol, a novel catalyst comprising a copper compound, a diamine, a tertiary amine, a quaternary compound and an unsaturated compound. The new polyphenylene ether is suitable for polymer blending, with, for example, styrenic resins, to make low odor blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphthol-based epoxy resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15, naphthol aralkyl resins which are intermediates for said epoxy resins, a process for the preparation of said naphthol aralkyl resins, and epoxy resin compositions containing said naphthol-based epoxy resins which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: A polyphenylene ether having at least one functional end group of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a divalent C.sub.1-12 aliphatic group, n is 0 or 1, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a hydroxy-C.sub.2-8 -alkyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the production of bifunctional polyphenylene oxides bearing OH groups as functional groups at both ends of the chain.

Abstract: A diamine compound represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is as defined in the specification a group of formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 as defined in the specification or a group of formula (III) ##STR3## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the same meanings as defined above, and Z is as defined in the specification, or --SO.sub.2 --. The diamine compound is produced by reducing a dinitro compound of general formula (IV) ##STR4## wherein R has the same meaning as defined above. Imidation of the diamine compound with a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride produces a polyamideimide resin having a repeating unit represented by general formula (V): ##STR5## wherein Ar and Ar.sup.1, which are as defined in the specification R.sup.3 is a group of general formula (VI) below: ##STR6## where R has the same meaning as defined above; R.sup.4 is as defined in the specification and m and n are each zero or a positive integer which satisfy m.gtoreq.2n.

Abstract: An odor free polyphenylene ether is made from polymerization grade phenolic monomer which has been crystallized from a solvent. An amine free catalyst is used to polymerize the monomer. The polyphenylene ether is useful as a packaging material for food which is to be stored at a low temperature and/or cooked in the package at a high temperature.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprising units of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a halogen and R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and said units of formula (I) are made by condensing the corresponding halogen-substituted resorcinol of formula (A): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is defined above, with the corresponding para-lower alkyl-substituted 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-phenol of formula (B): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is defined above, and wherein the mole ratio of A:B is from about 0.5:1 to 1.7:1. This phenolic resin may be mixed with photoactive compounds (e.g. 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide sensitizers) to prepare a light-sensitive composition useful as a positive-working photoresist.

Abstract: A phenolic polymer obtained by reacting a phenolic compound with a bis(hydroxyalkyl)benzene, followed by alkylation of ortho positions or para position with respect to the hydroxyl group of the terminal phenol groups of the produced polymer is suitable for use as a heat resistant antioxidant for thermoplastic resins

Abstract: Odor components are removed from polyphenylene ether resins by extracting the resin with a ketone, preferably acetone. Odor components removed by this method include 7-methyldihydrobenzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, 2,4,6-trimethylanisole, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone, and 2-ethylhex-2-enal, as well as dibutylamines and various unsaturated amines.

Abstract: Odoriferous by-product compounds, e.g. 2,4,6-trimethylanisole, are reduced in a process for the production of polyphenylene ether resin in liquid aromatic hydrocarbon solution by continuously distilling and recycling the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a phenolic resin which comprises reacting a phenol with a peroxidase or an oxidase enzyme and a peroxide in an organic solvent containing medium to generate phenolic radicals which react to form a phenolic resin.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyphenylene ether is disclosed, comprising oxidatively polymerizing a phenol in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst for oxidative polymerization, finely dispersing the resulting polyphenylene ether containing the organic solvent in an aqueous dispersion medium containing an acid compound, and heating the aqueous dispersion to remove the solvent from the polyphenylene ether. The resulting polyphenylene ether has excellent powder properties and contains a reduced amount of a catalyst residue.

Abstract: Acetylene terminated aspartimides are prepared using two methods. In the first, an amino-substituted aromatic acetylene is reacted with an aromatic bismaleimide in a solvent of glacial acetic acid and/or m-c=resol. In the second method, an aromatic diamine is reacted with an ethynyl containing maleimide, such as N-(3-ethynylphenyl) maleimide, in a solvent of glacial acetic acid and/or m-cresol. In addition, acetylene terminated aspartimides are blended with various acetylene terminated oligomers and polymers to yield composite materials exhibiting improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyphenylene ethers with reduced inherent color by the addition of a boron compound after the termination of the oxidative coupling reaction and removal of the metallic catalyst residues.